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Anatomy of the Non-Potable Water Irrigation System & Reclaimed Water Chemistry
Kirk MillerRain Bird Area Specification Manager, Pacific Northwest
The Intelligent Use of Water™
Today’s Objectives
Review of potable and non-potable water sources
Compare tap water and reclaimed water constituents
Understand the important planning factors for irrigation systems using reclaimed water
Anatomy of a non-potable water irrigation system
Potable and Non-Potable Water Sources
Types of Water
Note: These are typical applications in the U.S. Any water type can be treated and disinfected to meet drinking water standards – which occurs in many parts of the world.
YNRiver Water
YNRunoff Water
YNReverse Osmosis Water
YNFiltered Water
NYWell Water
YNSea Water
YNBrackish Water (mix of fresh and sea)
YNReclaimed or Recycled Water
NYPotable, Drinking, or Tap Water
Typically Non-Potable
Typically Potable
What is Reclaimed Water?“Cleaned” wastewater
Final product of a multi-stage advanced water treatment process
Ideal for irrigation ─ nitrogen and phosphorus remaining in the water provide excellent fertilizer for ornamental plants and grass
Unsuitable for human or house pet consumption ─ Exceptions exist where reclaimed water is potable
Sometimes called recycled water
Drinking Water and Reclaimed Water Constituents
Typical Potable Water Constituents
Water
Chlorine disinfectant (maximum 4 ppm)
Disinfectant By-Products (DBPs)
Fluorine (often added)
Minerals
Naturally occurring local constituents: radon, sulfur, limestone, etc.
Primary EPA Drinking Water Specifications: Mandatory
Secondary EPA Drinking Water Specifications: Voluntary
Reclaimed Water GuidelinesState of California Title 22 Reclaimed Water Definition is a widely recognized benchmark covering requirements for:– Microbial presence– Odor– Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
No clear limit on chlorine disinfectantsAverages are used ─ actual constituents fluctuate greatly as systems are “shocked” with treatment chemicalsConstituents difficult to enforcePractical matters govern use – pumps need to workCertain reclaimed waters not allowed for reuse – for example, dye factory dischargeNumerous and varied Disinfection By-Products (DBPs)Numerous volatiles generated in reclamation
Reclaimed Water Differences from Drinking Water
Reclaimed water quality varies within the guidelines
Reclaimed water generally has more constituents such as salts and minerals, which can make it harder than the drinking water
Reclaimed water treatment chemicals can spike significantly when systems are shocked early in the day to disinfect the water line carrying the reclaimed water
Why Use Reclaimed Water?Certain types of reclaimed water can be used for irrigation of food crops and spray irrigation of orchards and vineyardsReuse conserves waterReuse matches water quality with water useHigh-quality groundwater is reserved for drinking and bathingReclaimed water saves moneyReclaimed water rates are less than local drinking water rateReclaimed water use helps assure that a community will have water supplies to meet their current and future needs
Reclaimed Water Use Guidelines Recommended by Utilities
DO:Post signs on the property indicating reclaimed water is in use
Water at night or when the potential for human contact is low
Prevent water from ponding or running off onto other properties
Avoid overspray onto areas where food is prepared or eaten
Wash with soap and drinking water if you come in contact with reclaimed water
Use purple indicators on irrigation equipment using reclaimed water
Advise all landscape and irrigation maintenance personnel that reclaimed water is used
Reclaimed Water Use Guidelines Recommended by Utilities
DO NOT:Allow human or house pet consumption (unless disinfected and specified by a utility)
Connect reclaimed water to the drinking water system
Bathe in reclaimed water
Use in swimming pools and spas
Use in aquariums
Use for heating and cooling equipment
Connect to fountains
Wash vehicles, play equipment, driveways, sidewalks, and structures
Important Planning Factors for Irrigation Systems Using Reclaimed Water
Reclaimed Water Transfer Line Potential Issues
Reclaimed water constituents can build-up within a water transfer line
Lines are “shocked” with chemicals to assure low level of microbial build-up
Reclaimed water can leave aftereffects from at least three sets of constituents:
─ Minerals and salts
─ Sulfur by-products such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfuric acid
─ Disinfection By-Products (DBP’s) such as trihalomethanes
Reclaimed Water Long-Term EffectsSome soil long-term build-up effects can be reversed to some degree, except for some salts
Some turf grass is being produced with high tolerance to salts and minerals
A variety of chemicals are often used to balance the presence of reclaimed water constituents
The long-term effects of water constituents on water transfer lines and irrigation equipment generally cannot be reversed
Reclaimed water lines and irrigation products are irreversibly affected by chemicals used to clean them
Reclaimed Water Summary
Reclaimed water use conserves water resourcesReclaimed water use helps keep costs downReclaimed water constituents vary widely depending on the locally available water supplies, and much more than drinking water constituentsReclaimed water and its use have some guidelines but they are not very specificMunicipalities often require labeling of reclaimed water lines and irrigation equipmentSince reclaimed water constituents vary widely, chemicals are often used to adjust their constituents, especially the organic build-upEffect of reclaimed water and chemicals used to maintain a reclaimed water line leave a lasting irreversible effect on irrigation products
Anatomy of a Non-Potable System
4 Key Areas for Non-Potable Irrigation Products
4. Emission Devices
3. Valves
2. Central Controls1. Pump Stations
1. Pump Stations for On-Site Water Sources
1. Pump Stations
For pressure and flow from on-site water source:CHIE Series: Low flow (up to 80 gpm) for irrigation and water features
Integrated Plug-n-Pump: Up to 300 gpm VFD single pump and multi-pump stations with enclosure. New D-Series, DP-Series & DPX-Series
Engineering Pumping Solutions: Engineered VFD pump station solutions custom designed for your irrigation system requirements
Pumps will be covered in more detail in the next session and the next series
2. Central Control Systems
2. Central ControlsWater use reporting by water type ─ potable and non-potable ─ is often required by local water authorities
Central Control systems with water-use reporting capabilities are important in locations where reporting is mandatory
Central Control offers features that eliminate over-watering and run-off that are undesirable in non-potable water applications:– ET-based scheduling– Flow management– Rain shut-off– Cycle + Soak
Central Controls with Water Saving and Water Use Reporting Functions
Multi-Site
Maxicom2
IQ
Single-Site
SiteControl
Larger Sites,Fully-AutomaticOperation
Smaller Sites,Semi-AutomaticOperation
NEW
3. Valves for Non-Potable Water Applications
Valves Built for Reclaimed WaterValve diaphragms are especially prone to a shorter life under the harsh chemical conditions of non-potable, reclaimed water
Specify valves with diaphragms and components that are engineered to be chlorine and chemical resistant
PESB-R Series Valves EFB-CP-R Series Valves
PESB-R Series ValvesA true reclaimed water irrigation valve
Handles chlorine and other chemicals found in reclaimed water systems
Construction of heavy-duty, glass-filled nylon
Resists clogging and features a patented scrubber to actively fight dirt, algae and other particles from blocking the pilot flow
Models: – 100-PESB-R 1“– 150-PESB-R 1½“– 200-PESB-R 2“– 100-PESB-R-WK– 150-PESB-R-WK– 200-PESB-R-WK
Conversion Kits
EFB-CP-R Series ValvesRed brass body and bonnet for longer life and more rugged performance at 200 psi
Contamination-proof, self-flushing screen that cleans itself and resists debris build-up in dirty water applications
Rubber diaphragm and plastic scrubber components molded of chlorine- and chemical-resistant materials
Long life and superior performance in high pressure applications
Models: – 100-EFB-CP-R 1"– 150-EFB-CP-R 1½"– 200-EFB-CP-R 2"
Non-Potable, Dirty Water ApplicationsScrubber or self-flushing filter prevents debris build-up and clogging
Built-in scrubber (S) scrapes the filtration screen to clean grit and plant material common in non-potable, dirty water from ponds or lakes
PESB Series Valves:100-PESB 1“
150-PESB 1½“200-PESB 2"
BPES Series Valves:
300-BPES 3“
EFB-CP/EFB-CP-R Series Valves:100-EFB-CP 1“
150-EFB-CP1½“200-EFB-CP 2"
Valves with Purple Handles for Non-Potable Water Identification
Model Valves
PGA-NP-HAN1 1” and 1½” PGA Valves
PGA-NP-HAN2 2” PGA Valves
PEB-NP-HAN1 1” PEB and PESB Valves
PEB-NP-HAN2 1½” & 2” PEB and PESB Valves
EFB-GB-NP-HAN GB and EFB-CP Valves
BPE-NP-HAN 3” BPE and BPES Valves
Valve Boxes with Purple Lidsfor Non-Potable Identification
RoundVB-7RNDP
VB-10RNDP
StandardVB-STDP
JumboVB-JMBP
4. Emission Devices and Accessories
New Swing Pipe for Reclaimed Water
New SPX-FLEXRW flexible swing pipe specifically engineered for use with reclaimed water
Purple strip for non-potable identification
SPX-FLEXRW100
Sprinklers for Non-Potable, Dirty Water Applications
Impact Sprinklers are proven to be grit tolerant from non-potable, dirty water sources such as ponds or lakes
Also resistant to attack by harsh water
Recommended for slopes and non-turf areas– 2045-PJ Maxi-Bird™:½" riser-mounted full-
or part-circle– 20B-ADJ: ½" riser-mounted full-circle – 25BPJ-ADJ Series: ½¾" riser-mounted
full- or part-circle – 35-A-TNT: ¾" riser-mounted full- or part-
circle– 65PJADJ-TNT: 1" riser-mounted full- or
part-circle
2045-PJ Maxi-Bird™
Sprays and Rotors with Purple Covers for Non-Potable Water Identification
Purple Covers for Spray Heads
1800 NPCAP 1800 Sprays
US-NP UNI-Sprays
PA-8S-NP Plastic Shrub Adapter
Purple Covers for Rotors
3500 NP Cover
5000/5000 Plus NP Cover
5505 NP Cover
Falcon 6504 NP Cover
7005 NP Cover
8005 NP Cover
Low-Volume and Direct-to-Root Non-Potable Water Identification
Purple Landscape Dripline
LD-P
Root Watering Series
RWS-P
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