anatomy and physiology module details pdf - stat!ref
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction:
Structural Organization:
Body Systems:
Homeostatis:
Anatomical Language:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
1 interactive image
1 illustration
13 interactive images
Principles of homeostasis - 1 narrated animationFeedback systemsNegative feedback systemsPositive feedback systemsHomeostatic imbalances
Anatomical position - 1 interactive 3D modelAnatomical areas - 1 interactive 3D modelAnatomical directions - 1 interactive 3D modelAnatomical planes - 1 interactive 3D modelMajor body cavities - 1 interactive 3D modelRegions of the abdomen - 1 interactive 3D modelQuadrants of the abdomen - 1 interactive 3D model
Meckel’s diverticulumSciaticaSitus inversusNeural tube defects (Spina bifida)Cleft lip and palateHorseshoe kidney (Resource section)
DermatomesGunshot woundAbdominal painEndocrine system tumorsBody fluid infectionsHomeostasisAgingStructural organization
Common signsCauses
27 questions
BODY PLAN
Introduction:
Chemical composition:
Chemical bonds:
Energy Transfer:
Compounds & mixtures:
Acids, bases, and salts:
Carbohydrates:
Proteins:
Nucleic acids:
ATP:
Clinical:
1 illustration
Chemical composition of the body - 1 illustrationOrganization of matter - 1 illustrationAtomic structure - 1 illustrationRepresentations of atomic structure - 1 illustration
Chemical bonds - 1 illustrationMolecules and ions - 1 illustrationTypes of bond - 1 illustration and 2 narrated animations
Energy transfer - 1 illustrationReaction rates and activation energy - 1 illustration
Mixtures - 3 illustrationsWater - 1 illustration
pH - 1 illustrationAcids - 1 illustrationBases - 1 illustrationSalts - 1 illustration
Carbohydrates - 1 illustrationStructure of carbohydrates - 3 illustrations
Proteins - 1 illustrationAmino acids - 1 illustrationPolypeptides - 1 illustrationProteins and levels of structural organization - 4 illustrationsTypes of proteins - 1 illustration, 1 interactive 3D model,
1 illustration and 3 interactive images
Nucleic acids - 1 interactive imageDNA - 1 illustration
ATP - 1 narrated animation
HyperlipidemiaGilbert’s syndromePhenylketonuria (PKU)Acute intermittent porphyriaPyloric stenosis (Resource section)
CHEMISTRY
continued over
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Blood testsRadiotherapyGiardiaLack of menstrual periodsDiabetesProteinNucleic acidAcid-base salts
Digestive systemMuscular systemNervous systemMetabolism changes
55 questions
CHEMISTRY
Introduction:
Plasma membrane:
Membrane transport:
Cytoplasm:
Cell division:
DNA replication and protein synthesis:
Clinical:
Clinical:
1 interactive 3D image
Plasma membrane - 1 interactive 3D imageLipid bilayer - 4 interactive 3D imagesMembrane proteins - 8 interactive 3D imagesProperties of the plasma membrane
Membrane transport - 1 illustrationPassive transport: diffusion - 1 illustrationSimple diffusion - 1 illustrationFacilitated diffusion - 2 illustrationsOsmosis - 1 illustrationTonicity - 1 narrated animationSecondary active transport - 3 illustrationsPrimary active transport - 1 illustrationVesicular transport - 1 illustration and 4 narrated illustrations
Cytosol - 1 interactive 3D imageNucleus - 1 interactive 3D imageOrganelles - 10 interactive 3D images
Cell division - 1 illustrationSomatic cell division - 1 narrated illustrationMitosis - 1 narrated animation, 10 illustrationsControl of cell divisionReproductive cell division - 1 narrated animation, 10 illustrations
DNA replication and protein synthesis - 1 illustrationDNA replication - 1 illustrationProtein synthesis - 1 narrated animation Transcription - 1 illustrationTranslation - 1 illustration
Carbohydrates - 1 illustrationStructue of carbohydrates - 3 illustrations
CancerTay-Sachs diseaseCystic FibrosisDown’s SyndromeTwins (Resource section)
CELL BIOLOGY
continued over
Case studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
EczemaIsotonic saline administrationPotassium cyanide poisoningWound infectionBreast cancerTriploidyImmotile ciliaRibosome functionPhagocytosis
Free radicalsShortening telomeres
27 questions
CELL BIOLOGY
Introduction:
Histological techniques:
Epithelium:
Glands:
Connective tissue:
Muscle tissue:
Nervous tissue:
1 illustration
Histological techniques - 9 illustrationsThe microscope - 4 illustrations
Epithelium - 1 illustrationCovering and lining epithelium - 6 interactive imagesSimple epithelium - 4 interactive images, 4 histology images
and 4 interactive 3D modelsStratified epithelium - 4 interactive images, 4 histology image
and 4 interactive 3D modelsPseudostratified epithelium - 1 interactive image,
1 histology image and 1 interactive 3D modelSummary
Glands - 3 illustrations, 2 histology images and3 interactive 3D models
Exocrine glands - 1 illustration, 1 interactive image, 1 3D modelStructural classification of multicellular exocrine glands -
8 illustrationsFunctional classification of exocine glands -
3 interactive 3D models
Support cells - 3 interactive imagesExtracellular matrix - 3 histology imagesConnective tissue classificationLoose connective tissue - 3 histology imagesDense connective tissue - 3 histology images and
3 interactive 3D modelsCartilage - 3 histology images and 3 interactive 3D modelsBone - 2 histology images and 4 interactive 3D modelsLiquid connective tissue - 2 interactive images
Muscle tissue - 3 interactive images, 3 histoloy images and4 interactive 3D models
Nervous tissue - 1 interactive image, 2 histology images and3 interactive 3D models
HISTOLOGY
continued over
Membranes:
Tissue repair:
Clinical:
Case studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Membranes - 4 interactive images, 4 interactiave 3D models
Tissue repair - 3 interactive 3D models and 1 interactive 3D image
Cervical cancerMelanomaMarfan’s syndromeAbscessTBLipoma (Resource section)
Prostate gland biopsyEpithelia of the gastrointestinal tractMeniscus injuryAnal canal cancerParotid gland infectionFibrolipomaNeural cells
Epithelial tissueConnective tissueMuscle tissueNervous tissue
39 questions
HISTOLOGY
Introduction:
Gross anatomy of skin:
Microscopic anatomy ofthe epidermis:
Accessory stucturesof the skin:
General functions ofthe skin:
Skin wound healing:
Clinical:
1 interactive 3D model
Gross anatomy of the skin - 1 interactive 3D modelSkin color - 1 interactive image
Microscopic anatomy of the epidermis - 1 illustrationCells of the epidermis - 1 illustrationLayers of the epidermisTypes of skinGrowth and keratinization - 1 illustration
Accessory structures of the skin - 1 interactive 3D modelSkin glands - 1 interactive 3D imageHistology images - 2 histology imagesHair - 2 interactive 3D imagesNail - 1 interactive 3D modelSensory receptors - 1 interactive 3D modelTactile sensationThermoreceptionPain - 1 interactive 3D model
General functions of the skin - 1 interactive 3D modelThermoregulation - 1 illustration
Skin wound healing - 1 narrated animationEpidermal wound healingDeep wound healing
Common wart (verucca vulgaris)Skin cancerAcne vulgarisBurnsPsoriasisBitiligo (Resource section)
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
continued over
Case studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
BurnsRicketsSebaceous gland cystSkin abrasionPainNailBasal cell CarcinomaHypothermia
Longer healing timeLess padding and temperature controlThinner, dryer skin
28 questions
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Introduction:
Microanatomy of boneand cartilage:
Gross anatomy of bone:
Embryonic bone formation:
Bone growth, repair,and remodeling:
Organization of skeletaltissue:
Skull:
1 interactive 3D model
Microanatomy of bone and cartilage - 1 interactive 3D modelTypes of cells in bone tissue - 4 illustrationsBone matrix - 1 interactive 3D modelCompact bone - 1 illustrationHistology images - 1 histology imageSpongy bone - 1 illustrationHistology images - 1 histology imageCartilage - 1 illustration, 3 histology images and
3 interactive 3D models
Gross anatomy of bone - 1 interactive imageAnatomy of long bones - 1 interactive 3D modelAnatomy of flat bones - 1 interactive 3D modelBlood and nerve supply - 1 interactive image
Endochondral ossification - 1 narrated animationIntramembranous ossification - 4 illustrations
Bone growth - 1 illustrationBone fracture - 1 illustrationBone repair - 1 illustrationBone remodeling - 5 illustrationsFactors affecting bone growth and remodelingControl of blood calcium - 1 illustration
Organization of skeletal tissue - 1 interactive 3D modelAxial/Appendicular skeleton - 1 interactive 3D modelClassification of bones - 1 interactive 3D modelBony features - 3 interactive 3D models
Skull - 3 interactive 3D modelsCranial bones - 6 interactive 3D modelsFacial bones - 9 interactive 3D modelsSuturesParanasal sinuses - 1 interactive 3D modelFormina
SKELETAL SYSTEM
continued over
Vertebral column:
Upper limb:
Lower limb:
Joints:
Clinical:
Vertical column - 5 interactive 3D modelsThoracic cage - 1 interactive 3D modelRibs - 3 interactive 3D models
Bones of the upper limb - 1 interactive 3D modelBones of the pectoral girdle and arm - 1 interactive 3D modelBones of the forearm - 1 interactive 3D modelBones of the hand - 1 interactive 3D model
Bones of the lower limb - 1 interactive 3D modelBones of the pelvic girdle and thigh - 1 interactive 3D modelBones of the leg - 1 interactive 3D modelBones of the foot - 1 interactive 3D model
Fibrous joints - 3 interactive 3D modelsCartilaginous joints - 2 interactive 3D modelsHistology images - 2 histology imagesSynovial joints - 1 interactive 3D modelTypes of synovial joints - 1 interactive 3D modelMovements of synovial joints - 12 interactive 3D modelsTemporomandibular joint - 1 interactive 3D modelShoulder joint - 1 interactive 3D modelElbow joint - 1 interactive 3D modelHip joint - 1 interactive 3D modelKnee joint - 1 interactive 3D modelSummary of the major joints of the body -
10 interactive 3D models
Bone metastasisRheumatoid arthritisOsteoporosisOsteoarthritisBunionsPaget’s disease
SKELETAL SYSTEM
continued
Case studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Skull fracture and shoulder dislocationOsteoporosisWrist fractureCeliac diseaseOsteoarthritisHuman growth hormoneTibia fractureVertical columnSkull bones and foramenFemur and hip bone fractures
BoneJoints
53 questions
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Introduction:
Anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers:
Physiology of skeletalmuscle fibers:
Contraction ofskeletal muscle:
Classification ofskeletal muscle:
Actions of skeletal muscles:
Muscles of the head:
3 interactive 3D models
Anatomy and microanatomy of skeletal muscle fibers -1 interactive 3D model
Sarcomere - 1 illustration and 1 interactive 3D imageHistology images - 1 histology imageContractile proteins - 3 interactive 3D imagesRegulatory proteins - 2 interactive 3D imagesStructural proteins - 3 interactive 3D imagesSliding filament mechanism - 2 interactive 3D images
Neuromuscular junction - 1 interactive 3D imageSequence of events at the neuromuscular junction -
1 narrated animationExcitation-contraction coupling junction -
1 narrated animationMuscle contraction cycle junction - 1 narrated animation
Motor unit - 1 illustrationTwitch contractions - 1 illustration, 2 interactive 3D modelsFrequency of stimulation - 1 illustrationClassification of skeletal muscle contractionsSkeletal muscle metabolism - 1 narrated animationLength-tension relationship - 1 illustrationFunctional types of sekeltal muscle fibersSummary of sekeltal muscle fiber types
Fascicular arrangement of skeletal muscles -13 interactive 3D models
Nomenclature of skeletal muscles - 1 interactive 3D model
Actions of skeletal muscles - 1 illustrationLever systems - 3 illustrationsCo-ordination of movement - 3 animations without audioCompartments - 1 interactive 3D model
Muscles of the head - 1 interactive 3D modelMuscles of facial expression - 1 interactive 3D model,
18 interactive 3D images, 5 animations without audioMuscles of mastication - 1 interactive 3D model,
11 Interactive 3D images, 5 animations without audio
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
continued over
Muscles of the neck:
Muscles of the back:
Muscles of the trunk:
Muscles of the upper limb:
Muscles of the neck - 1 interactive 3D modelFlexors of the neck - 2 interactive images,
2 animations without audioExtensors of the neck - 3 interactive images,
3 animations without audio
Muscles of the back - 1 interactive 3D modelErector spinae - 9 interactive images,
7 animations without audioTransversospinalis - 4 interactive images,
4 animations without audioSuperficial muscles - 3 interactive images,
1 animation without audio
Muscles of the trunk - 1 interactive 3D modelMuscles of the abdomen - 1 interactive 3D model,
4 interactive images, 3 animations without audio,1 interactive dissection image
Muscles of respiration - 1 interactive 3D model, 3 interactive images, 3 animations without audio
The diaphragm - 1 interactive 3D model, 1 interactive image,1 animation without audio, 1 interactive dissection image
Muscles of the male pelvie floor - 1 interactive 3D model,7 interactive images
Muscles of the female pelvic floor - 1 interactive 3D model,8 interactive images, 3 animations without audio,1 interactive dissection image
Muscles of the upper limb - 1 interactive 3D modelMuscles connecting the upper limb to the trunk -
1 interactive 3D model, 7 interactive images,6 animations without audio
Muscles of the shoulder - 1 interactive 3D model,7 interactive images, 4 animations without audio,1 interactive dissection image
Muscles of the arm - 1 interactive 3D model,3 interactive images, 3 animations without audio
Muscles of the forearm - 1 interactive 3D model,20 interactive images, 12 animations without audio
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
continued
Muscles of thelower limb:
Cardiac and smooth muscle:
Clinical:
Case studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Muscles of the hand - 1 interactive 3D model,10 interactive images, 3 animations without audio
Compartments of the upper limb - 1 interactive 3D model
Muscles of the lower limb - 1 interactive 3D modelMuscles of the hip - 1 interactive 3D model,
11 interactive images, 7 animations without audioMuscles of the thigh - 1 interactive 3D model,
13 interactive images, 11 animations without audioMuscles of the leg - 1 interactive 3D model,
12 interactive images, 8 animations without audio,1 interactive dissection image
Muscles of the foot - 1 interactive 3D model,12 interactive images, 2 animations without audio
Compartments of the lower limb - 1 interactive 3D model
Cardiac muscle - 3 interactive 3D images, 1 histology imageSmooth muscle tissue - 1 interactive 3D image,
1 histology image
Duchenne muscular dystrophyRotator cuff tearCompartment syndromeMyasthenia gravisTendonitisCardiomyopathy (Resource section)
AnesthesiaCalcium Channel defectRadial nerve injuryAnterior compartment injuryCerebral palsyCardiac muscleAbdominal wall and surgeryMuscles of facial expression and mastication
Diminished size and strengthReduced enduranceLonger healing time
61 questions
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Introduction:
Organization of thenervous system:
Nervous tissue:
Action potentials:
Synapses:
Sensory receptors:
Brain:
1 interactive 3D model
Central nervous system - 2 interactive 3D modelsPeripheral nervous system - 4 interactive 3D models
Neurons - 1 interactive 3D modelHistology images - 1 histology imageClassification of neurons - 3 interactive 3D modelsNeuroglia - 5 interactive images, 1 histsology imageNeuroglia of the PNS - 1 interactive imageMyelination - 2 interactive imagesNervous tissue - 4 interactive 3D modelsAnatomy of a nerve - 1 interactive 3D model, 1 histology image
Ion channels - 1 interactive image, 4 illustrationsResting membrane potential - 1 narrated illustrationGraded potentialsGeneration of action potentials - 1 narrated animationPropagation of an action potential - 1 narrated animationSpeed of propagation
Electrical synapses - 1 interactive imageChemical synapses - 1 interactive imageAction potential crossing a neuromuscular synapse -
narrated animationNeurotransmitters - 4 illustrationsSpatial and temporal summation of postsynaptic potentials -
1 narrated illustration and 1 illustrationSummary of neurotransmitters
Sensory receptors - 2 interactive images, 1 interactive 3D model
Brain - 1 interactive 3D modelBrainstem - 1 interactive 3D modelDiencephalon - 1 interactive 3D modelCerebellum - 1 interactive 3D modelCerebrum - 1 interactive 3D modelMotor and sensory homunculi - 1 interactive 3D modelBasal ganglia - 1 interactive 3D model
NERVOUS SYSTEM
continued over
Meninges and CSF:
Cranial nerves:
Spinal cord:
Spinal nerves:
Lymbic system - 1 interactive 3D modelBrain wavesSleep Learning and memory
Meninges - 1 interactive 3D model, 1 interactive dissection slide
Dural folds and sinuses - 1 interactive 3D model and1 interactive dissection slide
Blood brain barrier - 1 interactive 3D modelCerebrospinal fluid - 1 narrated animation and
1 interactive 3D modelFlow of cerebrospinal fluid - 1 illustration and
1 interactive 3D model
Cranial nerves - 1 interactive 3D modelOlfactory nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelOptic nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelOculomotor nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelTrochlear nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelTrigeminal nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelAbducens nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelFacial nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelVestibulocochler nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelGlossopharyngeal nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelVagus nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelAccessory nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelHypoglossal nerve - 1 interactive 3D model
Spinal cord - 1 interactive 3D model and1 interactive dissection slide
Cross section of the spinal cord - 1 interactive 3D modelTracts of the spinal cord - 1 interactive 3D model
Spinal nerves - 1 interactive 3D modelCervical plexus - 1 interactive 3D modelPhrenic nerave - 1 interactive 3D modelAnsa cervicalis - 1 interactive 3D modelGreat auricular nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelLesser occipitalnerve - 1 interactive 3D modelSupraclavicular nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelTransverse cervical nerve - 1 interactive 3D model
NERVOUS SYSTEM
continued
Reflexes:
Autonomic nervous system:
Clinical:
Brachial plexus - 1 interactive 3D modelAxillary nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelRadial nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelMusculocutaneous nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelUlnar nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelMedian nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection slideLumbar plexus - 1 interactive 3D modelFemoral nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelObturator nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelIliohypogastric nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelIlio-inguinal nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelGenitofemoral nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelLateral femoral cutaneous nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection slideSacral and coccygeal plexuses - 1 interactive 3D modelCommon fibular nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelTibular nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelSuperior gluteal nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelPosterior femoral cutaneous merve - 1 interactive 3D modelPudendal nerve - 1 interactive 3D modelCoccygeal nerve - 1 interactive 3D model
Reflexes - 1 narrated animationReflex arc - 1 narrated animationStretch reflex - 1 narrated animationTendon reflex - 1 narrated animationFlexor reflex - 1 narrated animationExtensor reflex - 1 narrated animation
Autonomic nervous system - 1 illustrationSympathetic nervous system - 1 interactive 3D modelParasympathetic nervous system - 1 interactive 3D model
StrokeParkinson’s diseaseCarpal tunnel syndromeMultiple SclerosisEpilepsyBell’s Palsy (Resource section)
NERVOUS SYSTEM
continued over
Case studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
StrokeHearing lossBrain tumourLoss of taste sensationNose fractureChanges in eyesightInfectionMotion sicknessMeniere’s diseaseConjunctival infection
Changing sightHearing lossAltered sense of balance or equilibriumDiminished sense of taste and smell
60 questions
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction:
The olfactory apparatus:
Olfaction (smell):
The taste buds:
Gustation (taste):
The eye:
Vision:
Accessory structuresof vision:
The ear: autitory apparatus:
Hearing:
1 illustration
Gross anatomy review: olfaction - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of olfactory epithelium - 1 interactive image
Olfaction transduction - 1 narrated animationOlfactory pathway - 3 interactive 3D models
The taste buds - 1 interactive 3D modelLingual Papillae - 1 interactive image and
1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interative dissection imageMicroanatomy of a taste bud - 1 interactive image
Gustatory transduction - 1 narrated animationGustatory Pathway - 8 interactive 3D models
The eye, tunicae and optial structures - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the retina - 1 interactive imageMicroanatomy of photoreceptors - 2 interactive images
Image formation - 3 illustrationsRefraction abnoromalities - 4 illustrationsVisual processing - 1 narrated animationVisual pathway - 1 illustration
Lacrimal apparatus - 1 interactive 3D modelExtrinsic eye muscles - 1 interactive 3D model
The ear: auditory apparatus - 1 interactive 3D modelExternal ear - 1 interactive 3D modelMiddle ear - 1 interactive 3D modelInner ear - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the cochlear duct and organ of Corti -
1 interactive 3D model
Hearing - 1 interactive 3D modelAuditory transmission - 1 narrated animation*Auditory transduction - 1 narrated animation*Auditory pathway - 2 interactive 3D models
SPECIAL SENSES
continued over
The ear:equilibrium apparatus:
Equilibrium:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
The ear: Equilibrium apparatus - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of maculae - 2 interactive imagesDynamic equilibriumMicroanatomy of crista ampullaris - 1 interactive 3D model*
Equilibrium - 1 narrated animationEquilibrium pathway - 1 interactive 3D model
CataractGlaucomaGlue earLabyrinthitisAcoustic neuromaTemporal arteritis (Resource section)
StrokeHearing lossBrain tumourLoss of taste sensationNose fractureChanges in eyesightinffectionmotion sicknesMeniere’s diseaseConjunctival Infection
Changing sightHearing lossAltered sense of balance or equilibriumDiminished sense of taste and smell
60 questions
SPECIAL SENSES
Introduction:
Hormones:
Hypothalamus andpituitary gland:
Thyroid andparathyroid glands:
Suprarenal glands:
Pancreas:
1 interactive 3D model and 2 illustrations
Hormones - 2 illustrationsClassification of hormones - 3 illustrationsActions of water soluble hormones - 1 narrated animationActions of lipid soluble hormones - 1 narrated illustration
Hypothalamus - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the hypothalamus - 1 interactive imagePituitary gland - 1 interactive 3D modelAnterior and posterior pituitary gland - 3 interactive imagesVascular connections of the hypothalamic-pituitary axisHormones of the pituitary gland - 1 illustrationHormones of the anterior pituitry gland - 5 illustrationsControl of the anterior pituitary gland - 2 illustrationsHormones of the posterior pituitary glandControl of the anteriior pituitary glandSummary
Thyroid gland - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the thyroid gland - 1 illustrationHistology images - 1 histology imageHormones of the thyroid gland - 1 illustrationParathyroid gland - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the parathyroid glands - 1 illustrationHormones of the parathyroid glandHistology images - 1 histology imageCalcium homeostasis - 1 illustrationSummary
Gross anatomy of suprarenal glands - 1 interactive 3D modeMicroanatomy of the suprarenal glands - 2 illustrationsHistology images - 1 histology imageHormones of the suprarenal glandsSummary
Gross anatomy of the pancreas - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the pancreas - 3 illustrationsDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageHistology images - 1 histology imageHormones of the pancreas - 1 illustrationSummary
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
continued over
Gonads:
Other endocrine glandsand tissues:
Stress response:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Gross anatomy of the testis - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the testes - 4 interative imagesHistology images - 1 histology imageHormones of the testesGross anatomy of the ovaries - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the ovaries - 4 interactive imagesHormones of the ovariesSummary
Pineal gland - 1 interactive 3D modelThymus - 1 interactive 3D modelGastrointestnal tract - 1 interactive 3D modelPlacenta - 1 illustrationKidneys - 1 interactive 3D modelHeart - 1 interactive 3D modelSkin - 1 interactive 3D modelFatEicosanoids and growth factors
Hormones of the stress response - 1 narrated illustration
Cushing syndromeHyperparathyroidismAcromegalyAddison’s diseaseDiabetes MellitusPhaechromocytoma (Resource section)
Pituitary tumorHyperthyroidismDiabetes mellitusCushing syndromeAntidiuretic hormonePsychological stress responsesSuprarenal glandsResistance reactions and homeostasis
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
continued
Aging:
Quiz:
Declining reproductive hormonesDeclining growth hormoneDecreasing control of blood glucoseDeclining aldosterone levels
50 questions
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Introduction:
Characteristics andcoomponents of blood:
Formation of blood cells:
Red blood cells:
Blood groups:
White blood cells:
Homeostasis:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
1 interactive image
Characteristics and components of blood - 1 interactive imageBlood plasmaFormed elements - 3 interactive images
Formation of blood cells - 1 interactive imageErythropoiesis - 1 narrated animation and 6 illustrationsLeukopoiesis - 1 narrated animation and 5 illustrationsHomopoietic growth factors
Red blood cells - 1 interactive image and 1 illustrationRed blood cell life cycle
Blood groups - 1 narrated animationABO blood groups - 1 illustrationRh blood groupsTransfusion reaction
White blood cells - 6 interactive images
Homeostasis - 1 narrated animationControl of blood clotting
AnemiaHemophiliaLeukemiaSickle cell diseaseThalassaemiaPolycythaemia (Resource section)
ErythropoietinBlood groupsPlateletsLeukemiaMalariaHemostasisSepsisBlood plasma
BLOOD
continued over
Aging:
Quiz:
Formation of blood cellsRed blood cellsWhite blood cellsBlood clotting
40 questions
BLOOD
Introduction:
Heart:
Cardiac muscle:
Conduction system:
Cardiac cycle:
Cardiac output:
Blood vessels:
Blood flow andpressure:
Circulatory pathways:
1 interactive image
Heart - 1 interactive 3D modelPosition of the heart - 1 interactive 3D modelPericardium - 1 interactive 3D modelChambers of the heart - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageValves of the heart - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection image
Cardiac muscle - 3 interactive 3D imagesHistology images - 1 histology image
Autorhythmic cells - 1 interactive 3D modelMembrane potentials - 1 narrated illustrationMembrane potentials of autorhythmic cells - 1 illustrationElectrocardiogram (ECG) - 1 illustration, 1 narrated animation
Cardiac cycle - 1 narraged animation, 1 narrated illustrationHeart sounds - 1 narrated animation
Cardiac output - 1 narrated illustration
Blood vessels - 4 interactive 3D modelsVessel types and blood flow - 1 illustrationHistology images - 1 histology imageMicroanatomy of capillaries and capillary exchange -
4 interactive imagesCapillary exchange mechanisms - 1 narrated illustration
Blood flow and pressure - 1 illustrationRegulation of bloos pressure and flow - 1 narrated illustrationShock and homeostasisHomeostatic response to shock
Systemic circulation - 1 interactive 3D modelCoronary circulation - 1 interactive 3D modelPulmonary circulation - 1 interactive 3D modelHepatic portal system - 1 interactive 3D modelFetal circulation - 1 illustration
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
continued over
Vessels of the trunk:
Vessles of head and neck:
Vessels of the limbs:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Arteries of the thorax - 1 interactive 3D modelVessels of the abdomen - 1 interactive 3D modelVessels of the pelvis - 1 interactive 3D model
Vessels of head and neck - 1 interactive 3D model
Vessels of the upper limbs - 4 interactive 3D modelsVessels of the lower limbs - 5 interactive 3D models
ArrhythmiasIschemic heart diseaseVaricose veinsAortic aneurysmCyanotic congenital heart diseaseDVT (Resource section)
Pericardial cavity punctureAtheromaElectrocardiogram traceAortic valve incompetenceHypertensionEdema and heart failureFetal circulationCoarctation of the aortaCardiac output during exercise
Changes in the heartAlteration in blood flow
59 questions
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Introduction:
Vessels and circulation:
Organs and tissues:
Principles of immunity:
Innate immunity:
Adaptive immunity:
Antibody-mediatedimmune response:
Cell-mediatedimmune response:
1 interactive 3D model
Vessels and circulation - 1 interactive 3D modelLymphatic capillaries - 1 narrated illustrationLymphatic drainage - 1 narrated illustration, 1 illustrationsLymphatic vessels - 5 interactive 3D modelsLymphatic circulation
Organs and tissues - 1 interactive 3D modelBone marrow - 1 interactive 3D modelThymus gland - 1 interactive 3D modelLymph nodes - 1 interactive imageSpleen - 1 interactive 3D modelDiffuse lymphatic tissue - 3 interactive 3D models
Principles of immunity - 1 interactive image
Innate immunity - 1 interactive 3D modelCells of the innate immune system - 8 interactive imagesSkin and mucous membranesAntimicrobial substances - 1 illustrationNatural killer cells - 1 interactive imagePhagocytes and phagocytosis - 1 narrated illustrationInflammation - 1 illustration, 3 interactive imagesFever - 1 illustration
Adaptive immunity - 1 interactive imageCells of the adaptive immune system - 3 interactive imagesB and T-cell maturation - 2 interactive imagesClonal selectionAntigens - 1 interactive imageMajor histocompatibility complexAntigen processing
Antibody-mediated immune response - 1 narrated animationActivation of B-cellsAntibodies (immunoglobulins) - 1 interactive image
Cell-mediated immune response - 1 narrated animationActivation of T-cellsEffector response
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
continued over
Immunological memory:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Primary and secondary immune responseActive and passive immunity
Anaphylactic shockAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)LymphomasSevere Combined ImmunodeficiencyLymphoedemaSystemic lupus erythematosus (Resource section)
Stomach cancerDi George syndromeInnate immunityComplement systemLymphatic systemInfected woundOrgan donation rejectionImmunizationHIV infection
Atrophy of the thymusOther immune changes
47 questions
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
Introduction:
Upper respiratory tract:
Lower respiratory tract:
Voice production:
Pulmonary ventilation:
Lung volumes and capacities:
Respiratory membraneand gas exchange:
Control of respiration:
Clinical:
1 interactive 3D model
Nasal cavity and pharynx - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageParanasal sinuses - 1 interactive 3D model
Lower respiratory tract - 1 interactive 3D modelLarynx - 1 interactive 3D modelBronchial tree - 1 interactive 3D model and
2 interactive imagesLungs - 1 interactive 3D modelPleura - 1 interactive 3D modelAlveoli - 1 interactive image
Moving the vocal folds - 1 interactive 3D modelMuscles of ventilation - 1 interactive 3D model,
1 interactive image, 3 animations without audio
Pulmonary ventilation - 1 narrated animationBoyle’s law - 1 narrated animationFactors affecting pulmonary ventilation
Lung volumes nd capacities - 1 narrated illustration
Alveolar wall - 1 interactive imageCapillary wall - 1 interactive imagePartial pressure and gas laws - 2 narrated illustrationsExternal respiration - 1 narrated animationInternal respiration - 1 narrated animationOxygen and carbon dioxide transport - 2 narrated illustrations
Respiratory center - 1 narrated illustrationControl of the respiratory center - 1 narrated illustration
AsthmaPneumoniaPneumothoraxLung cancerPulmonary embolus (PE)Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Resource section)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
continued over
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
PneumoniaChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)PneumothoraxHemoglobin and oxygen transportHemoglobin oxygenationOxygen dissociation curveAsthmaLarynxPhrenic nerve injuryControl of respiratory rate
ComplianceLoss of ciliary actionAlveolar enlargement
62 questions
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Introduction:
Oral cavity:
Pharynx and esophagus:
Stomach:
Pancreas:
Liver and gallbladder:
1 interactive 3D model
Salivary glands - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of a salivary gland - 1 interactive image*Histology images - 1 histology imageSalivationTongue - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageTeeth - 1 interactive 3D modelTooth structure - 1 interactive 3D modelMastication - 1 interactive 3d model, 4 interactive images,
and 2 animations without audio
Pharynx and esophagus - 3 interactive 3D modelsDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageEsophagus - 1 interactive 3D modelHistology images - 1 histology imageSwallowing (deglutition) - 1 narrated animation
Gross anatomy of the stomach - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the stomach - 1 interactive 3D modelEpithelium of the stomach - 1 illustrationStomach function - 1 narrated animationHistology images - 1 histology imageChemical digestion in the stomach - 1 narrated animation
Gross anatomy of the pancreas - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageMicroanatomy of the pancreas - 1 interactive 3D modelPancreatic juiceHistology images - 1 histology image
Liver - 1 interactive 3D imageDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imagHistology of the liver - 1 interactive image* and 1 illustration*Histology images - 1 histology imageDigestive functions of the liver - 1 interactive 3D model and
1 illustrationGallbladder and biliary tree - 1 ineractive 3D model
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
continued over
Small intestine:
Large Intestine:
Chemical digestionand absorption:
Neural and hormonaregulation:
Clinical:
Case studies:
Gross anatomy of small intestine - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageMicroanatomy of the small intestine - 1 illustrationEpithelium of the small intestine - 1 illustrationHistology images - 1 histology imageBrush border - 1 illustration
Gross anatomy of the large intestine: 1 interactive 3D modeland 1 illustration
Microanatomy of the large intestine - 1 interactive imageEpithelium of the large intestine - 1 interactive imageHistology images - 1 histology imageCompactionDefecation - 1 narrated animation*Peritoneium - 1 interactive 3D model
Chemical digestion - 4 interactive 3D modelsAbsorption - 1 narrated illustration
Neural and hormonal regulation - 1 interactive 3D modelNeural regulation of salivationNeural and hormonal regulation of gastric secretions -
1 narrated illustration and 1 illustrationControl of gastric emptying - 1 narrated illustration
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)Peptic ulcer diseaseAppendicitisHerniaCeliac diseaseGallstones (Resource section)
HerniaCeliac diseaseStomach ulcerDiarrheaLactose intolerancePancreatic secretions and blockagePharynx and esophageal sphincter
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Aging:
Quiz:
Liver functionColon
Declining ingestionDeclining movementDeclining digestion/absorptionDeclining repair
49 questions
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Introduction:
Metabolic reactions:
Energy transfer:
Carbohydrate metabolism:
Pulmonary ventilation:
Glycolysis:
Acetyl coenzyme A formation and the
Krebs cycle:
Electron transport chain:
Lipid metbolism:
Protein metabolism:
1 illustration
Metabolic reactions - 1 illustrationAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) - 1 illustrationEnzymes - 1 illustration
Energy transferOxidation and reduction (redox) reactions - 1 illustrationsCoupling of redox reactions - 4 illustrationsATP generation - 1 narrated animation*
Carbohydrate metabolism - 1 illustrationGlucose catabolism: cellular respiration - 2 illustrationsGlucose anabolism: glycogenesis - 1 illustrationGlucose catabolism: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis -
2 illustrations
Moving the vocal folds - 3 animations without audioPitch - 2 animations without audio
Glucolysis - 1 narrated animation
Acetyl coenzyme A formation - 1 narrated illustrationKrebs cycle - 1 narrated animation
Electron transport chain - 1 narrated animationMicroanatomy of electron transport chain -
4 interactive images
Lipid metabolism - 1 illustrationLipid catabolism: lipolysis - 1 illustrationLipid anabolism: lipogenesis - 1 illustration
Protein metabolism - 1 illustrationProtein catabolism - 1 illustrationProtein anatolism: protein synthesis - 1 illustration
METABOLISM
continued over
Metabolic adaptations:
Nutrition:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
Absorptive state - 1 illustrationPost absorptive state - 1 illustration
1 interactive 3D model
Lactose intoleranceVitamin D deficiencyGlucose 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencyObesityThyroid gland disordersGout (Resource section)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiencyOxygen insufficiencyDiabetesBlood lipid profileStarvationBody temperature increaseAnabolism and catabolismGlycolysis and phosphofructokinase deficiencyBasal metabolic rate and satiety
Changes in the mitochondriaLoss of muscle massDeclininc activity levelsHormonal changes
62 questions
METABOLISM
Introduction:
Gross anatomy of thekidneys:
Microanatomy of thekidneys:
Functional processes ofurine formation:
Regulation of urineformation:
Urine concentrationand volume:
1 interactive 3D model
Gross anatomy of the kidneys - 2 interactive 3D modelsDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageBlood supply to the kidneys - 1 interactive 3D model,
1 interactive 3D imageDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageNerve supply to the kidneys - 1 interactive 3D model
Renal corpuscle - 4 interactive images, 1 histology imageRenal tubule - 7 interactive imagesHistology images - 1 histology imageBlood supply to the nephron - 1 interactive image
Functional processes of urine formation - 1 narrated illustration
Glomerular filtration - 1 illustrationFiltration membrane - 1 interactive imageTubular reabsorption - 1 narrated illustration, 14 illustrationsTubular secretionReabsorption and secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule-
1 interactive image, 8 illustrationsReabsorption and secretion in the loop of Henle -
2 interactive images, 3 illustrationsReabsorption and secretion in the distal convoluted tubule and
collecting duct - 2 interactive images, 9 illustrationsSummary
Regulation of glomerular filtrateIntrinsic control (renal autoregulation) - 1 illustrationMyogenic autoregulation - 1 illustrationTubuloglomerular autoregulation - 1 illustrationExtrinsic control - 1 illustrationRegulation of reabsorption and secretion
Urine concentration and volume - 1 interactive imageCountercurrent multiplicationCountercurrent exchange - 1 narrated animationFormation of dilute and concentrated urine -
1 narrated animation
URINARY SYSTEM
continued over
Urine transport, storage,and micturition:
Evaluation of kidneyfunction:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
The ureters - 1 interactive 3D modelUrinary bladder - 2 interactive 3D modelsThe urethra - 2 interactive 3D modelsInnervation and control of the urinary bladder -
1 narrated illustration
Evaluation of kidney function - 1 interactive 3D modelBlood testsRenal plasma clearanceRenal plasma flow
Kidney stonesRenal failureUrinary tract infections (utis)Polycystic kidney diseaseBladder cancerPyelonephritis (Resource section)
Acute renal failureDehydrationHigh blood pressureEnlarged prostate glandCardiac failureAlcohol-related cirrhosisRenal tumorAge-related urinary system problemsType 1 diabetes and glucose reabsorption in the kidney
Decreased filtration rateIncontinence/retentionFluid blanace challenges
44 questions
URINARY SYSTEM
Introduction:
Major fluid compartments:
Regulation ofwater balance:
Composition of fluidcomparatments:
pH, buffer systems,and compensation:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Aging:
Quiz:
1 interactive 3D model
Major fluid compartments - 1 illustration, 3 interactive images, 1 illustration, 6 interactive 3D models
Barriers - 1 interactive images
Body water balance - 1 illustrationMechanism of water regulation - 2 illustrations,
1 narrated animationBody water imbalance
Composition of fluid compartments - 1 illustrationElectrolyte balance - 1 interactive image
pH - 3 illustrationsBuffer systems - 1 narrated animationCompensation - 1 illustrationRespiratory compensation - 1 illustration
Diabetes insipidusHyponatremiaMetabolic acidosisHypercalcaemiaDiabetic KetoacidosisHyperkalaemia (resource section)
Fluid intakeBlood calcium levelsBlood pH levesHyperventilationChronic renal failureBody fluid compartmentsBody fluid compartment compositionDehydration and regulation of body water levels
DehydrationElectrolyte imbalance
24 questions
FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE
Introduction:
Testes andspermatogenesis:
Male reproductiveducts and glands:
Male external genitalia:
Ovaries and oogenesis:
Female reproductivetract:
Female external genitalia:
2 interactive 3D models
Testes and spermatogenesis - 1 interactive 3D modelGros anatomy of the testes - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the seminiferous tubules -
3 interactive imagesHistology image - 1 histology imageSpermatogenesis - 1 illustration, 5 interactive imagesSpermatozoa - 1 interactive imageHormone control of the testes - 1 illustration
Male reproductive ducts - 4 interactive 3D modelsDissection images - 2 interactive dissection imagesMale accessory reproductive glands - 1 interactive 3D modelHistology images - 1 histology imageDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageSemen - 1 interactive image
Male external genitalia - 1 interactive 3D modelScrotum - 1 interactive 3D modelPenis - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection imageMale sexual response - 1 illustrationDissection images - 1 interactive dissection image
Anatomy of the ovary - 1 interactive 3D modelMicroanatomy of the ovary - 1 interactive imageOvarian follicles - 7 interactive imagesOogenesis - 1 illustrationHormonal control of development
Female reproductive tract - 1 interactive 3D modelUterus - 1 interactive 3D modelHistology images - 1 histology imageVagina - 1 interactive 3D modelPosition and support of the uterus - 1 interactive 3D modelDissection images - 1 interactive dissection image
External genitalia - 1 interactive 3D modelBreasts and mammary glands - 1 interactive 3D modelFemale sexual response - 1 illustration
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
continued over
Female reproductivecycle:
Development andinheritance:
Clinical:
Case Studies:
Quiz:
Female reproductive cycle - 1 narrated illustrationHormone control of the reproductive cycle - 1 illustration
Fertilization - 1 illustrationBlastocyst formation and implantation - 1 narrated animationInheritance
Benign prostatic enlargementChlamydiaFemale infertilityPolycystic ovarian syndromeHydroceleProstate cancer (Resource section)
Delayed onset of pubertyVasctomyPriaprismEctopic pregnancyPerineal tearCombined oral contraceptive pillTesticle structure and spermatogenesisOvary structure and oogenesisInheritance
42 questions
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM