analysis the possibility of increasing capacity of...

No. 3, 2015 Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 73

MINING AND METALLURGY INSTITUTE BOR ISSN: 2334-8836 (Štampano izdanje)

UDK: 622 ISSN: 2406-1395 (Online)

UDK: 622.271:681.8:330.1(045)=111 doi:10.5937/MMEB1503073K

Daniel Kržanović*, Radmilo Rajković*, Miomir Mikić*, Milenko Ljubojev*

ANALYSIS THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING CAPACITY OF

COPPER ORE MINING AT THE OPEN PIT SOUTH MINING

DISTRICT MAJDANPEK AT 11x106 TONS ANNUALLY

**

Abstract

The paper analyzes the possibility of increasing capacity at the Open Pit South Mining District in

terms of achieving maximum net present value. The analysis is based on the movement of discounted

cash flow during exploitation period of 18 years. The modern approach of designing the open pits was

used for this consideration using the software Whittle and Gemcom Gems.

The analysis showed a positive trend of discounted cash flow from the third year until the end of ana-

lyzed period in achieving the net present value in the amount of 596 252 546 $.

Keywords: Open Pit South mining District Majdanpek, optimization of boundary of open pit, open

pit development phase, net present value, software Whittle, Gemcom

* Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, e-mail: [email protected]

** This work is the result of the Project 33021 “Investigation and Monitoring the Changes of Stress-

strain State in the Rock Mass “In-situ” around the Underground Rooms with Development a Model

with Special Reference on the Tunel of the Krivelj River and Jama Bor”, funded by the Ministry of

Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.

INTRODUCTION

Mining works at the open pit South Mi-

ning District, which were suspended in May

2009, continued in 2012 by stripping the

deposit on location Andesite finger, on the

basis of designed technical solutions by the

experts from the Mining and Metallurgy

Institute Bor from Bor [1], [2].

In accordance with the new strategic plan

of development of copper production in RTB

with the annual production capacity of

80-85 000 t of ore, it is necessary to increase

the capacity of ore mining and processing at

the open pit South Mining District from the

existing capacity of 8.5 million tons to 11

million tons annually. Among others, this is

one of the prerequisites for achieving the

profitable mining and processing of copper

ore.

The long-term designing of the open pit

and solution to the problem of optimization

was achieved by modeling the problems

using software. Software, which were used,

Whittle and Gems, their work based on an

algorithm that is applied to a three-dimen-

sional block model of the ore body South

Mining District

Technical and economic analysis were

carried out in software Whittle, while the

deposit modeling and design of optimal con-

tour of the open pit and development phase

of the open pit development were carried out

in software Gemcom Gems.


PROBLEMS OF THE PRODUCTION

SYSTEM AT THE OPEN PIT

The basic problem of the production

system at the open pit South Mining District

is:

Deviation from designed calendar

plan of excavation.

Implementation of works out of designed boundaries of the open pit.

Delay in revitalization and rehabilita-tion of mining machines and infra-structure facilities (transport system for overburden TS-1 crushing plant for ore).

Pumping of mine water, which is of crucial importance for ore mining at the open pit, has not yet comme-nced. Also a problem is in defining an optimal technology for treatment of such waters, as well as the treat-ment plant.

Also, in the coming period it is necessary

to carry out the relocation of capital infra-

structural facilities in the coming period, as

follows:

A route of the state road M22 I B or-

der.

A part of the route of the existing

power line 35 kV.

The riverbed of the river Mali Pek.

The town collector of waste water.

METHODOLOGY

Analysis of the possibility of increasing

the capacity of mining was carried out on the

basis of long-term planning of copper ore

exploitation at the open pit South Mining

District.

The conducted analysis in this paper,

with the aim of maximizing the net present

value is achieved by application the method

of geostatistical modeling, method of long-

term planning and optimization method for

open pits.

The procedure is carried out through

the following steps:

1) The first step presents a development

of block model using the statistical

methods for analysis and assessment.

Deposit modeling was performed in

the software Gemcom Gems.

2) The second step is optimization the

final contours of the open pit. The

basis for optimization is the block

model. In this paper, optimization of

the open pit of copper ore was ca-

rried out in the software Whittle that

applied a modified Lerchs-Gross-

mann algorithm. Software for gener-

ating the nested pits and defining the

pushbacks uses a technique of pa-

rameterization (Revenue Factors),

and calculation is based on undis-

counted cash values.

3) The third step is to define the devel-

opment phases of the open pit. The

main reason for planning the devel-

opment phase of the open pit is of

economic nature, i.e. maximization

the net present value.

In defining the development phases of

the open pit, the following requirements

are satisfied [3]:

There is a minimum allowable dis-

tance between the phase boundaries.

There is a minimum working width

of each phase bottom.

NPV of each phase is positive.

NPV for defined phases is maxi-

mum.

In addition to the economic, the practical

importance of the phase open pit deve-

lopment is also considered, and it is applied

to the problems caused by the excessive

number of phases which can lead to [3]: increase in costs for maintenance of

many sites,


increase in costs due to the redeve-

lopment of transport routes, insufficient width of the working

platforms for operation of mechani-zation,

increased number of the primary and auxiliary equipment, etc.

4) The fourth step defining the mining dynamics. The analysis is based on the Milawa algorithm, which is sup-ported by the software Whittle, and it is specifically designed for defining the mining dynamics in long-term planning strategies of exploitation.

Modeling of deposit

Geological reserves of the copper depos-

it South Mining District Majdanpek were

calculated by the method of mini blocks,

whereby the dimensions of the blocks are

15 15 15 m. The basis for calculation the

geological reserves is a digital block model

of deposit which was formed in the software

Gemcom using the geostatistical methods of

analysis and assessment [4], [5].

Figure 1 shows a three dimensional view

of the block model Cu in the deposit South

Mining District.

Figure 1 Three dimensional view of the block model Cu in the deposit South Mining District

Optimization of the open pit boundary

Optimization process was carried out on

the basis of defining the selling price of met-

als, discount rate and costs and efficiency of

excavation, flotation and metallurgical

treatment.

Table 1 presents the starting parame-

ters used to define the optimal contour of

the open pit and defining the excavation

phases.


Table 1 Starting parameters for optimization the open pit boundary and defining

the excavation phases

Parameter Unit Value

Base metal prices

Copper USD/t 6 000.00

Gold USD/kg 35 000.00

Silver USD/kg 650.00

Costs of ore mining USD/t 1.50

Costs of overburden mining USD/t 2.50

Costs of flotation ore processing USD/t 3.20

Costs of metallurgical treatment of concentrate

Costs of copper production from concen-

trates

USD/t Cu cathode 600.00

Costs of gold refining USD/kg 150.00

Costs of silver refining USD/kg 15.00

Flotation copper recovery from ore % 86.0

Metallurgical copper recovery from ore % 98.5

Total recovery on gold % 50.0

Total recovery on silver % 50.0

Discount rate % 10

Ore mining capacities are limited by

years, based on assessment the possibility of

increasing the capacity of flotation pro-

cessing.

The planned value of ore mining

capacity at annual level is as follows:

1. In the 1st and 2

nd year

6 000 000 t of ore

In the 3rd

year

8 500 000 t of ore

in the 4th

year to the end of

the exploitation period

11 000 000 t of ore

Overburden mining is limited by the

capacity of the transport system for waste

TS-1 (27 million tons per year) and capacity

of the external waste dumps (Table 2 and

Figure 2). Due to this reason, maximum

designed capacity of waste is 32 million tons

per year.

Table 2 View the capacities of the external waste dumps

Capacities of the outer waste dumps Total

Kovej Andesite finger Bugarski potok Dump

1 995 000 8 000 000 13 000 000 23 500 000 46 495 000


Figure 2 View of the truck dumps

The optimum boundary of excavation

the open pit was obtained using the soft-

ware for optimization and strategic plan-

ning of the open pits Whittle [6], [7].

Figure 3 graphically shows the results of optimization for the base copper price of 6000 USD/t, on the basis of which the opti-mal contour of the open pit and development phases of the open pit are selected.

Figure 3 Graphical presentation of optimization results (Pit by pit graph)


It can be seen from graph that, for the

adopted technical-economic parameters the

open pit No. 25 was chosen as the optimal

one. The selected open pit has total of

549,837,135 t excavation, out of which

175,536,668 t of ore and 374,300,467 t of

overburden. Overburden coefficient is

2.13 t/t.

Defining the development phases of

the open pit (Pushbacks)

After determining the final borders of

mining, the next step in the process of de-

signing the open pits is to define the excava-

tion phases.

Simulations and DCF analysis are car-

ried out in this step to obtain the most favor-

able variant, or determine the number of

phases that affect the maximization of net

present value for long-term planning of open

pits.

Based on the results of optimization,

which is graphically shown in Figure 3, the

excavation phases are defined and those are

the open pits Nos. 18 and 22. Based on a

need of providing the quantities of ore by the

mining dynamics, according to the request

of the Investor, with minimum quantity of

overburden, it is necessary to split the open

pit No. 18 into four phases, whereby the

northern part is the Phase 1, the eastern

phase is the Phases 2 and 3, and the southern

and western part are designated as the Phase

4. Pursuant to the adopted rule of labeling

the phases, the open pits Nos. 22 and 25 are

defined as the Phase 5 and Phase 6, respec-

tively (Figure 4).

Figure 4 View of the final contour (3D view)

a) Phase 1; b) Phase 2; c) Phase 3; d) Phase 4; e) Phase 5; f) Phase 6

Optimization of mining dynamics

Mining dynamics by years of exploi-tation was obtained in Whittle software. To optimize the mining dynamics, the used software was Milawa algorithm

for balancing regime (Milawa Balanced) [8].

Results of optimization the mining dy-

namics are shown in Table 3.


Table 3 Mining dynamics by years and periods of exploitation

CONCLUSION

The performed analysis the possibilities for increasing the capacity at the open pit South Mining District was carried out using the software for optimization and strategic planning of the open pits Whittle, which is based on an analysis of trends the discounted cash flow during its service period, or the net present value, and that is an indicator of the achieved economic results of exploitation the deposit South Mining District for the given initial conditions. Deposit modeling and design of optimal contour of the open pit and the phases of development the open pit are carried out in the software Gemcom Gems

On the basis of performed analysis, the

following is concluded:

1) There is a possibility to increase the

capacities of copper ore excavation at

the open pit South Mining District

Majdanpek, which is realized in the

4th

year for the analyzed period.

2) Service life of the open pit mining

is 18 years.

3) Movement in cash flow is positive

throughout the whole period of ex-

ploitation, except in the first and

second year of the analyzed period.

4) The net present value is achieved

in the amount of 596,252,546 $.

REFERENCES

[1] D. Kržanović et al., Feasibility Study

on Mining the South Mining District

Deposit in the Copper Mine Majdanpek

(MMI Bor, 2011.), (in Serbian)

[2] D. Kržanović et al. Additional Mining

Design of Copper Ore Mining from the

South Mining District Deposit in the

Copper Mine Majdanpek (MMI Bor),

(in Serbian)


[3] D. Kržanović, R. Rajković, M. Mikić,

M. Ljubojev: Effect of Stage

Development of Mining Operations on

Maximization the Net Present Value in

Long-Term Planning of Open Pits,

Mining and Metallurgy Engineering

Bor, 4/2014, pp. 33-40;

[4] D. Kržanović, M. Žikić, R. Pantović:

Important Improvement of Utilization

the Available Geological Reserves of

the South Mining District Deposit in

Majdanpek in the New Defined Opti-

mum Contour of the Open Pit Using

the Whittle and Gemcom Software,

Mining Engineering, Mining and

Metallurgy Institute Bor, 2012, pp. 29-

36

[5] D. Kržanović, M. Žikić, Z. Vaduves-

ković: Innovated Block Model of the

Copper Ore Deposit South Mining

District-Majdanpek As a Basis for

Analysis the Optimum Development

of Open Pit Using the Software Packa-

ges Whittle and Gemcom, Mining

Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy

Institute Bor, 2011, pp 69-76

[6] G. Whittle, W. Stange and N. Hanson,

Optimising Project Value and Robust-

ness, Project Evaluation Conference,

Melbourne, Vic, 19 - 20 June 2007,

pp. 1-10;

[7] D. Kržanović, R. Rajković, M. Mikić:

The Effect of Open Pit Slope Design

on Net Present Value for Long Term

Planning, The 46th International

October Conference on Mining and

Metallurgy, Bor Lake, Serbia, 2014;


M. Ljubojev: Effect of Stage

Development of Mining Operations on

Maximization the Net Present Value in

Long-Term Planning of Open Pits.

Broj 3, 2015. Mining & Metallurgy Engineering Bor 81

INSTITUT ZA RUDARSTVO I METALURGIJU BOR ISSN: 2334-8836 (Štampano izdanje)

UDK: 622 ISSN: 2406-1395 (Online)

UDK: 622.271:681.8:330.1(045)=111 doi:10.5937/MMEB1503073K

Daniel Kržanović*, Radmilo Rajković*, Miomir Mikić*, Milenko Ljubojev*

ANALIZA MOGUĆNOSTI POVEĆANJA KAPACITETA

OTKOPAVANJA RUDE BAKRA NA POVRŠINSKOM KOPU

JUŽNI REVIR MAJDANPEK NA 11x106 TONA GODIŠNJE

**

Izvod

U radu je izvršena analiza mogućnosti povećanja kapaciteta na površinskom kopu Južni revir sa

aspekta ostvarivanja maksimizacije neto sadašnje vrednosti. Analiza se bazira na kretanju diskonto-

vanog novčanog toka tokom eksploatacionog perioda od 18 godina. Za ovo sagledavanje korišćen je

savremeni pristup projektovanju površinskih kopova primenom softvera Whittle i Gemcom Gems.

Analiza je pokazala pozitivno kretanje diskontovanog novčanog toka od treće godine do kraja

analiziranog perioda, pri čemu se ostvaruje neto sadašnja vrednost u iznosu od 596.252.546 $.

Ključne reči: površinski kop Južni revir Majdanpek, optimizacija granice kopa, fazni razvoj kopa,

neto sadašnja vrednost, softver Whittle, softver Gemcom Gems

* Institut za rudarstvo i metalurgiju Bor, e-mail: [email protected]

** Ovaj rad je proistekao kao rezultat projekta 33021 „Istraživanje i praćenje promena naponsko

deformacijskog stanja u stenskom masivu „in-situ“ oko podzemnih prostorija sa izradom modela sa

posebnim osvrtom na tunel Kriveljske reke i Jame Bor“, koga finansira Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke

i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije

UVOD

Rudarski radovi na površinskom kopu

Južni revir, koji su obustavljeni maja 2009.

godine, nastavljeni su 2012. godine, raskri-

vanjem ležišta na lokaciji Andezitskog prsta,

na osnovu projektovanih tehničkih rešenja

od starne stručnjaka iz Instituta za rudarstvo

i metalurgiju Bor iz Bora [1], [2].

U skladu sa novim strateškim planom

razvoja proizvodnje bakra u RTB-u sa

godišnjim kapacitetom proizvodnje od

80-85.000 t rude, neophodno je povećanje i

kapaciteta otkopavanja i prerade rude na

površinskom kopu Južni revir sa postojećeg

kapaciteta od 8,5 miliona tona na 11

miliona tona na godišnjem nivou. Pored

ostalih, ovo je jedan od preduslova za ostva-

renje profitabilne eksploatacije i prerade

rude bakra.

Dugoročno projektovanje površinskog

kopa i rešenje problema optimizacije ostva-

reno je modeliranjem problema primenom

softvera. Softveri koji su korišćeni, Whittle i

Gems, svoj rad baziraju na algoritmu koji se

primenjuje na trodimenzionalnom blok

modelu rudnog tela Južni revir.

Tehničko-ekonomska analiza izvršena je

u sofveru Whittle, dok je modeliranje ležišta

i konstrukcija optimalne konture kopa i faza

razvoja kopa izvršena u softveru Gemcom

Gems.


PROBLEMATIKA PROIZVODNOG

SISTEMA NA KOPU

Osnovna problematika proizvodnog

sistema na površinskom kopu Južni revir

jeste:

Odstupanje od projektovanog kalen-

darskog plana otkopavanja.

Izvođenje radova van projektovanih

granica kopa.

Kašnjenje u revitalizaciji i sanaciji

rudarskih mašina i infrastukturnih

objekata (transportni sistem za

jalovinu TS-1, drobilično postrojenje

za rudu).

Ispumpavanje rudničkih voda, što je

od presudnog značaja za otkopavanje

rude na kopu, nije započeto. Problem

je i definisanje optimalne tehnologije

prečišćavanja tih voda, kao i samog

postrojenja za prečišćavanje.

Takođe, u narednom periodu neophodno

je da se izvrši izmeštanje kapitalnih infra-

stukturnih objekata i to:

trase državnog puta M22 I B reda,

dela trase postojećeg dalekovoda

35 kV,

korita reke Mali Pek,

gradskog kolektora otpadnih voda.

METODOLOGIJA

Analiza mogućnosti povećanja kapa-

citeta otkopavanja sprovedena je na osnovu

dugoročnog planiranja eksploatacije rude

bakra na površinskom kopu Južni revir.

Sprovedena analiza u ovom radu sa

ciljem postizanja maksimalne neto sadašnje

vrednosti, ostvarena je primenom metoda

geostatističkog modeliranja, metoda dugo-

ročnog planiranja i metoda optimizacije

površinskih kopova.

Procedura je sprovedena je kroz sledeće

korake:

1) Prvi korak predstavlja izradu blok

modela primenom geostatističkih

metoda za analizu i procenu. Mode-

liranje ležišta izvršeno je u softveru

Gemcom Gems.

2) Drugi korak je optimizacija završne

konture površinskog kopa. Osnova

za optimizaciju jeste blok model. U

ovom radu optimizacija površinskog

kopa rude bakra izvršena je u soft-

veru Whittle, koji primenjuje modifi-

kovani Lerchs-Grossmann algoritam.

Softver za generisanje ugnježdenih

kopova i definisanje pushback-ova

koristi tehniku parametrizacije (Re-

venue Factors), a proračun se zasniva

na nediskontovanim novčanim vred-

nostima.

3) Treći korak je definisanje faza raz-

voja površinskog kopa. Osnovni raz-

log za planiranje faznog razvoja kopa

jeste ekonomske prirode, odnosno

maksimizacija neto sadašnje vred-

nosti.

Kod definisanje faza razvoja kopa

zadovoljeni su sledeći zahtevi [3]:

postoji minimalno dozvoljeno ras-

tojanje između granica faza,

postoji minimalna radna širina dna

svake faze,

NPV svake faze je pozitivna,

NPV za definisane faze je maksi-

malna.

Pored ekonomskog, uvažen je i prakti-

čan značaj faznog razvoja kopa, a odnosi se

na problematiku uzrokovanu prevelikim

brojem faza što može da dovede do [3]:

povećanja troškova zbog održa-

vanja više radilišta,

povećanja troškova zbog ponovne

izrade transportnih puteva,


nedovoljne širina radnih platoa za

rad mehanizacije,

povećanog broj osnovne i pomoćne

opreme i dr.

4) Četvrti korak predstavlja definisanje

dinamike otkopavanja. Analiza se

bazira na Milawa algoritmu, koji

podržava softver Whittle, a speci-

fično je namenjen za definisanje di-

namike otkopavanja kod strategije

dugoročnog planiranja eksploatacije.

Modelovanje ležišta

Geološke rezerve ležište bakra Južni

revir Majdanpek sračunate su metodom mini

blokova, pri čemu su dimenzije blokova

15 15 15 m. Osnova za za proračun geolo-

ških rezervi jeste digitalni blok model ležišta

koji je formiran u softveru Gemcom, prime-

nom geostatističkih metoda analize i procene

[4], [5].

Na slici 1 prikazan je trodimenzionalni

izgled blok modela Cu u ležištu Južni

revir.

Sl. 1. Trodimenzionalni izgled blok modela Cu u ležištu Južni revir

Optimizacija granice površinskog kopa

Proces optimizacije sproveden je na

osnovu definisane prodajne cene metala, dis-

kontne stope i troškova i iskorišćenja otko-

pavanja, flotacijske i metalurške prerade.

U tabeli 1 dati polazni parametri koji

su poslužili za definisanje optimalne ko-

nture kopa i definisanje faza otkopa-

vanja.


Tabela 1. Polazni parametri za optimizaciju granice kopa i definisanje faza otkopavanja

Parametar Jedinica Vrednost

Bazne cene metala

Bakra USD/t 6 000,00

Zlata USD/kg 35 000,00

Srebra USD/kg 650,00

Troškovi otkopavanja rude USD/t 1,50

Troškovi otkopavanja jalovine USD/t 2,50

Troškovi flotacijske prerade rude USD/t 3,20

Troškovi metalurške prerade koncentrata

Troškovi proizvodnje bakra iz koncentrata USD/t Cu katode 600,00

Troškovi rafinacije zlata USD/kg 150,00

Troškovi rafinacije srebra USD/kg 15,00

Flotacijsko iskorišćenje bakra iz rude % 86,0

Metalurško iskorišćenje bakra iz rude % 98,5

Ukupno iskorišćenje na zlatu % 50,0

Ukupno iskorišćenje na srebru % 50,0

Diskontna stopa % 10

Kapaciteti otkopavanja rude limitirani su

po godinama, na osnovu procene moguć-

nosti povećanja kapaciteta flotacijske pre-

rade.

Planirana vrednost kapaciteta otkopa-

vanja rude na godišnjem nivou sledeća:

u 1. i 2. godini

6.000.000 t rude

u 3. godini

8.500.000 t rude

u 4. godini do kraja eksploata-

cionog perioda

11.000.000 t rude

Otkopavanje jalovine ograničena je ka-

pacitetom transportnog sistema za jalovinu

TS-1 (27 miliona tona godišnje) i kapaci-

tetom spoljašnjih odlagališta jalovine (tabela

2 i slika 2). Iz tog razloga maksimalni pro-

jektovani kapacitet jalovine iznosi 32 milio-

na tona godišnje.

Tabela 2. Prikaz kapaciteta spoljašnjih odlagališta jalovine

Kapaciteti spoljašnjih odlagališta jalovine Ukupno

Kovej Andezitski prst Bugarski potok Deponija

1 995 000 8 000 000 13 000 000 23 500 000 46 495 000


Sl. 2. Prikaz lokacija kamionskih odlagališta

Optimalna granica otkopavanja površin-

skog kopa dobijena je korišćenjem softvera

za optimizaciju i strateško planiranje povr-

šinskih kopova Whittle [6], [7].

Na slici 3 grafički su prikazani rezultati

optimizacije za baznu cenu bakra od 6.000

USD/t, na osnovu čega se vrši izbor opti-

malne konture kopa i faze razvoja kopa.

Sl. 3. Grafički prikaz rezultata optimizacije (Pit by pit graf)


Sa grafika može se videti da je, za usvo-

jene tehno-ekonomske parametre kao opti-

malan izabran kop broj 25. Izabrani kop ima

ukupno 549.837.135 t iskopina, od čega

175.536.668 t rude i 374.300.467 t otkrivke.

Koeficijent otkrivke iznosi 2,13 t/t.

Definisanje faza razvoja kopa

(pushbacks)

Nakon određivanja konačne granice

otkopavanja, sledeći korak u procesu dizaj-

niranja površinskih kopava jeste definisanje

faza otkopavanja.

U ovom koraku sprovodi se simulacija

i DCF analiza da bi se dobila najpovoljnija

varijanta, odnosno odredio broj faza koji

utiče na maksimizaciju neto sadašnje

vrednosti kod dugoročnog planiranja

kopova.

Na osnovu rezultata optimizacije koja je

grafički prikazana na slici 3, definisane su i

faze otkopavanja i to su kopovi 18 i 22. Na

osnovu potrebe da se dinamikom otkopa-

vanja obezbede potrebne količine rude

shodno zahtevu Investitora, uz minimalne

količine otkrivke neophodno je da se i kop

broj 18 podeli na četiri faze, pri čemu njegov

severni deo predstavlja Fazu 1, istočni Fazu

2 i 3, a južni i zapadni deo su označeni kao

Faza 4. Shodno usvojenom pravilu označa-

vanja faza, kopovi 22 i 25 definisani su kao

Faza 5 i Faza 6, respektivno (slika 4).

Sl. 4. Izgled završne konture (3D prikaz)

a) Faza 1; b) Faza 2; c) Faza 3; d) Faza 4; e) Faza 5; f) Faza 6

Optimizacija dinamike otkopavanja

Dinamika otkopavanja po godinama

eksploatacije dobijena je u softveru

Whittle. Za optimizaciju dinamike otko-

pavanja softver korišćen je Milava algo-

ritam, za režim balansiranja (Milawa Ba-

lanced) [8].

Rezultati optimizacije dinamike otkopa-

vanja prikazani su u tabeli 3.


Tabela 3. Dinamika otkopavanja po godinama i periodima eksploatacije

ZAKLJUČAK

Sprovedena analiza mogućnosti pove-

ćanja kapaciteta na kopu Južni revir obav-

ljena je korišćenjem softvera za optimizaciju

i strateško planiranje površinskih kopova

Whittle, a koja se zasniva na analizi kretanja

diskontovanog novčanog toka tokom eksp-

loatacionog perioda, odnosno ostvarene neto

sadašnje vrednosti, i koja je pokazatelj

postignutih ekonomskih rezultata eksploa-

tacije ležišta Južni revir za zadate početne

uslove. Modeliranje ležišta i konstrukcija

optimalne konture kopa i faza razvoja kopa

izvršena u softveru Gemcom Gems

Na osnovu sprovede analize zaključuje

se sledeće:

1) Postoji mogućnost povećanja kapa-

citeta na otkopavanju rude bakra na

površinskom kopu Južni revir Maj-

danpek, koji se ostvaruje u 4. godi-

ni za analizirani period

2) Vek eksploatacije kopa iznosi 18

godina.

3) Kretanje novčanog toka je pozitiv-

no tokom celog perioda eksploata-

cije, sem u prvoj i drugoj godini

analiziranog perioda.

4) Ostvaruje se neto sadašnja vrednost

u iznosu od 596.252.546 $.

LITERATURA

[1] D. Kržanović i drugi, Studija izvodlji-

vosti eksploatacije ležišta Južni revir u

Rudniku bakra Majdanpek (IRM Bor,

2011. godina)

[2] D. Kržanović i drugi, Dopunski rudar-

ski projekat otkopavanja rude bakra iz

ležišta Južni revir u Rudniku bakra

Majdanpek (IRM Bor)


M. Ljubojev: Effect of stage develop-


ment of mining operations on maximi-

zation the net present value in long-

term planning of open pits, Mining and

Metallurgy Engineering Bor, 4/2014,

pp. 33-40

[4] D. Kržanović, M. Žikić, R. Pantović:

Important improvement of utilization

the available geological reserves of the

South mining district deposit in Maj-

danpek in the new defined optimum

contour of the open pit using the Whit-

tle and Gemcom softwares, Rudarski

radovi – Mining Engineering, Institut

za rudarstvo i metalurgiju Bor, 2012,

pp 29-36.

[5] D. Kržanović, M. Žikić, Z. Vaduves-

ković: Innovated block model of the

copper ore deposit South mining dis-

trict-Majdanpek as a basis for analysis

the optimum development of open pit

using the software packages Whittle

and Gemcom, Rudarski radovi – Min-

ing Engineering, Institut za rudarstvo i

metalurgiju Bor, 2011, pp 69-76

[6] G Whittle, W Stange and N Hanson,

Optimising Project Value and Robust-

ness, Project Evaluation Conference,

Melbourne, Vic, 19 - 20 June 2007, pp.

1-10

[7] D. Kržanović, R. Rajković, M. Mikić:

The effect of open pit slope design on

net present value for long term plan-

ning, The 46th International October

Conference on Mining and Metallurgy,

Borsko jezero, Serbia, 2014


M. Ljubojev: Effect of stage develop-

ment of mining operations on maximi-

zation the net present value in long-

term planning of open pits

analysis the possibility of increasing capacity of...

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