Anatomists and Their Art

Charleen M. Moore, Ph.D.

Distinguished Teaching Professor

Department of

Cellular and Structural Biology

Anatomists and Their Art

Artists Who Dissected

Anatomists Who Drew

Anatomist and Artist Teams

Salerno – 10th c.

Bologna – 11th c.

Padua – 13th c.

Medieval Medical Centers

Five Picture Seriesbones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries

Five Picture Seriesbones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries

Johannes de KethamFasciculo di medicina (1493)

Wound Man

The Dissection woodcut illustrations

Zodiac Man

The Dissection colored (either with stencils or by hand-pressed color blocks) in four colors

Johannes de KethamFasciculo di medicina (1493)

Archiginnasio, BolognaAnatomical Theatre

(1637)

Johannes de KethamFasciculo di medicina (1493)

Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530) Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)

(A Short Introduction to Anatomy)Artist? Hugo da Carpi (1455-1523)

Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530) Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)

Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530) Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)

Artists Who Dissected

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)

Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Raphael (1483-1521)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Leonardo da Vinci: The Mechanics of ManMartin Clayton and Dr. Ron Philo

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)

Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion (1528)

Adam and Eve(1507) Oil on panel

Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Raphael (1483-1521)La Fornarina (1518-19) Oil on wood

Anatomists Who Drew

Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)

Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)

John Bell (1763-1820)

Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)

Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703)

“. . . I could exceedingly plainly perceive it [cork] to be all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular. . . . these pores, or cells, . . . were indeed the first microscopical pores I ever saw, . . . “

Thin Slices of Cork

Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)Micrographia (1665)

Hernias

Scarpa’s Triangle(Femoral Triangle)

Bracing for Clubfoot

Nerve Supply to Heart

Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)

Saggio di osservazioni e d’esperienze sulle principali mallatti degli occhi first edition copper plate illustration

Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)

John Bell (1763-1820)

John Bell (1763-1820)

Anatomy of the Human Body. 2d ed. Vol. I (1804) Etching

Bell’s drawing reprinted in Charles Darwin’sThe Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)

Nerves of the head

Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)

A System of Dissections, 1798

An Exposition of the Natural System of the Nerves of the Human Body, 1824

Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)

Bell was a surgeon at Battle of Waterloo in 1815 Watercolor paintings of wounded soldiers

Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)

Anatomist and Artist Teams

Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)

Giulio Casseri (ca.1552-1616) and Odoardo Fialetti

Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)

William Hunter (1718-1783) and Jan van Riemsdyk (fl. 1750-1788)

Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)

De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)

De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

Historiated Initials

Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)

De humani corporis fabrica, 1543

Giulio Casseri (ca.1552-1616) and Odoardo Fialetti

Tabulae Anatomicae (1627) Copperplate engraving

Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body (London, 1749)

Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)

Used a net with square webbing between artist and specimen

that increased the scientific accuracy of the illustration

Rhinoceros, circle of Pietro Longhi, c.1751

Map from Clara’s Grand Tour by Glynis Ridley, 2004

Clara, the rhinoceros, toured Europe from 1741 – 1758

Tabulae sceleti et musculorum corporis humani (Leiden, 1747)Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body (London, 1749)

Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)

John Hunter (1728 - 1793)

William Hunter (1718 - 1783)

William Hunter (1718-1783) and Jan van Riemsdyk (fl. 1750-1788)The Anatomy of the Gravid Uterus (1774)

Plate XX Plate VI

P.I. Nixon Medical Historical LibraryEstablished 1970

Pat Ireland Nixon, M.D., (1883-1965)

Dr. Pat at his writing desk at home

Friends of the P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library

(1971 – Present)

First Gift to the P.I. Nixon Collection on Behalf of the Friends, 1971

William Smellie: A Sett of Anatomical Tables, 1754Less than one hundred copies are known.

Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)Engravings from specimens of morbid parts (1813)

15 copies world-wide

Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)Series of engravings explaining the course of the nerves

London 1803

Latest Gift to the P.I. Nixon Collection on Behalf of the Friends, 2011

Friends of the P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library

Annual Dinner, November 7, 2011

Doctors and Dollars May Not Always Be Enough

Fernando Guerra, M.D.

Director of Health for the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District