analysis to the wimax multi-carrier networking solution
TRANSCRIPT
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Product name Confidentiality level: INTERNAL
WIMAX Department Name: Solution Development Dept.
Product version
Total 20 pages
Analysis to the Wimax Multi-Carrier Networking
SolutionFor internal use only
Prepared by Hu Wenli Date 2006-11-17
Reviewed by Date yyyy-mm-dd
Reviewed by Date yyyy-mm-dd
Granted by Date yyyy-mm-dd
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved
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Contents
1 Revision Record............................................................................9
2 Overview....................................................................................10
2.1 Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1 Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................102.2 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................................10
3 Basic Frequency Reuse Patterns of the Wimax Network.................11
3.1 PUSC 1X1 Frequency Reuse Pattern......................................................................................................................11
3.1 PUSC 1X1 Frequency Reuse Pattern......................................................................................................................11
3.1.1 Advantage............................................................................................................................................. ......... ...11
3.1.1 Advantage............................................................................................................................................. ......... ...11
3.1.2 Disadvantage....................................................................................................................................................12
3.1.2 Disadvantage....................................................................................................................................................12
3.1.3 Applicable Scenario..........................................................................................................................................12
3.1.3 Applicable Scenario..........................................................................................................................................12
3.2 FFR Frequency Reuse Pattern................................................................................................................................12
3.2 FFR Frequency Reuse Pattern................................................................................................................................12
3.2.1 Advantage................................................................................................................................................. ........12
3.2.1 Advantage................................................................................................................................................. ........12
3.2.2 Disadvantage....................................................................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Disadvantage....................................................................................................................................................13
3.2.3 Applicable Scenario..........................................................................................................................................133.2.3 Applicable Scenario..........................................................................................................................................13
3.3 1X3 Frequency Reuse Mode..................................................................................................................................13
3.3 1X3 Frequency Reuse Mode..................................................................................................................................13
3.3.1 Advantage................................................................................................................................................. ........14
3.3.1 Advantage................................................................................................................................................. ........14
3.3.2 Disadvantage....................................................................................................................................................14
3.3.2 Disadvantage....................................................................................................................................................14
3.3.3 Applicable Scenario..........................................................................................................................................14
3.3.3 Applicable Scenario..........................................................................................................................................14
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4 Multi-Carrier Wimax Networking..................................................15
4.1 Capacity Expansion (Multi-Carrier Networking) for the Hotspots...................................................................... ..15
4.1 Capacity Expansion (Multi-Carrier Networking) for the Hotspots...................................................................... ..15
4.1.1 Scenario Description.........................................................................................................................................15
4.1.1 Scenario Description.........................................................................................................................................15
4.1.2 Networking Solution.........................................................................................................................................16
4.1.2 Networking Solution.........................................................................................................................................16
4.2 Capacity Expansion (Multi-Carrier Networking) for a Large Scale Area..............................................................17
4.2 Capacity Expansion (Multi-Carrier Networking) for a Large Scale Area..............................................................17
4.2.1 Scenario Description.........................................................................................................................................17
4.2.1 Scenario Description.........................................................................................................................................17
4.2.2 Networking Solution.........................................................................................................................................17
4.2.2 Networking Solution.........................................................................................................................................17
5 Networking Solutions for Varied Frequency Resources ..................19
6 Documentation Reference............................................................20
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Figures
PUSC 1X1 frequency reuse pattern.................................................11
FFR frequency reuse pattern..........................................................12
1X3 frequency reuse pattern..........................................................13
Networking....................................................................................16
Networking....................................................................................17
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TablesTypical networking solutions...........................................................10
Networking solutions.....................................................................19
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1Revision Record
Date Version
Description Author
2006-11-18dd 1.00 Initial release. Hu Liwen
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2 Overview2.1 Purpose
This document is the input to the final Wimax network planning released at the end of the
year. It provides varied solutions according to the spectrum bandwidth resources of the operators.
This document is written in a short time (only one and a half day) and provides a few multi-carriernetworking solutions. It is for your reference only. It will be supplemented later.
2.2 ConclusionFigure 1.1 lists some typical networking solutions applicable to different scenarios.
Figure 1.1 Typical networking solutions
SpectrumResourcesAvailable tothe Operator
Suggested Networking Solution
Dense UrbanAreas
Urban Areas SuburbAreas/Village
5/10 MHz 1X1 FFR (Single-
ARFCN PUSC +FUSC hybrid
networking)
1X1 FFR (Single-
ARFCN PUSC +FUSC hybrid
networking)
1X1 PUSC (Single-
ARFCN PUSCnetworking)
15 MHz 1 x 3 (5 MHz) 1 x 3 (5 MHz) 1X3 (5 MHz)
20 MHz 1X1 FFR + overlay
networking
1X1 FFR + overlay
networking
1X1 FFR
30 MHz 1X3 (10 MHz) 1X3 (10 MHz) 1X3 (10 MHz)
> 40 MHz Multi-carrier
networking
Multi-carrier
networking
Multi-carrier
networking
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3Basic Frequency Reuse Patterns
of the Wimax Network
According to the research conclusion described in chapter 1, the Wimax network uses
primarily the following three frequency reuse patterns.
3.1 PUSC 1X1 Frequency Reuse PatternIn the PUSC 1X1 frequency reuse pattern, that is the single-ARFCN PUSC networking, all
the BTSs share an Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN). A BTS isconfigured with three sectors, each sector is assigned 1/3 channel bandwidth (RF1, RF2, RF3)
in the PUSC 1X1 frequency reuse pattern.
Figure 1.1 shows the PUSC 1X1 frequency reuse pattern.
Figure 1.1 PUSC 1X1 frequency reuse pattern
RF3
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF1
RF2
3.1.1 Advantage
Minor system interference and no sub-carrier conflict between neighbor sectors in a
same BTS
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Fast network deployment, easy interference control, and simple network planning andoptimization
Same frequency in a network, easy soft handoff
Little system overhead, and simple implementation
In this pattern, the complicated sub-carrier permutation and dispatch algorithm is notrequired.
Wider coverage area, lower cost for initial network deployment, and lower risk
3.1.2 Disadvantage
Low spectrum usage
Small network capacity
3.1.3 Applicable Scenario
The pattern is applicable to initial network deployment. It is especially applicable to the areasthat require wide coverage and small capacity, for example, suburb and village areas.
3.2 FFR Frequency Reuse PatternIn the FFR frequency reuse pattern, that is the single-ARFCN PUSC plus PUSC with all SC
hybrid networking, a BTS is configured with three sectors, all subchannels are available toeach sector and part of the subchannels are used for the interference control outside each
sector. Subchannel are dispatched according to the measurement and judgment of the CINR of
the subscriber.. Each BTS consists of three sectors and the BTSs reuse sub-channels. These
BTS clusters consist of the seamless coverage network..
Figure 1.1 shows the FFR frequency reuse pattern.
Figure 1.1 FFR frequency reuse pattern
3.2.1 Advantage
High spectrum usage
Soft handoffs available
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Load sharing between sectors
Flexible sub-channel dispatch, excellent sub-channel dispatch mechanism, and maximumuse of channel resources
3.2.2 Disadvantage Complicated sub-carrier permutation and sub-channel dispatch algorithm
High probability of channel conflict and co-channel interference with high load
Neighbor sectors in a BTS have co-channel interference.
The system interference is correlated with the quality of the sub-channel dispatchmechanism.
3.2.3 Applicable Scenario
The networking in this frequency reuse pattern is preferred by the Wimax 16e. It is applicable
to the initial network deployment in the dense urban areas and urban areas that have moderate
or high traffic.
3.3 1X3 Frequency Reuse ModeIn the 1X3 frequency reuse mode, totally three ARFCNs are used. A BTS is configured withthree sectors and each sector uses a different ARFCN (F1, F2, or F3). All the BTSs reuse the
three ARFCNs.
Figure 1.1 shows the 1X3 frequency reuse pattern.
Figure 1.1 1X3 frequency reuse pattern
F3
F1
F2
F3
F1
F2
F3
F1
F2
F3
F1
F2
F3
F1
F2
F3
F1
F2F2
F3
F1
F2
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3.3.1 Advantage
Fully used dispersive frequency resources of the operator
Little system overhead, and simple implementation
In this pattern, the complicated sub-carrier permutation dispatch algorithm is notrequired.
Minor system interference and no co-channel interference between neighbor sectors in a
BTS
Minor probability of sub-channel conflict and minor interference in co-channel cells
Fast network deployment, easy interference control, and simple network planning andoptimization
3.3.2 Disadvantage
Low spectrum usage
According to the emulation test result, the spectrum usage of the 1X3 frequency reusepattern is only 0.56 bit/s/Hz/sector, similar to that of the PUSC 1X1 frequency reuse
pattern.
Hard handoff available, soft handoff gain unavailable
3.3.3 Applicable Scenario
The pattern is applicable to the operator that has rich frequency resources (at least 30 MHz)
and applicable to the large-capacity coverage in urban areas or dense urban areas.
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4 Multi-Carrier Wimax NetworkingWith the increasing traffic requirement, the network capacity of the single-carrier networkingfails to meet the requirement. Therefore, the multi-carrier networking is required in order to
increase the system capacity. In the multi-carrier networking, the sectors in a BTS usemultiple different carriers.
The following describes some common scenarios of multi-carrier networking:
4.1 Capacity Expansion (Multi-CarrierNetworking) for the Hotspots
4.1.1 Scenario Description
The hotspots refer to the areas that have dense buildings, dense population, and very high
traffic. Generally, political, economic, commercial, finance, and culture centers are hotspots.The rapid traffic increase in the hotspot area, for example, office building, hotels, and airports,
requires capacity expansion. But the areas outside the hotspots area do not require capacity
expansion. Therefore, you can configure dual-carrier or multi-carrier for the BTS in thehotspot area to expand the capacity. But the BTSs in the vast areas outside the hotspots remain
single-carrier configuration.
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4.1.2 Networking Solution
Figure 1.1 illustrates the networking. The rectangle in grey indicates the cell that has dense
traffic and is configured with multiple carriers in the hotspot area. The rectangle in white
indicates the cell that is configured with single carrier in the area outside the hotspot area.
Figure 1.1Networking
Traffic Assignment The carriers added to the cell in the hotspot areas share the traffic. Co-channel
interference does not exist between the cell that is added with more carriers and the
neighbor cells, therefore, the conversation quality in the cell that is added with morecarriers is better. The subscribers in the cell are easily to have higher data rate using
advanced modulation method. VIP subscribers and higher-service-priority subscribers
can be forcedly configured with additional carriers F2 and F3.
In the initial Wimax network development, a large amount of long-term or short-termsubscribers may have high requirements for the service rate but not for the mobility.
Therefore, these subscribers can be configured with additional carriers F2 and F3.
Services are preferred to be assigned to the additional carriers of the cell. Then, the
number of subscribers assigned to the basic carrier F1 decreases. The interference
between the carrier F1 in the cell and the carrier F1 in neighbor cells decreases. Theaverage throughput of the whole network increases.
Inter-Frequency Handover Configuration Configure common channels, such as paging channels, in carrier F1. Do not configure
paging channels in the additional carriers. And soft handoffs are available when
subscribers require because the basic carrier F1 covers the whole area of the cell.
The overhead of the common channel in the carrier F1 is not large because only the cellsin the hotspot area is configured with multiple carriers and the common channel
overhead in the cell that is configured with multiple carriers is not large.
For the cell that is configured with multiple carriers, inter-frequency handovers
frequently occur on the borders between the additional carrier sectors of the cell and the
neighbor cells. You can reduce the power and the coverage area of the multiple-carriercell and set reasonable handoff threshold for neighbor cells.
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F3
F2F1
Hotspots Areas outside the
hotspot area
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Power Configuration
After configuring multiple-carrier for a cell, increase the BTS power to maintain originalcoverage area.
4.2 Capacity Expansion (Multi-CarrierNetworking) for a Large Scale Area
4.2.1 Scenario Description
For the dense urban areas or some urban areas that have dense population and high traffic,
such as the dense residential district, old urban area, and shopping center that is not in the city
center, the traffic increase in these areas require capacity expansion to the multi-carrierconfiguration. But the BTSs in other areas remain a little traffic and single-carrier
configuration.
4.2.2 Networking Solution
Figure 1.1 illustrates the networking.
Figure 1.1Networking
Traffic Assignment Set reasonable load threshold to balance the traffic between different carriers and
configure the lightest-load carrier for a sector.
Because the Wimax network bearing is based on services, service-based hard assignment
is applicable to the Wimax network. For example, assign higher-priority (lower delay orhigher bandwidth requirement) subscribers to carrier F3 and set carriers F1 and F2 to
common data service preferred carriers. Common data services are preferred to beaccessed to the lowest-load carrier between carriers F1 and F2 and preferred to be
accessed to the lowest-load carrier among carrier carriers F1, F2, and F3 when the loads
of both carrier F1 and carrier F2 exceed the hard assignment threshold. Higher-priority
data services are preferred to be accessed to carrier F3 and preferred to be accessed to thelowest-load carrier among carriers F1, f2, and F3 when the load of carrier F3 exceeds the
hard assignment threshold.
Inter-Frequency Handover Configuration Configure common channels, such as paging channels, in carrier F1. Do not configure
paging channels in the additional carriers. And soft handoffs are available when
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F1
F2
F3
Dense urban areas Urban areas Suburb areas
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subscribers require because the basic carrier F1 covers the whole area of the cell.
The coverage areas of the multiple carriers are strong correlated because the PA power isaveraged among multiple carriers. When hard handoff between carriers is required, direct
handoff to the basic carrier in the cell is preferred. The hard handoff success ratio is very
high because the target cell is specific and the inter-frequency measurement is notrequired.
According to the previous analysis, soft handoff from the basic carrier to the neighbor
cell is available when the subscribers moves in the border area between the hotspot area
that is configured with multiple carriers and the area that is configured with single carrier
or dual carriers.
Power Configuration After configuring multiple-carrier for a cell, increase the BTS power to maintain original
coverage area.
For the BTSs that are configured with different number of carriers, ensure that every
carrier (different carriers in the same BTS and carriers of the BTSs that are configuredwith different number of carriers) is configured with the same power.
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5 Networking Solutions for VariedFrequency Resources
Based on the analysis of the basic frequency reuse pattern and the multi-carrier networking
solutions, Huawei recommends the following networking solutions for varied spectrum and
bandwidth resources of the operators.
Figure 1.1Networking solutions
SpectrumResourcesAvailable tothe Operator
Suggested Networking Solution
Dense UrbanAreas
Urban Areas SuburbAreas/Village
5/10 MHz 1X1 FFR (Single-
ARFCN PUSC +
FUSC hybrid
networking)
1X1 FFR (Single-
ARFCN PUSC +
FUSC hybrid
networking)
1X1 PUSC (Single-
ARFCN PUSC
networking)
15 MHz 1X3 (5 MHz) 1X3 (5 MHz) 1X3 (5 MHz)
20 MHz 1X1 FFR + overlaynetworking
1X1 FFR + overlaynetworking
1X1 FFR
30 MHz 1X3 (10 MHz) 1X3 (10 MHz) 1X3 (10 MHz)
>40 MHz Multi-carrier networking
Multi-carriernetworking
Multi-carriernetworking
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6Documentation Reference
[1] Mobile WiMAX Frequency Design Scheme by Hu Liwen, 2006.10.
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