anatomy of the hand
TRANSCRIPT
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Anatomy of the HandArtwork & Research by Katie Moriarty
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Surface of the Hand
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Bones and Joints of the Hand
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Bones of the Fingers
• Distal Phalanges: located on the top of the finger; each has a convex dorsal surface and a flat palmar surface; rough elevation provides support for the nail bed
• Middle Phalanges: located between the distal and proximal phalanges; does not exist on the thumb
• Proximal Phalanges: lie at the base of the finger; connect to the the metacarpals at the knuckle
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Bones of the Hand
• Metacarpals: make up the knuckles of the hand; are the bones of the palm; long bone
• Carpals: connect the hand to forearm; are the bones of the wrist; facilitate positioning of the hand; consist of eight bones: hamate, pisiform, triquetrum, capitate, lunate, trapezoid, trapezium, and the scaphoid
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Joints of the Hand
• Metacarpophalangeal joint: joints of the fingers when the fist is closed; connect the proximal phalanges to the metacarpals; synovial joint with the movements of extension, flexion, and abduction
• Interphalangeal joints: located between the phalanges; hinge joint with only the movements of flexion and extension; contains a fibrous capsule for extra stability and strength
• Basilar Joint: located at the base of the thumb; formed by a small bone in the wrist and the metacarpal of the thumb
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Fingertip and Nail Complex
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Fingertip and Nail Complex
• Sterile Matrix: commonly known as the nail bed; it extends from the lunula to the hyponychium; contains the blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes
• Germinal Matrix: root of the fingernail; located mostly beneath the skin; forms most of the volume of the nail; only visible part is the edge of the germinal matrix (lunula)
• Lunula: white cresent shape structure in the germinal matrix• Eponychium: more commonly known as the cuticle; fuses
together the skin of the finger and the nail bed for a waterproof barrier.
• Nail Plate: this is the actual nail of a finger; composed of keratin; has a pink appearance due to the blood vessels beneath it
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Muscles of the Hand
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Muscles of the hand (as seen in drawing)
• First Dorsal Interossei: four muscles located in the back of the hand; act by spreading the index, middle, and ring fingers away from the hand as well as assist in flexion at the knuckle joints, and extension in the finger joints
• Adductor pollicis: functions to adduct the thumb; fan-shaped and flat; beneath the long flexor tendons and lumbrical muscles, but overlie the metacarpal bones
• Opponens pollicis: functions to oppose the thumb; small triangular muscle
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Muscles of the Hand (as seen in drawing)
• Opponens Digiti Minimi: triangular muscle of the hand; functions to flex and laterally rotate the little finger; innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
• Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: flexes the little finger; a hypothenar muscle; also innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
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The End!
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Works Cited
• "Abductor Muscles and Their Function." Abductor Muscles and Their Function. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013.
• "Basal Joint Arthritis." Orthopedic Specialists of Seattle. Orthopedic Specialists of Seattle, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013.
• Brannan, Heather, MD. "Nail." About.com Dermatology. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • "Carpal Bones." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research,
n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • De Lange, A. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S.
National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • Dery, Bernard. "Bones of the Hand." Bones of the Hand. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • "Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (hand)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Mar. 2013.
Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • " Hand Anatomy." Hand Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013.