anatomy and physiology i muscles of facial expression, mastication, and movement of the head...
TRANSCRIPT
Anatomy and Physiology I
Muscles of
Facial Expression,
Mastication, and
Movement of the Head
Instructor: Mary Holman
www.bodyworlds.com
Dr. Gunther von Hagens
Plastination
Characteristics Used to Name Muscles
Directional terms used to describe orientation of muscle fibers to body midline
• Rectus - parallel to midline
• Transverse - perpendicular to midline
• Oblique - diagonal to midline
Characteristics Used to Name Muscles
Size - Relative size of the muscle• Maximus - largest
• Minimus - smallest• Longus - long• Brevis - short• Latissimus - widest• Longissimus - longest• Magnus - large• Major - larger• Minor - smaller• Vastus - great
Characteristics Used to Name MusclesShape - Relative shape of the muscle• Deltoid - triangular
• Trapezius - trapezoid• Serratus - saw-toothed• Rhomboideus - diamond-shaped• Orbicularis - circular• Pectinate - comb-like• Piriformis - pear-shaped• Platys - flat•Quadratus - square
• Gracilis - slender
Characteristics Used to Name Muscles
Action - Principle action of the muscleFlexor - decreases joint angle
Extensor - increases joint angle
Abductor - moves bone away from midline
Adductor - moves bone toward midline
Levator - produces superior movement
Depressor - produces inferior movement
Supinator - Turns palm superiorly or anteriorly
Pronator - Turns palm inferiorly or posteriorly
Sphincter - decreases size of opening
Tensor - makes a body part rigid
Rotator - moves bone around longitudinal axis
Characteristics Used to Name Muscles
Number of Origins
• Biceps - two origins
• Triceps - three origins
• Quadriceps - four origins
Location
• Example - frontalis
Origin and Insertion
• Example - Sternocleidomastoid
Important Terms of Muscle Action
Origin
Insertion
Agonist or Prime mover
Synergist
Antagonist
Muscles of Facial Expression
• Epicranius
Frontalis and Occipitalis
• Orbicularis oculi
• Orbicularis oris
• Buccinator
• Zygomaticus
major and minor
• Platysma
Fig. 9.25a
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Epicranial aponeurosis
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris
Platysma
Frontalis
Occipitalis
Muscles of Facial Expression
Origin: Occipital Bone
Insertion: Skin/muscle near eye
Action: Raises eyebrows
Fig. 9.25a
Epicranial aponeurosis
Frontalis
Occipitalis Epicranius
Origin: Maxillary and frontal bones
Insertion: Skin around eye
Action: Closes eye
Fig. 9.25a
Orbicularis oculi
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Action:Raises corner of the mouth
Fig. 9.25a
Zygomaticusmajor and minor
minor
major
Origin: Muscles near mouth
Insertion: Skin of lip
Action: Closes/protrudes lips
Fig. 9.25a
Orbicularis oris
Fig. 9.25b
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Buccinator
Origin: Outer surfaces of maxillaand mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Action:Compresses cheeks in-ward
9.25a
Risorius
Action: Abducts angle of the mouth
Origin:Fascia in upper chest
Insertion:Lower border of mandible
Action:Draws edges of mouth down - pouting
Fig. 9.25a
Platysma
Muscles of Mastication
•Temporalis
• Lateral Pterygoid
• Medial Pterygoid
• Masseter
Temporalis9.25 b
Origin:Temporal bone
Insertion:Coronoid process andanterior ramus of mandible
Action:Elevates mandible
Origin: Sphenoid bone
Insertion:Anterior surface of mandibular condyle
Action: Depresses and protractsmandible and moves it side to side
Fig. 9.25c
Lateral Pterygoid
medial
lateral
Origin:Sphenoid, palatine andmaxillary bones
Insertion:Medial surface of mandible
Action:Elevates mandible andmoves it side to side
Fig. 9.25c
Medial Pterygoid
medial
lateral
Pterygoids
Origin:Lower border of zygo-matic arch
Insertion:Lateral surface of mandible
Action:Elevates mandible
Fig. 9.25a
Masseter
Muscles that Move the Head
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Splenius capitis
• Semispinalis capitis
• Longissimus capitis
• Scalenes
Origin: Anterior surface of the sternum, upper surface of the clavicle
Insertion:Mastoid process of temporal bone
Action:Flexes neck, pulls head to one side, elevates sternum
Fig. 9.25a
Sternocleidomastoid
Fig. 9.26
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Origin: Spinous processesof upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone & mastoid process of temporal
Action:Rotates head, bends head to one side, or extends neck
Splenius capitis
Fig. 9.26
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Origin: Processes of upperthoracic and lower cervicalvertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: Extends head, bendshead to one side, or rotates head
Semispinalis capitis
Semispinalis capitis cut
Fig. 9.26
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Origin: Upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Mastoid processtemporal bone
Action: Extends and rotates head
Longissimus capitis
Scalenes
First Rib
Second Rib
Origin:Transverse processescervical vertebrae 2-6
Insertion: 1st and 2nd ribs
Action: Flex head,elevate 1st and 2nd rib,Laterally flex head, rotatehead to side
Atlas Axis
Temporalis
Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus
Sternocleidomastoid
Occipitalis
Trapezius
Masseter
Risorius
Buccinator
Omohyoid
2 = Frontalis 3 = Temporalis 7 = Orbicularis oculi
8 = Orbicularis oris13 = Sternocleidomastoid
Buccinator
Risorius
Zygomaticus minorZygomaticus major
Trapezius
Pink passion lipstick