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Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5

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Forebrain - Cortex n Gray Matter l Somas and Dendrites (neuron cell bodies) n Organized in layers l some input, some output n Neocortex l 6 layers ~

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Page 1: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Anatomy of theCentral Nervous

SystemLesson 5

Page 2: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Functional Anatomy: CNS

Major Divisions Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain Know structure *name, location &

general function Major fiber systems CNS vs PNS terminology

nucleus vs. ganglion tracts vs. nerves ~

Page 3: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Forebrain - Cortex

Gray Matter Somas and Dendrites (neuron cell

bodies) Organized in layers

some input, some output Neocortex

6 layers ~

Page 4: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Forebrain - Fiber Systems

White Matter - myelinated axons 3 types of fiber systems

Commissural Association Projection ~

Page 5: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Commissural Fibers Interconnect homologous structures in

the two hemispheres Corpus Callosum Anterior and Posterior Hippocampal ~

Page 6: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

AnteriorAnterior

Page 7: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Forebrain Fibers Systems Association Fibers

interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere

Projection Fibers all other *CNS fiber systems Fornix Corticospinal tract Mammillothalamic tract

Naming convention ~

Page 8: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Association

CommissuralProjection

HemispheresLeft Right

Page 9: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Forebrain Subcortical Areas

Diencephalon Surrounds 3rd ventricle

Thalamus sensory and motor relay nuclei

Hypothalamus motivation & emotion ~

Page 10: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Thalamus

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei LGN vision

Medial Geniculate Nuclei MGN audition ~

Page 11: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Hypothalamus

4Fs Feeding Fighting fleeing, and ... mating

Controls the pituitary gland ~

Page 12: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location
Page 13: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Subcortical: Limbic System Emotion; Learning & Memory Structures

Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Hypothalamus Mammilary bodies Olfactory bulbs Fornix ~

Page 14: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Limbic System

Page 15: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Subcortical: Basal Ganglia

3 motor nuclei Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus ~

Striatum

Page 16: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location
Page 17: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location
Page 18: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Midbrain Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum

Superior Colliculi - vision Inferior Colliculi - audition

Tegmentum substantia nigra - motor Reticular formation

sleep/wake cycle many other nuclei ~

Page 19: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location
Page 20: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Cross-section of Tegmentum

Dorsal

Page 21: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

Hindbrain

Cerebellum coordinates movements

Pons Sleep and arousal

Medulla vital functions many cranial nerves ~

Page 22: Anatomy of the Central Nervous System Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS n Major Divisions l Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain l Know structure *name, location

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