anatomia cardiovascular - lac
TRANSCRIPT
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Anatomia Cardiovascular
André Moreira MahmoudFernanda Almeida Andrade
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CORAÇÃO•Órgão central de
impulsão -> S e D
•Situa-se no toráx, posteriormente à parede esternocondrocostal, no mediastino INF.
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• Limites:
▫Anterior: face post. esterno, cartilagens e espaços intercostais
▫Inferior: Diafragma▫Superior: grandes vasos e orifício torácico
sup.▫Posterior: face ant. coluna vert. (processo
espinhoso T4-T8), pleuras mediastínicas (VAB), aorta descendente , traqueia, esôfago
▫Borda direita▫Borda esquerda
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• Pirâmide invertida (base: atrás, acima e à D; ápex: anterior e à E)
• 4 câmaras: 2 A e 2 V
• Comunicação -> válvulas: T e M
• 3 Camadas: endocárdio, miocárdio e epicárdio(lâm. visceral do PS)
• P: 200-250g(adulto), 25g(ao nascer)
• Os A/V pelo sulco coronário
• Septos/sulcos interventriculares, interatriais
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1 –AD, 2 – válvula tricúspide, 3 –cordas tendíneas, 4 – VD, 5 – valva pulmonar, 6 – a. pulmonar, 7 –AE, 8 – veias pulmonares, 9 – válvula mitral, 10 – VE, 11 – valva aórtica, 12 – músculos papilares
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•Pericárdio : fibroso (sustentação) e seroso (2 lâminas: visceral e parietal)
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Ápice•Parte ínfero-
lateral do VE.
•Posterior ao 5º EIC esquerdo, aprox. 9 cm do plano mediano.
•Imóvel durante o ciclo cardíaco
•Foco mitral
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Base
• Face post. • Formada principalmente pelo AE e pouco do AD• Estende-se da bifurcação do tronco pulmonar até o sulco
coronário.• Recebe as veias pulmonares e as VCS e VCI
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Faces (4)•1) Face esternocostal (ant)
▫ anterior, formada VD
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•2) Face diafragmática (inf)▫inferior, formada VE e parte do VD▫Relacionada ao tendão central do
diafragma.
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•3) Face pulmonar
•Direita▫formada
principalmente pelo AD
•Esquerda▫formada
principalmente pelo VE, impressão cardíaca do pulmão E.
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Margens (3)•1) Direita (inf)
▫Separa a face ant da face inf; AD
•2) Superior▫Separa a face ant da
face pulmonar E;
•3) Esquerda▫Separa a face
pulmonar E da face inf; VE e AE
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Átrio D
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Ventrículo D
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Átrio E e Ventrículo E
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Valvas cardíacas
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Vascularização
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• A. Coronária D é a dominante e irriga principalmente AD, VD, parte posterior
VE e pouco anteriormente, nó sinusal e av▫Possui repercussão elétrica
• A. Coronária E irriga principalmente parte anterior VE, posterior e AE
▫Possui repercussão mecânica; contratilidade
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Drenagem venosa•V. Magna e posterior esquerda
▫+ lado esquerdo
•V. Média e parva▫+ do lado direito
•75% drenagem▫seio coronário ; restante do VD flui p/ peq.
Veias q caem direto p/ dentro AD
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Inervação• A inervação
extrínseca deriva do sistema nervoso autônomo, isto é, simpático e parassimpático.
• SIMP: n. cardíacos simpáticos (3 C e 4/5 T)
• PARASSIMP: n. vago (X), do qual derivam n. cardíacos parassimpáticos (2C e 1T)
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Automatismo
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AORTA E GRANDES VASOS•É dividida em:
▫ascendente, ▫arco da aorta ▫e descendente ( porção torácica e abdominal)
•Trajeto: ▫Inicialmente sobe por uma curta distância.▫Depois inclina-se para a esquerda e desce no
interior do tórax no lado esquerdo da coluna vertebral, passando através do hiato aórtico do diafragma para o abdome.
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AORTA ASCENDENTE
•Começa na valva aórtica, ao nível da 3ª cartilagem costal
•Apresenta como ramos a a. coronária D e a. coronária E
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ARCO AÓRTICO• O arco da
aorta começa ao nível da 2ª articulação esternocostal do lado direito, e corre no início cranialmente e para a esquerda, ventralmente à traquéia.
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Cabeça e pescoço
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Artérias carótidas• Na borda superior da laringe:
▫ se dividem em a. carótida externa e a. carótida interna.
• A a. carótida externa irriga as estruturas externas do crânio (pescoço e face).
▫ Os ramos colaterais são: a. tireoíde superior, a. lingual, a. facial, a. occipital, a.a auricular posterior e a. faríngea ascendente.
▫ Os ramos terminais são: a. temporal e a. maxilar.
• A a. carótida interna penetra no crânio através do canal carotídeo e supre as estruturas internas do mesmo. ▫ Os ramos terminais são: a. cerebral anterior (supre a
maior parte da face medial do cérebro) e a. cerebral média (supre a maior parte da face lateral do cérebro).
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Polígono de Willis
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Membros superiores
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AORTA DESCENDENTE•Porção torácica:
▫Ramos: Viscerais:
Pericárdicos Bronquiais Esofágicos Mediastinais
Parietais: Intercostais posteriores Subcostais Frênicas superiores
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•Porção Abdominal:
• Início no hiato aórtico do diafragma, ventral a T12
• Termina em L4, dividindo-se em 2 artérias ilíacas comuns.
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Tronco celíaco
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Mesentérica Superior
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Mesentérica inferior
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Principais ramos das Mesentéricas
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Membros inferiores
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