analysis optimization and monitoring system
TRANSCRIPT
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NO. Content Page
Chapter one Introduction 2
1.1 Energy sector in Palestine 2
1.2 Power system 3
1.3 Load flow analysis 4
1.4 Etab power station 5
1.5 SCADA System 6
1.5.1 SCADA hardware 6
1.5.2 SCADA software 6
1.6 About project 8
Chapter two Elements of the network 9
2.1 Distribution transformer 10
2.2 Medium voltage lines 11
2.2.1 Over head lines 11
2.2.2 Underground cables 12
2.2.3 Daily load curve 12
Chapter three Maximum Load Case Analysis 13
3.1 Maximum load case 14
3.2 Problems 14
3.3 The Maximum Load Case Improvement 15
3.4 Overloaded Transformers Problem 17
3.5 New connection Point Study for the maximum load case
18
3.6 Improving the network with the new connection point
19
Chapter four Minimum Load Case Study 20
4.1 Minimum Case Study 21
4.2 Minimum Load Study After The Connection Point And Solving Overloaded Transformers Problem
22
Chapter five Economical Study 24
Chapter six Monitoring System 27
6.1 Monitoring System 28
6.2 Current Measurement 28
6.3 Voltage Measurement 29
6.4 Power Factor Measurement 31
6.5 Frequency Measurement 33
6.6 The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) 34
Appendices Tables 36
References 101
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Chapter One
Introduction
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Page 2
1.1 Energy Sector in Palestine
Energy sector in Palestine faced many difficulties because of occupation. Till now
there is no unified power system in Palestine. Most of electrical energy depends on
IEC Company except Jericho which connected with Jordan and Gaza to Egypt
(17MW) through the interconnection project. The only generation plant is in Gaza
with generating capacity of 140MW. Distribution companies take the role of
distributing electricity in the different regions of Palestine.
The average annual growth rate of energy demand in west bank is 6.4%, and in Gaza
is 10% from 1999 to 2005. The following figure shows the growth pattern in West
Bank, Gaza Strip and the total Palestine forecast:
Fig. 1.1
The following table shows the forecast summary - peak demand (MW):
Table1.1
2025 2020 2015 2010 2009 2008 Year
1,714 1,347 1,059 885 845 806 Total
1,012 809 646 548 525 502 W.B.
701 538 413 336 320 303 Gaza
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Po
we
r (M
W)
Year
Power Demand
Total
W.B.
Gaza
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1.2 Power System
The power system in general consists of these parts:
1. Generating station: And this part consists of
a. Generators in which electric power is produced by 3-phase alternators
operating in parallel. And usually electric power is generated at voltages of
12kv to 25kv.
b. Sub-station, where the power transformers step up the voltage to between
66kv 1000kv.
1. Primary transmission. The electric power at high voltages is transmitted by 3-
phase 3-wire overhead system to the outskirts of the city. This forms the primary
transmission.
2. Secondary transmission. The primary transmission line terminates at the
receiving station which usually lies at the outskirts of the city. At the receiving
station the voltage is reduced to 33kv or 22kv by step-down transformers.
3. Primary distribution. the secondary transmission line terminates at the sub-
station where voltage is reduced from the secondary voltage to the primary
distribution voltage usually 11kv could be 6.6kv 3-phase 3-wire .the 11kv lines
run along the important road sides of the city. And forms the primary
distribution.
4. Secondary distribution. The electric power form primary distribution line is
delivered to distribution sub-stations. These sub-stations are located near the
consumers localities and step down the voltage to 400v 3-phase 4-wire for
secondary distribution. And this forms secondary distribution.
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1.3 Load Flow Analysis
Load flow analysis is probably the most important of all network calculations since it concerns the network performance in its normal operating conditions. It is performed to investigate the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in the system components. Load flow analysis has a great importance in future expansion planning, in stability studies and in determining the best economical operation for existing systems. Also load flow results are very valuable for setting the proper protection devices to insure the security of the system. In order to perform a load flow study, full data must be provided about the studied system, such as connection diagram, parameters of transformers and lines, rated values of each equipment, and the assumed values of real and reactive power for each load.
Bus Classification
Each bus in the system has four variables: voltage magnitude, voltage angle, real power and reactive power. During the operation of the power system, each bus has two known variables and two unknowns. Generally, the bus must be classified as one of the following bus types:
1. Swing Bus
This bus is considered as the reference bus. It must be connected to a generator of high rating relative to the other generators. During the operation, the voltage of this bus is always specified and remains constant in magnitude and angle. In addition to the generation assigned to it according to economic operation, this bus is responsible for supplying the losses of the system.
2. Voltage Controlled Bus
During the operation the voltage magnitude at this the bus is kept constant. Also, the active power supplied is kept constant at the value that satisfies the economic operation of the system. Most probably, this bus is connected to a generator where the voltage is controlled using the excitation and the power is controlled using the prime mover control (as you have studied in the last experiment). Sometimes, this bus is connected to a VAR device where the voltage can be controlled by varying the value of the injected VAR to the bus.
3. Load Bus
This bus is not connected to a generator so that neither its voltage nor its real power
can be controlled. On the other hand, the load connected to this bus will change the
active and reactive power at the bus in a random manner. To solve the load flow
problem we have to assume the complex power value (real and reactive) at this bus.
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1.4 ETAP Power Station
ETAP Load Flow software performs power flow analysis and voltage drop calculations
with accurate and reliable results. Built-in features like automatic equipment
evaluation, alerts and warnings summary, load flow result analyzer, and intelligent
graphics make it the most efficient electrical power flow analysis tool available
today.
ETAP load flow calculation program calculates bus voltages, branch power factors,
currents, and power flows throughout the electrical system. ETAP allows for swing,
voltage regulated, and unregulated power sources with unlimited power grids and
generator connections.
Fig. 1.2
http://etap.com/load-analyzer/load-analyzer.htm
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1.5 SCADA System
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) generally refers to industrial control systems (ICS): computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes, Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.
1.5.1 SCADA hardware. A SCADA system consists of a number of remote terminal units (RTUs) collecting field data and sending that data back to a master station, via a communication system. The master station displays the acquired data and allows the operator to perform remote control tasks. The accurate and timely data allows for optimization of the plant operation and process. Other benefits include more efficient, reliable and most importantly, safer operations. These results in a lower cost of operation compared to earlier non-automated systems. On a more complex SCADA system there are essentially five levels or hierarchies:
Field level instrumentation and control devices.
Marshalling terminals and RTUs.
Communications system.
The master station(s).
The commercial data processing department computer system. The RTU provides an interface to the field analog and digital sensors situated at each remote site. The communications system provides the pathway for communication between the master station and the remote sites. This communication system can be wire, fiber optic, radio, telephone line, microwave and possibly even satellite. Specific protocols and error detection philosophies are used for efficient and optimum transfer of data. The master station (or sub-masters) gather data from the various RTUs and generally provide an operator interface for display of information and control of the remote sites. In large telemetry systems, sub-master sites gather information from remote sites and act as a relay back to the control master station.
1.5.2 SCADA software SCADA software can be divided into two types, proprietary or open. Companies develop proprietary software to communicate to their hardware. These systems are sold as turnkey solutions. The main problem with this system is the overwhelming reliance on the supplier of the system. Open software systems have gained popularity because of the interoperability they bring to the system. Interoperability is the ability to mix different manufacturers equipment on the same system. Citect and WonderWare are just two of the open software packages available in the market for SCADA systems. Some packages are now including asset management integrated within the SCADA system. The typical components of a SCADA system are indicated in the next diagram.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_control_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_processhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrication_(metal)
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Fig 1.3 Key features of SCADA software are: User interface Graphics displays Alarms Trends RTU (and PLC) interface Scalability Access to data Database Networking Fault tolerance and redundancy Client/server distributed processing
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1.6 About Project
The aim of this project is to do load flow study for the network of Tubas Electrical
Distribution Company (TEDCO). Then make a simulation for monitoring system for
the network. In this system the supervision part of monitoring systems will be done.
The electrical supply of the network is provided by IEC through 33KV overhead
transmission cables. The main connection point of the network is in Tyaseer with
capacity of 15MVA. And TEDCO distribute the electricity for the consumers. The
company is planning to add new connection point in Al Zawya.
TEDCO already has a small SCADA system. Which monitors the main lines of every
town, and for the transmission of the data from the RTUs they use SMS through
JAWWAL network. SMS method for the transmission of data is not reliable because
the system will not be online monitored they receive data every one hour also it is
expensive. The company plans to get internet through the power line, when they do
they will use it to monitor the network online.
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Chapter two
Elements of the Network
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2.1 Distribution Transformers
The network consists of 141 distribution transformer (33/0.4Y (KV)). The
transformers range from 50KVA to 630 KVA the following table shows them in
details:
Table 2.1
Number of Transformers Rating (KVA)
4 50
15 100
19 160
43 250
33 400
27 630
Fig 2.1
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2.2 Medium Voltage Lines
2.2.1 Overhead Lines
The overhead lines used in the network are ACSR cables with different
diameters as the following table:
Table 2.2
Cable Name Cross sectional area
(mm2)
R (/Km) X (/Km) Nominal Capacity (A)
Ostrich 150 0.19 0.28 350
Cochin 110 0.25 0.29 300
Lenghorn 70 0.39 0.31 180
Aprpcot 50 0.81 0.29 130
Fig 2.2
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2.2.2 Underground Cables
The underground cables used in the network are XLPE Cu (95 mm2)
Table 2.3
Diameter (mm2) R (/Km) X (/Km)
95 0.41 0.121
Fig 2.3
2.3 The daily load curve The daily load curve of the network is shown in the figure below:
Fig2.4
The daily load curve shows the maximum and the minimum demand over the day,
these values help in the analysis of the network.
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Chapter three
Maximum Load Case Analysis
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3.1 Maximum load case
Considering the maximum demand in the daily load curve (fig2.4), it is found that the
maximum load equals two and half of the average load.
Then analyze the network using ETAP power station.
Cables lengths and resistances are shown in appendix 1.
The transformers loading are shown in appendix 2.
3.2 Problems
After the analysis of this case the following problems appeared:
Under voltage buses (Appendix 3).
Overloaded transformer (Appendix 4).
Power factor less than 92%
Table 3.1 summarizes the results of the network analysis in the maximum load case
(total generation, demand, loading, percentage of losses, and the total power
factor.)
Table 3.1
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 16.755 7.474 18.346 91.33 lag.
Generators: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Demand: 16.755 7.474 18.346 91.33 lag.
Total Motor Load: 9.368 4.148 10.245
91.44 lag.
Total Static Load: 6.760 2.245 7.123 94.9 lag.
Apparent Losses: 0.627 1.081
1. The P.F in the network equal 90.75 and this value causes a lot of problem
specially paying banalities and this value must be (0.92-0.95) the P.F is
related to the current in the network according that when P.F is poor the
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current in the network is high this also can cause increasing the loses in the
network .
2. The PF improvement will show that the current will decrease, as a result the
losses will decrease
3. It is seen that the voltages on the buses are not acceptable. These voltages will be
less at the consumer side, under the machines rating which will cause a many
problems for the consumer.
3.3 The Maximum Load Case Improvement
There are different methods in order to improve the network to increase the
voltages and to put the PF within the range. Which will reduce the losses then the
problems for the consumer will decrease and the cost of KWH will decrease.
These methods are:
1. Tab changing in the transformer:
In this method the ratio of the taps on the transformer is changed in a range
of -5% to 5%. In this project the taps were changed to 5%. The location of the
changed taps is shown in Appendix 5
2. Adding capacitors:
The capacitors were added to reduce the reactive power which increases the
PF and the voltages of the buses. First the capacitor is added at the lowest
voltage bus then the one which have the larger voltage and so on. When
adding capacitors the PF should be lagging and more than 95%. The location
of the capacitor banks is shown in Appendix 6.
As mentioned adding capacitors will improve the PF.
The low PF cause problems as:
Higher Apparent Current.
Higher Losses in the Electrical Distribution network.
Low Voltage in the network.
Paying penalties.
Improving the power factor will avoid these problems.
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Capacitor banks will increase the PF as the following:
Where:
Qc: the reactive power to be compensated by the capacitor. P: the real power of the load. old: the actual power angle. New: the proposed power angle. According to the previous equation the value of capacitor banks needed to be added in the network is:
PF old = 91.33%
PF new = 92% at least
Capacitor banks should be connected in delta connection on the low voltage side of the
transformer.
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Table 3.2 shows summary for the results after adding the capacitors:
Table 3.2
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 17.423 6.946 18.757 92.89 lag
Total Demand: 17.423 6.946 18.757 92.89 lag
Total Motor Load: 9.368 4.148 10.245 91.44 lag
Total Static Load: 7.399 1.668 7.585 97.55 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.656 1.131
Voltages on the busses after improvement are shown in appendix 7.
3.4 Overloaded Transformers Problem After the improvement of the network in the maximum case there is the problem of the overloaded transformers. This problem was solved by changing transformers locations where the transformers which are large and the load on them small were changed with small highly loaded transformers. Then another transformers connected in parallel with the left overloaded transformers this will need to buy new transformers. Appendix 8 shows the operation of transformer changing. Table 3.3 shows the transformers which are needed to be bought: Table 3.3
Number of transformers KVA
6 630
1 250
Table 3.4 shows the extra transformers left after solving the overloaded transformers problem: Table 3.4
Number of transformers KVA
1 100
1 50
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Table 3.5 summarizes the analysis results after changing transformers
Table 3.5
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 17.388 6.867 18.695 93.01 lag
Total Demand: 17.388 6.867 18.695 93.01 lag
Total Motor Load: 9.394 4.163 10.275 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 7.374 1.664 7.559 97.55 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.620 1.039
The voltages on the buses after changing the transformers are shown in Appendix 9.
3.5 New connection Point Study for the maximum load case
Tubas Electrical Distribution Company (TEDCO) is planning to add new connection
point for the company in Zawya area. This connection point is 5MVA rated.
Appendix 10 shows the voltages on the busses after adding the new connection
point. It is seen that the voltages after the new connection point were enhanced and
the losses decreased. And the power factor increased.
The following table shows the results summary after the new connection point
Table 3.6
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 17.430 6.622 18.646 93.48 lag
Total Demand: 17.430 6.622 18.646 93.48 lag
Total Motor Load: 9.394 4.163 10.275 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 7.599 1.712 7.790 97.55 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.437 0.747
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3.6 Improving the network with the new connection point
As before the improvement is done by tap changing and adding capacitor banks.
The changed taps and the added capacitor banks are shown in Appendix 11
The operating voltages are shown in the same appendix.
Now all buses are operating over 100% voltages. This will make the voltages reach to
the consumer with fewer losses.
The results of the improving are summarized in the following table
Table 3.7
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 17.454 6.558 18.645 93.61 lag.
Total Demand: 17.454 6.558 18.645 93.61 lag
Total Motor Load: 9.394 4.163 10.275 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 7.624 1.650 7.801 97.74 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.435 0.744
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Chapter Four
Minimum Load Case Study
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4.1 Minimum Case Study
In the minimum load case the load is assumed to be half the maximum load.
The network analysis in this case shows the results in table 4.1
Table4.1
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 8.381 3.480 9.075 92.36 lag
Total Demand: 8.381 3.480 9.075 92.36 lag
Total Motor Load: 4.699 2.082 5.140 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 3.529 1.132 3.706 95.22 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.153 0.265
Appendix 12 shows the voltages on the buses for this case. It is noticed that these
voltages better than the voltages on the maximum load case.
Now taking the taps fixed as in the maximum load case the results shows that all the
buses have good voltage level and the power factor is in the range so no need to add
capacitor banks for this case, so the capacitor banks used in the network are all
regulated.
The following table shows the analysis summary with the taps changed
Table4.2
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 8.720 3.614 9.439 92.38 lag
Total Demand: 8.720 3.614 9.439 92.38 lag
Total Motor Load: 4.699 2.082 5.140 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 3.855 1.244 4.051 95.17 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.166 0.287
Voltages on buses after changing taps are shown in appendix 13
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4.2 Minimum Load Study After The Connection Point And Solving
Overloaded Transformers Problem
After solving overloaded transformers problem, as seen before some transformers
were changed and new transformers connected in parallel with some of overloaded
transformers. Also the new connection point is connected to the network.
The results for minimum load study in this case are shown in the following table4.3
Table 4.3
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 8.738 3.541 9.428 92.68 lag
Total Demand: 8.738 3.541 9.428 92.68 lag
Total Motor Load: 4.699 2.082 5.140 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 3.928 1.270 4.128 95.15 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.111 0.189
Appendix 14 Shows the voltages on the buses in the minimum case after changing
the transformers and connecting the new connection point.
It is noticed that the voltages and the power factor in this case are good, so no need
to add new capacitor banks to the network in this case, therefore all capacitor banks
connected are regulated. Also it can be seen that the losses decreased.
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The final results for the minimum load case are summarized in the following
table:
Table 4.4
MW MVAR MVA % PF
Swing Bus(es): 8.755 3.548 9.447 92.68 lag
Total Demand: 8.755 3.548 9.447 92.68 lag
Total Motor Load: 4.699 2.082 5.140 91.43 lag
Total Static Load: 3.945 1.276 4.146 95.15 lag
Apparent Losses: 0.111 0.190
The final voltages for the maximum case are shown in appendix 15
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Chapter Five
Economical Study
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Economical study
In this chapter economical study for the network will be done. This study is needed
to know whether it is reliable to connect the capacitor banks to the network or not.
Capacitor banks are reliable to be added to the network if their cost is acceptable
compared with the losses cost and power factor penalties, and their payback period
less than.
From this study the company can define its plans for the network.
In order to calculate the penalties on the low power factor, it is needed to know the
relation between low power factor and the penalty which is shown in the following
table
Table 4.1
PF Penalties
Over 92% No penalties
From 80% to 92% 1% of the total bill for every 1% decrease of PF
From 70% to 80% 1.25% of the total bill for every 1% decrease of PF
Less than 70% 1.5% of the total bill for every 1% decrease of PF
The amount of reactive power added to the network by capacitor banks is
The following parameters needed for the economical study:
P max= 16.755 MW
P min= 8.381 MW
Losses before improvement = 0.627 MW
Losses after improvement = 0.435 MW
PF before improvement = 91.33%
PF after improvement= 93.61%
The following calculations need to be applied to do the economical study:
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NIS
NIS
Cost of losses:
Losses before improvement = 627 0.748 = 468.996 KW
Energy = 468.996 8760 = 410.8404 104 KWH
Total cost=410.8404 104 0.45 = 1848782.232 NIS/YEAR
Losses after improvement = 435000 0.748 = 325.38 KW
Energy=325.38 8760 = 285.03288 104 KWH
Cost of losses=285.03288 104 0.45 = 128.2647 104 NIS/YEAR
= 566134 NIS/YEAR
Total capacitor = 905 KVAR
Cost per KVAR with control circuit = 15JD = 90NIS
Total cost of capacitors=905 90 = 81450 NIS
Total cost of transformers = 6 * 8200$ + 1 * 4000$
= 53200$ = 186200 NIS
Total investment cost = 81450 + 186200 = 267650 NIS
=3310072 + 566134 = 3876206 NIS
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Chapter Six
Monitoring System
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6.1 Monitoring System
The second part of the project is to simulate monitoring system for the network. PIC
microcontroller is used to do the monitoring. Monitoring the network is important to the
electricity distributers, it make them make a better informed real time decisions and helps
them for future planning for the grid.
The monitoring system designed in this project concentrates on the supervision part of
monitoring systems.
The monitoring system designed for this project consists of the following parts:
Measurement devices.
The remote terminal unit (RTU).
Computer interface.
6.2 Current Measurement
It is important for the network supervisor to know the current in the network, because high
short circuit currents can cause severe damages in the system if they are not cured. The
supervisor can do the needed procedures for high currents before they cause the damage,
that if the protective devices in the network did not work well.
In this project the following circuit is used to measure the current:
Fig 6.1
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The current transformer (C.T) gives 4 volts at 10 amperes flowing in the primary side, then
the output voltage of the current transformer and according to Ohms law is divided on the
resistor connected in parallel with the transformer.
The signal then amplified by the op-amp (op amp amplification ratio is
) but this amplifier
inverse the signal so the buffer is used to get the signal in its actual shape. The buffer also
do the task of current isolation, to prevent relatively high current to damage the electronic
components in the next stage.
After this stage a rectifier circuit is used to take the peak of the voltage signal, to be in the
range of the microcontroller input. The rectifier circuit shown in the next figure
Fig 6.2
The low pass filter is to remove the high frequencies. The diode is to cut the negative half
wave of the voltage signal. The capacitor is to smooth the output DC signal.
6.3 Voltage Measurement
Voltage is another important parameter in the network, low voltages causes high currents. It
is needed to keep the voltages in a good range to keep the machines on the consumer side
work effectively and to reduce the losses in the network.
The way used to measure the voltage in this project is shown in the following circuit
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Fig 6.3
Here conventional transformer is used here instead of the potential transformer because it
is cheaper. The transformer ration is 220v:3.6v, as before the buffer is used for current
isolation and impedance matching.
As in the current measurement it is needed to rectify the voltage output signal to match the
controller output. The circuit is shown in figure
Fig 6.4
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6.4 Power Factor Measurement
The power factor is defined as cosine the angle between current and voltage signals. Here
the current and voltage signals will be transform to pulses, then they will be injected to PLL
(CD4046), the output of PLL will be the puls which its width represents the phase shift
between the signals.
The circuit to transform the signals from sign waves to a puls is shown below
Fig 6.5
Two distinct circuits will be needed to transform current and voltage signals to pulses. The
input of the circuit used for current signal is from circuit in figure 6.1. and the voltage signal
is from circuit in figure 6.3.
Fig 6.6
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The output of the PLL will be connected to B0 input of the microcontroller. Figure 6.6 shows
this operation.
6.1.1 shows the two signals A and B.
6.1.2 shows signal A pulses.
6.1.3 shows signal B pulses.
6.1.4 shows the output of PLL
Fig 6.7
A counter in the microcontroller will count the duration of the phase shift signal. The 50Hz
signal will have a duration of 20ms and 3600 so the angle of the phase shift will be found
according to the following relation (assume the duration of the phase shift puls is T and the
angle between the signals is ).
Then the power factor will be cosine the angle.
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6.5 Frequency Measurement
In the frequency measurement the circuit in figure 6.3 in addition to other PLL will be
used. The output of the circuit will be sent to microcontroller and to the PLL, the
second input of the PLL will be a fixed signal with 20ms(i.e. 50Hz) from the
microcontroller will be applied to it.
The output of the PLL will be the difference between the fixed signal from the
microcontroller and the voltage pulses, the difference duration will be either added
or subtracted from the 50Hz. Addition and subtraction will be according to the
voltage puls duration, if it is more than 20ms it will be subtracted if less it will be
added. The duration of the voltage puls will be counted in the microcontroller.
Assume the duration of the PLL output is X and the voltage signal duration is Y
If Y>20ms then,
Else if Y
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6.6 The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
The remote terminal unit control and send the data collected from the network
process them and send them to the supervision computer. The microcontroller used
in the RTU is PIC16F877A. PIC microcontroller is used because it is simple, available
all the time, and cheap.
The basic circuit for this microcontroller is shown in fig 6.9 below.
Fig 6.9
The data from the measurement devices is not the actual values for the network
parameters, calibration is done for the measurement devices and the values of the
measurement devices is multiplied by the factors in the microcontroller to return to
their actual value, then these values will be send to the computer.
To connect the microcontroller to the computer MAX232 is used to send the data
serially to the computer through RS232. As in the circuit in figure 6.10.
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Fig 6.10
In the computer an application programmed using C# programming language to read
the data from the serial port and preview them.
Pictures for the project in appendix A16
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Appendix 1
Cables lengths and resistances
X () R () area (mm2) L (km) NR NS
0.28 0.19 150 1 2 1
0.7 0.475 150 2.5 3 2
0.1204 0.0817 150 0.43 03 3
0.10304 0.06992 150 0.368 4 03
0.14 0.095 150 0.5 5 4
0.084 0.057 150 0.3 6 5
0.0308 0.0209 150 0.11 7 6
0.0145 0.0125 110 0.05 8 7
0.029 0.025 110 0.1 9 8
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 10 9
0.1705 0.2145 70 0.55 11 10
0.093 0.117 70 0.3 12 11
0.062 0.078 70 0.2 13 12
0.093 0.117 70 0.3 14 12
0.43834 0.55146 70 1.414 15 14
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 16 15
0.217 0.273 70 0.7 17 16
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 18 17
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 19 18
0.093 0.117 70 0.3 20 19
0.0465 0.0585 70 0.15 21 20
0.1395 0.1755 70 0.45 021 21
0.0496 0.0624 70 0.16 22 021
0.062 0.078 70 0.2 23 22
0.124 0.156 70 0.400 64 021
0.37944 0.47736 70 1.224 65 64
0.217 0.273 70 0.700 66 64
0.31 0.39 70 1.000 67 66
0.18414 0.23166 70 0.594 71 66
0.0155 0.0195 70 0.050 72 66
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 68 67
0.36301 0.45669 70 1.171 70 68
0.09424 0.11856 70 0.304 69 68
0.2232 0.2808 70 0.720 73 72
0.155 0.195 70 0.500 74 73
0.37107 0.46683 70 1.197 75 72
0.31 0.39 70 1.000 76 75
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 77 76
0.3875 0.4875 70 1.250 78 77
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0.372 0.468 70 1.200 80 78
0.031 0.039 70 0.100 79 78
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 24 23
0.031 0.039 70 0.1 25 24
0.062 0.078 70 0.2 26 25
0.062 0.078 70 0.2 27 24
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 28 22
0.031 0.039 70 0.1 29 28
0.0465 0.0585 70 0.15 30 28
0.031 0.039 70 0.1 31 22
0.155 0.195 70 0.5 32 20
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 33 32
0.0465 0.0585 70 0.15 34 19
0.031 0.039 70 0.1 35 34
0.248 0.312 70 0.8 36 35
0.372 0.468 70 1.2 37 36
0.0527 0.0663 70 0.17 38 36
0.465 0.585 70 1.5 39 34
0.093 0.117 70 0.3 40 39
0.1085 0.1365 70 0.35 41 39
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 42 17
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 43 16
0.124 0.156 70 0.4 44 15
0.465 0.585 70 1.5 45 14
0.713 0.897 70 2.3 46 45
0.372 0.468 70 1.2 47 45
0.83545 1.05105 70 2.695 48 14
0.31 0.39 70 1 49 48
0.155 0.195 70 0.5 50 49
0.24738 0.31122 70 0.798 51 50
0.155 0.195 70 0.5 52 51
0.2325 0.2925 70 0.75 53 52
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.25 54 53
0.031 0.039 70 0.1 55 53
0.93 1.17 70 3 56 51
1.24 1.56 70 4 57 56
0.093 0.117 70 0.3 58 50
0.062 0.078 70 0.2 59 50
0.0532 0.0361 150 0.19 60 5
0.0968 0.328 UG 95 0.8 61 60
0.196 0.133 150 0.7 62 61
0.476 0.323 150 1.7 63 62
0.058 0.05 110 0.2 180 82
0.2407 0.2075 110 0.83 181 180
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0.058 0.05 110 0.2 182 180
0.1044 0.09 110 0.360 81 7
0.058 0.05 110 0.200 82 81
0.1247 0.1075 110 0.430 83 82
0.145 0.125 110 0.500 85 83
0.3277 0.2825 110 1.130 86 85
0.319 0.275 110 1.100 87 85
0.377 0.325 110 1.300 88 87
0.058 0.05 110 0.200 89 87
0.0348 0.03 110 0.120 90 89
0.1247 0.1075 110 0.430 92 90
0.29 0.25 110 1.000 93 92
0.58 0.5 110 2.000 94 93
0.1363 0.1175 110 0.470 95 93
0.6815 0.5875 110 2.350 96 95
0.0435 0.0375 110 0.150 97 96
0.203 0.175 110 0.700 98 97
0.3393 0.2925 110 1.170 99 98
0.145 0.125 110 0.500 100 99
0.058 0.05 110 0.200 101 100
0.07859 0.06775 110 0.271 102 101
0.087 0.075 110 0.300 103 101
0.1131 0.0975 110 0.390 104 103
0.0558 0.0702 70 0.180 106 103
0.7285 0.9165 70 2.350 107 106
0.2325 0.2925 70 0.750 108 107
0.124 0.156 70 0.400 109 108
0.2077 0.2613 70 0.670 110 109
0.434 0.546 70 1.400 111 110
0.031 0.039 70 0.100 112 109
0.992 1.248 70 3.200 113 112
0.155 0.195 70 0.500 114 113
0.1085 0.1365 70 0.350 115 113
0.558 0.702 70 1.800 116 115
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.250 117 116
0.1178 0.1482 70 0.380 118 116
0.62 0.78 70 2.000 119 118
0.124 0.156 70 0.400 120 119
0.1612 0.2028 70 0.520 121 119
0.093 0.117 70 0.300 122 121
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.250 123 118
0.5084 0.6396 70 1.640 124 123
0.62 0.78 70 2.000 125 123
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0.124 0.156 70 0.400 126 125
0.2542 0.3198 70 0.820 127 125
0.155 0.195 70 0.500 128 123
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 129 128
0.248 0.312 70 0.800 130 128
0.217 0.273 70 0.700 131 130
0.5332 0.6708 70 1.720 132 131
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 133 132
0.0775 0.0975 70 0.250 151 100
0.031 0.039 70 0.100 152 151
0.775 0.975 70 2.500 153 152
0.0372 0.0468 70 0.120 154 153
0.0992 0.1248 70 0.320 155 153
0.062 0.078 70 0.200 156 155
0.031 0.039 70 0.100 157 156
0.434 0.546 70 1.400 158 156
0.0992 0.1248 70 0.320 159 155
0.031 0.039 70 0.100 160 159
0.527 0.663 70 1.700 161 159
0.1953 0.2457 70 0.630 162 161
0.2635 0.3315 70 0.850 163 162
0.62 0.78 70 2.000 164 163
0.31 0.39 70 1.000 165 163
0.31 0.39 70 1.000 166 165
0.465 0.585 70 1.500 167 166
0.093 0.117 70 0.300 168 167
0.775 0.975 70 2.500 169 168
0.1705 0.2145 70 0.550 170 151
0.837 1.053 70 2.700 171 170
0.0465 0.0585 70 0.150 172 171
0.527 0.663 70 1.700 173 172
0.248 0.312 70 0.800 174 172
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 175 174
0.093 0.117 70 0.300 176 175
0.2015 0.2535 70 0.650 177 175
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 134 96
0.186 0.234 70 0.600 0.0134 134
0.372 0.468 70 1.200 135 134
0.093 0.117 70 0.300 136 135
0.093 0.117 70 0.300 137 136
0.93 1.17 70 3.000 138 136
0.124 0.156 70 0.400 139 138
0.0465 0.0585 70 0.150 140 139
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0.155 0.195 70 0.500 141 140
0.093 0.057 150 0.300 142 140
0.186 0.114 150 0.600 143 140
0.062 0.038 150 0.200 144 143
0.155 0.095 150 0.500 145 144
0.713 0.437 150 2.300 146 138
0.124 0.076 150 0.400 147 146
0.0775 0.0475 150 0.250 148 146
0.155 0.095 150 0.500 149 148
0.02077 0.01273 150 0.067 150 148
0.1302 0.0798 UG 95 0.420 84 83
0.155 0.095 UG 95 0.500 91 90
0.0682 0.0418 UG 95 0.220 105 104
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Appendix 2
Transformers Loading
Transformer PF S
rated S average S max LF max S min LF min
Tubas-Housing 0.999 250 104.7899 209.5798 0.838319 104.7899 0.41916
Tubas- Abu Omar 0.934 400 199.8465 399.693 0.999233 199.8465 0.499616
Tubas-Almaslamani
0.944 630 186.4631 372.9262 0.591946 186.4631 0.295973
Tubas-Allan 0.914 250 112.6163 225.2326 0.90093 112.6163 0.450465
Tubas-Almasaeed 0.937 250 183.8042 367.6084 1.470434 183.8042 0.735217
Tubas-Alhawooz 0.955 400 190.5618 381.1236 0.952809 190.5618 0.476405
Tubas-Station 0.947 630 187.8887 375.7774 0.596472 187.8887 0.298236
Tubas- Aldaqanyia 0.944 250 81.0795 162.159 0.648636 81.0795 0.324318
Tubas-Alenabosi 0.968 250 47.02444 94.04888 0.376196 47.02444 0.188098
Tubas-Althoghra 0.933 160 56.73022 113.4604 0.709128 56.73022 0.354564
Tubas-Sameeh 0.94 250 14.06143 28.12286 0.112491 14.06143 0.056246
Tubas-Alaqaba 0.681 400 53.82302 107.646 0.269115 53.82302 0.134558
Tubas- Brick Factory
0.946 400 70.51845 141.0369 0.352592 70.51845 0.176296
Tubas- Aldayr 0.934 250 25.70299 51.40598 0.205624 25.70299 0.102812
Tubas- Almasriya 0.938 250 32.43101 64.86202 0.259448 32.43101 0.129724
Tubas-Spanish 0.949 100 10.68236 21.36472 0.213647 10.68236 0.106824
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Tubas- Khalet Alloz
0.836 160 1.30705 2.6141 0.016338 1.30705 0.008169
Tubas-Alsafeh Northern
0.979 160 7.770959 15.54192 0.097137 7.770959 0.048568
Tubas-Transformers
Factory 0.897 400 7.405304 14.81061 0.037027 7.405304 0.018513
Tubas-Concrete Factory
0.983 250 14.55556 29.11112 0.116444 14.55556 0.058222
Tubas- Salhab(Alkaraj)
0.999 100 2.134035 4.26807 0.042681 2.134035 0.02134
Tubas- Well 0.951 630 7.554617 15.10923 0.023983 7.554617 0.011991
Aqaba- Eastern 0.9419 400 175.7835 351.567 0.878918 175.7835 0.439459
Aqaba- Western 0.888 400 194.3629 388.7258 0.971815 194.3629 0.485907
Aqaba- Gas Station
0.8 630 6.616667 13.23333 0.021005 6.616667 0.010503
Alfara Camp- Old Station
0.936 630 341.9371 683.8742 1.085515 341.9371 0.542757
Alfara Camp- Western
0.952 400 136.6954 273.3908 0.683477 136.6954 0.341739
Alfara Camp- Aleen
1 630 31.52777 63.05554 0.100088 31.52777 0.050044
Alfara Camp- School
0.921 250 59.96289 119.9258 0.479703 59.96289 0.239852
Alfara Camp- Water Well
0.979 400 68.63228 137.2646 0.343161 68.63228 0.171581
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Alfara Camp- Alhawooz
0.953 400 1.187308 2.374616 0.005937 1.187308 0.002968
Wadi Alfara- Refat
0.888 400 116.4501 232.9002 0.582251 116.4501 0.291125
Wadi Alfara- Alhafreya
0.931 250 92.28379 184.5676 0.73827 92.28379 0.369135
Wadi Alfara- Alkazya
0.952 400 163.7862 327.5724 0.818931 163.7862 0.409466
Wadi Alfara- Aleen
1 630 42.88888 85.77776 0.136155 42.88888 0.068078
Wadi Alfara - Albasaten
0.972 630 136.1433 272.2866 0.432201 136.1433 0.2161
Wadi Alfara - Alsafeena
0.946 400 73.03442 146.0688 0.365172 73.03442 0.182586
Wadi Alfara - Sameet Tareq
0.917 250 14.71249 29.42498 0.1177 14.71249 0.05885
Wadi Alfara - Sameet Khader
0.911 250 70.99563 141.9913 0.567965 70.99563 0.283983
Wadi Alfara Sameer
0.931 250 60.32318 120.6464 0.482585 60.32318 0.241293
Wadi Alfara - Yaseedi Eastern
0.96 160 7.173338 14.34668 0.089667 7.173338 0.044833
Wadi Alfara-Yaseedi Western
0.968 250 13.53976 27.07952 0.108318 13.53976 0.054159
Wadi Alfara School
0.914 400 2.519051 5.038102 0.012595 2.519051 0.006298
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Wadi Alfara -Abu Asad Crushers
0.661 250 11.19427 22.38854 0.089554 11.19427 0.044777
Ras Alfara- Alshareef
0.288 400 113.1005 226.201 0.565503 113.1005 0.282751
Ras Alfara- Alhaj Hakeem
0.912 630 193.1465 386.293 0.613163 193.1465 0.306582
Ras Alfara- Tubas Well
0.999 400 14.61996 29.23992 0.0731 14.61996 0.03655
Ras Alfara- Almalhame
0.923 630 57.32193 114.6439 0.181974 57.32193 0.090987
Ras Alfara- Khalet Alqaser2
0.971 630 33.57208 67.14416 0.106578 33.57208 0.053289
Ras Alfara- Khalet Alqaser 1
0.904 400 27.94077 55.88154 0.139704 27.94077 0.069852
Ras Alfara- Alkharaz Well
0.983 160 23.99241 47.98482 0.299905 23.99241 0.149953
Ras Alfara- Mwafaq Alfakhri
0.929 630 158.7152 317.4304 0.503858 158.7152 0.251929
RasAlfara-AgriculturalProject
0.956 630 199.1391 398.2782 0.632188 199.1391 0.316094
Ras Alfara- Alkhizran
1 160 42.7625 85.525 0.534531 42.7625 0.267266
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Ras Alfara- Abu Hamed Well
0.921 630 87.50424 175.0085 0.277791 87.50424 0.138896
Ras Alfara- Samara Crushers
0.896 400 5.820702 11.6414 0.029104 5.820702 0.014552
RasAlfara-AhmadThyab Well
0.929 630 110.9732 221.9464 0.352296 110.9732 0.176148
Ras Alfara-Alashqar Crushers
0.86 630 101.1073 202.2146 0.320976 101.1073 0.160488
Tamoon- Albatma 0.934 160 67.6927 135.3854 0.846159 67.6927 0.423079
Tamoon- Almeshmas
0.903 250 169.2749 338.5498 1.354199 169.2749 0.6771
Tamoon- Borhan 0.92862 250 74.72974 149.4595 0.597838 74.72974 0.298919
Tamoon- Alrafeed 0.95251 250 126.4783 252.9566 1.011826 126.4783 0.505913
Tamoon- Jalamet Albatma
0.95713 100 50.04802 100.096 1.00096 50.04802 0.50048
Tamoon- First of Town
0.95841 250 94.17447 188.3489 0.753396 94.17447 0.376698
Tamoon- Municipality Well
0.49507 630 204.9979 409.9958 0.650787 204.9979 0.325393
Tamoon- National Security
0.93711 160 60.46897 120.9379 0.755862 60.46897 0.377931
Tamoon- Alashareen
0.92176 160 22.33335 44.6667 0.279167 22.33335 0.139583
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Aatoof- Aatoof 0.89731 160 7.076683 14.15337 0.088459 7.076683 0.044229
Aatoof- Aljalhoom 0.88555 160 5.393672 10.78734 0.067421 5.393672 0.03371
Serees- Western 0.95158 250 96.49447 192.9889 0.771956 96.49447 0.385978
Serees- Centre 0.92174 250 56.5201 113.0402 0.452161 56.5201 0.22608
Serees- Southern 0.94938 250 49.00664 98.01328 0.392053 49.00664 0.196027
Serees- Almoghor 0.91503 630 46.16687 92.33374 0.146561 46.16687 0.073281
Serees- Wells 0.96733 100 32.7316 65.4632 0.654632 32.7316 0.327316
Serees- Cultural Centre
0.83605 100 3.344082 6.688164 0.066882 3.344082 0.033441
Zababdeh- Eastern 0.98073 630 98.07689 196.1538 0.311355 98.07689 0.155678
Zababdeh- Centre 0.9381 400 137.935 275.87 0.689675 137.935 0.344838
Zababdeh- Western
0.86738 400 111.349 222.698 0.556745 111.349 0.278373
Zababdeh-Agricultural
College 0.9318 400 97.86287 195.7257 0.489314 97.86287 0.244657
Zababdeh- School 0.92228 250 10.03997 20.07994 0.08032 10.03997 0.04016
Zababdeh- Safyria 0.93286 250 82.46704 164.9341 0.659736 82.46704 0.329868
Zababdeh- Almanasheer
0.92228 250 10.03997 20.07994 0.08032 10.03997 0.04016
Aljdeedeh- Ras Albalad
0.98718 250 63.84898 127.698 0.510792 63.84898 0.255396
Aljdeedeh- Centre 0.91083 250 67.42555 134.8511 0.539404 67.42555 0.269702
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Aljdeedeh- Almatrooha
0.96184 250 87.01625 174.0325 0.69613 87.01625 0.348065
Aljdeedeh- Wells 0.91084 630 115.5646 231.1292 0.366872 115.5646 0.183436
Aljdeedeh- Western
0.99833 250 26.05163 52.10326 0.208413 26.05163 0.104207
Aljdeedeh- Eastern(Qalalweh)
0.96094 250 47.6396 95.2792 0.381117 47.6396 0.190558
Aljdeedeh- Alsahel 0.94787 250 53.96268 107.9254 0.431701 53.96268 0.215851
AAUJ 1 0.95715 400 161.0022 322.0044 0.805011 161.0022 0.402506
AAUJ 2 0.94212 400 61.60397 123.2079 0.30802 61.60397 0.15401
Jalqamous- Western
0.96358 160 44.09477 88.18954 0.551185 44.09477 0.275592
Jalqamous- Centre 0.941 400 58.87012 117.7402 0.294351 58.87012 0.147175
Jalqamous- Eastern
0.92497 160 29.06232 58.12464 0.363279 29.06232 0.18164
Raba- Centre 0.90998 250 52.62782 105.2556 0.421023 52.62782 0.210511
Raba- Eastern 0.92431 250 54.65786 109.3157 0.437263 54.65786 0.218631
Raba- Western 0.96214 100 29.93456 59.86912 0.598691 29.93456 0.299346
Raba- Almanasheer
0.78694 630 83.56368 167.1274 0.265282 83.56368 0.132641
Raba- Chiclen Farm
0.95062 160 38.05698 76.11396 0.475712 38.05698 0.237856
Mesleyah- Eastern 0.98762 400 63.17331 126.3466 0.315867 63.17331 0.157933
Mesleyah- Western
0.90988 400 72.74752 145.495 0.363738 72.74752 0.181869
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Mesleyah- Almanasheer
0.89566 630 66.668 133.336 0.211644 66.668 0.105822
Mesleyah- Wells 0.89678 630 199.1022 398.2044 0.63207 199.1022 0.316035
Mesleyah- Centre 0.9095 100 19.00451 38.00902 0.38009 19.00451 0.190045
Almghayer- Eastern
0.99998 250 51.37515 102.7503 0.411001 51.37515 0.205501
Almghayer- Western
0.99998 250 29.12249 58.24498 0.23298 29.12249 0.11649
Almghayer- Marah Alkaras
0.99999 100 45.71063 91.42126 0.914213 45.71063 0.457106
Tyaseer- Main 0.91242 250 122.2624 244.5248 0.978099 122.2624 0.48905
Seer- Main 0.91185 400 77.07256 154.1451 0.385363 77.07256 0.192681
Seer- Chicken 1 0.88296 250 12.83718 25.67436 0.102697 12.83718 0.051349
Seer- Alheesh 0.92852 100 14.5108 29.0216 0.290216 14.5108 0.145108
Seer- Chicken 2 0.79625 160 21.73708 43.47416 0.271714 21.73708 0.135857
Em Altoot- Main 0.88765 400 75.44835 150.8967 0.377242 75.44835 0.188621
Aljarba- Main 0.93201 400 84.13808 168.2762 0.42069 84.13808 0.210345
Aljarba- Eastern 0.8697 160 69.94693 139.8939 0.874337 69.94693 0.437168
Aljarba- Blastic Factory
0.85901 250 51.44506 102.8901 0.41156 51.44506 0.20578
Qashda- 154 0.93589 50 11.57537 23.15074 0.463015 11.57537 0.231507
Qashda- Prickles Factory
0.90864 400 30.02487 60.04974 0.150124 30.02487 0.075062
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Qashda- Fakhree 1 400 137.5166 275.0332 0.687583 137.5166 0.343792
Talfeet- Centre 0.88318 100 5.241429 10.48286 0.104829 5.241429 0.052414
Talfeet- Kherbat Aysha
0.99994 50 1.777884 3.555768 0.071115 1.777884 0.035558
Al-Aqaba- Tyaseer 0.81638 160 11.65701 23.31402 0.145713 11.65701 0.072856
Dream Land 0.92987 250 19.16776 38.33552 0.153342 19.16776 0.076671
Dream Land- Mosque
0.9262 250 9.25373 18.50746 0.07403 9.25373 0.037015
Tanin- Main 0.92684 160 6.488566 12.97713 0.081107 6.488566 0.040554
Merkeh- Pump 0.93009 100 11.4116 22.8232 0.228232 11.4116 0.114116
Merkeh- School 0.98518 400 66.05493 132.1099 0.330275 66.05493 0.165137
Merkeh- Abu Omar
0.93579 50 25.82467 51.64934 1.032987 25.82467 0.516493
Merkeh- Wadi Afsheh
0.99751 50 5.991284 11.98257 0.239651 5.991284 0.119826
Merkeh- Almesrara
0.99295 100 15.38622 30.77244 0.307724 15.38622 0.153862
Alzawya- Centre 0.99999 250 20.24722 40.49444 0.161978 20.24722 0.080989
Alzawya- Alwad 0.84018 100 14.91575 29.8315 0.298315 14.91575 0.149158
Alzawya-Faqaset AlKarmel
0.80103 160 14.94418 29.88836 0.186802 14.94418 0.093401
Wadi Daooq 0.92175 100 8.653469 17.30694 0.173069 8.653469 0.086535
Alhafeere- Centre 0.91052 100 20.22634 40.45268 0.404527 20.22634 0.202263
Beer AlBasha- Centre
0.92299 400 60.03824 120.0765 0.300191 60.03824 0.150096
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Beer AlBasha- Eastern
0.95899 250 37.63051 75.26102 0.301044 37.63051 0.150522
Zakarneh Crushers 0.8351 630 20.1105 40.221 0.063843 20.1105 0.031921
Qabatiya Well 0.91874 630 216.6569 433.3138 0.6878 216.6569 0.3439
DiamondStone- Crusher
0.84582 630 68.2419 136.4838 0.216641 68.2419 0.10832
Diamond Stone- Factory
0.96871 630 27.78023 55.56046 0.088191 27.78023 0.044096
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Page 51
Appendix 3
Under voltage buses at maximum case
Bus # rated(kv) operating(kv) operating %
Bus179 0.400 0.367 91.8
Bus180 0.400 0.375 93.7
Bus186 0.400 0.374 93.5
Bus187 0.400 0.377 94.2
Bus189 0.400 0.379 94.6
Bus190 0.400 0.378 94.6
Bus191 0.400 0.377 94.2
Bus196 0.400 0.376 94.0
Bus197 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus198 0.400 0.376 94.0
Bus199 0.400 0.374 93.5
Bus200 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus201 0.400 0.364 90.9
Bus202 0.400 0.373 93.1
Bus207 0.400 0.377 94.2
Bus208 0.400 0.379 94.8
Bus209 0.400 0.379 94.7
Bus210 0.400 0.375 93.6
Bus212 0.400 0.377 94.2
Bus213 0.400 0.377 94.3
Bus214 0.400 0.375 93.8
Bus215 0.400 0.379 94.9
Bus216 0.400 0.380 94.9
Bus217 0.400 0.378 94.5
Bus218 0.400 0.373 93.3
Bus219 0.400 0.378 94.6
Bus220 0.400 0.379 94.7
Bus221 0.400 0.379 94.9
Bus222 0.400 0.369 92.2
Bus223 0.400 0.369 92.2
Bus224 0.400 0.361 90.2
Bus225 0.400 0.377 94.3
Bus226 0.400 0.379 94.7
Bus227 0.400 0.374 93.6
Bus229 0.400 0.371 92.9
Bus230 0.400 0.372 93.0
Bus231 0.400 0.376 94.1
Bus232 0.400 0.380 95.0
Bus233 0.400 0.379 94.9
Bus234 0.400 0.379 94.8
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Bus235 0.400 0.371 92.6
Bus237 0.400 0.376 94.0
Bus238 0.400 0.372 93.1
Bus239 0.400 0.380 94.9
Bus240 0.400 0.376 94.0
Bus241 0.400 0.380 94.9
Bus243 0.400 0.367 91.7
Bus244 0.400 0.371 92.7
Bus245 0.400 0.376 93.9
Bus246 0.400 0.375 93.7
Bus247 0.400 0.378 94.4
Bus248 0.400 0.368 92.0
Bus249 0.400 0.375 93.7
Bus250 0.400 0.374 93.4
Bus251 0.400 0.367 91.8
Bus252 0.400 0.369 92.3
Bus253 0.400 0.367 91.7
Bus254 0.400 0.372 93.0
Bus255 0.400 0.373 93.2
Bus256 0.400 0.369 92.3
Bus257 0.400 0.368 92.1
Bus258 0.400 0.365 91.3
Bus259 0.400 0.369 92.1
Bus260 0.400 0.364 90.9
Bus261 0.400 0.365 91.2
Bus262 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus263 0.400 0.358 89.4
Bus264 0.400 0.370 92.6
Bus265 0.400 0.370 92.4
Bus266 0.400 0.370 92.4
Bus267 0.400 0.370 92.4
Bus268 0.400 0.372 93.0
Bus269 0.400 0.368 92.0
Bus270 0.400 0.370 92.4
Bus271 0.400 0.373 93.2
Bus272 0.400 0.370 92.4
Bus273 0.400 0.369 92.2
Bus274 0.400 0.375 93.7
Bus277 0.400 0.374 93.4
Bus278 0.400 0.374 93.6
Bus279 0.400 0.365 91.3
Bus280 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus281 0.400 0.374 93.6
Bus282 0.400 0.373 93.3
Bus283 0.400 0.374 93.6
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Bus284 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus286 0.400 0.370 92.5
Bus287 0.400 0.367 91.8
Bus288 0.400 0.373 93.3
Bus289 0.400 0.372 93.0
Bus295 0.400 0.369 92.2
Bus296 0.400 0.370 92.4
Bus297 0.400 0.369 92.4
Bus298 0.400 0.369 92.4
Bus299 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus300 0.400 0.374 93.4
Bus301 0.400 0.372 93.0
Bus302 0.400 0.376 94.1
Bus303 0.400 0.373 93.3
Bus304 0.400 0.372 92.9
Bus305 0.400 0.372 93.0
Bus306 0.400 0.371 92.7
Bus307 0.400 0.375 93.6
Bus308 0.400 0.371 92.8
Bus309 0.400 0.368 92.1
Bus310 0.400 0.368 91.9
Bus311 0.400 0.372 92.9
Bus312 0.400 0.374 93.6
Bus313 0.400 0.366 91.6
Bus314 0.400 0.370 92.5
Bus315 0.400 0.375 93.7
Bus316 0.400 0.368 91.9
Bus317 0.400 0.370 92.5
Bus318 0.400 0.369 92.3
Bus321 0.400 0.376 94.1
Bus327 0.400 0.367 91.7
Bus328 0.400 0.368 92.0
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Page 54
Appendix 4
Overloaded transformers
transformer Srated old LF old
AAUJ1 400 1.00625
Serees Western 250 1.049945
Tamoon Albatmah 160 1.057695
Tamoon
Almeshmas
250 1.69275
Tamoon Alrafeed 250 1.264785
Tamoon jalamet
Albatmah
100 1.2512
Tamoon first of the
town
250 1.056745
Tamoon National
Security
160 1.007328
Aqaba Eastern 400 1.098647
Aqaba Western 400 1.214769
Faraa Camp Old
Station
630 1.356893
wadi alfaraa
alhafreia
250 1.01784
Wadi alfaraa gas
station
400 1.023663
Housing 250 1.0479
Abu Omar 400 1.249041
Allan Alsood 250 1.126165
Almasaeed 250 1.83804
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Alhawooz 400 1.191013
Althoghra 160 1.019219
Almghier Marah
Alkaras
100 1.142766
Tayaseer Main 250 1.222625
Aljarba Eastern 160 1.092922
Merkeh Abu Omar 50 1.291233
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Page 56
Appendix 5
Tap changing at maximum case
Bus # Rated (KV)
Operating (KV)
Operating %
Tab %
Bus179 0.400 0.367 91.8 5
Bus180 0.400 0.375 93.7 5
Bus186 0.400 0.374 93.5 5
Bus187 0.400 0.377 94.2 5
Bus189 0.400 0.379 94.6 5
Bus190 0.400 0.378 94.6 5
Bus191 0.400 0.377 94.2 5
Bus196 0.400 0.376 94.0 5
Bus197 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus198 0.400 0.376 94.0 5
Bus199 0.400 0.374 93.5 5
Bus200 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus201 0.400 0.364 90.9 5
Bus202 0.400 0.373 93.1 5
Bus207 0.400 0.377 94.2 5
Bus208 0.400 0.379 94.8 5
Bus209 0.400 0.379 94.7 5
Bus210 0.400 0.375 93.6 5
Bus212 0.400 0.377 94.2 5
Bus213 0.400 0.377 94.3 5
Bus214 0.400 0.375 93.8 5
Bus215 0.400 0.379 94.9 5
Bus216 0.400 0.380 94.9 5
Bus217 0.400 0.378 94.5 5
Bus218 0.400 0.373 93.3 5
Bus219 0.400 0.378 94.6 5
Bus220 0.400 0.379 94.7 5
Bus221 0.400 0.379 94.9 5
Bus222 0.400 0.369 92.2 5
Bus223 0.400 0.369 92.2 5
Bus224 0.400 0.361 90.2 5
Bus225 0.400 0.377 94.3 5
Bus226 0.400 0.379 94.7 5
Bus227 0.400 0.374 93.6 5
Bus229 0.400 0.371 92.9 5
Bus230 0.400 0.372 93.0 5
Bus231 0.400 0.376 94.1 5
Bus232 0.400 0.380 95.0 5
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Bus233 0.400 0.379 94.9 5
Bus234 0.400 0.379 94.8 5
Bus235 0.400 0.371 92.6 5
Bus237 0.400 0.376 94.0 5
Bus238 0.400 0.372 93.1 5
Bus239 0.400 0.380 94.9 5
Bus240 0.400 0.376 94.0 5
Bus241 0.400 0.380 94.9 5
Bus243 0.400 0.367 91.7 5
Bus244 0.400 0.371 92.7 5
Bus245 0.400 0.376 93.9 5
Bus246 0.400 0.375 93.7 5
Bus247 0.400 0.378 94.4 5
Bus248 0.400 0.368 92.0 5
Bus249 0.400 0.375 93.7 5
Bus250 0.400 0.374 93.4 5
Bus251 0.400 0.367 91.8 5
Bus252 0.400 0.369 92.3 5
Bus253 0.400 0.367 91.7 5
Bus254 0.400 0.372 93.0 5
Bus255 0.400 0.373 93.2 5
Bus256 0.400 0.369 92.3 5
Bus257 0.400 0.368 92.1 5
Bus258 0.400 0.365 91.3 5
Bus259 0.400 0.369 92.1 5
Bus260 0.400 0.364 90.9 5
Bus261 0.400 0.365 91.2 5
Bus262 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus263 0.400 0.358 89.4 5
Bus264 0.400 0.370 92.6 5
Bus265 0.400 0.370 92.4 5
Bus266 0.400 0.370 92.4 5
Bus267 0.400 0.370 92.4 5
Bus268 0.400 0.372 93.0 5
Bus269 0.400 0.368 92.0 5
Bus270 0.400 0.370 92.4 5
Bus271 0.400 0.373 93.2 5
Bus272 0.400 0.370 92.4 5
Bus273 0.400 0.369 92.2 5
Bus274 0.400 0.375 93.7 5
Bus277 0.400 0.374 93.4 5
Bus278 0.400 0.374 93.6 5
Bus279 0.400 0.365 91.3 5
Bus280 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus281 0.400 0.374 93.6 5
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Bus282 0.400 0.373 93.3 5
Bus283 0.400 0.374 93.6 5
Bus284 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus286 0.400 0.370 92.5 5
Bus287 0.400 0.367 91.8 5
Bus288 0.400 0.373 93.3 5
Bus289 0.400 0.372 93.0 5
Bus295 0.400 0.369 92.2 5
Bus296 0.400 0.370 92.4 5
Bus297 0.400 0.369 92.4 5
Bus298 0.400 0.369 92.4 5
Bus299 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus300 0.400 0.374 93.4 5
Bus301 0.400 0.372 93.0 5
Bus302 0.400 0.376 94.1 5
Bus303 0.400 0.373 93.3 5
Bus304 0.400 0.372 92.9 5
Bus305 0.400 0.372 93.0 5
Bus306 0.400 0.371 92.7 5
Bus307 0.400 0.375 93.6 5
Bus308 0.400 0.371 92.8 5
Bus309 0.400 0.368 92.1 5
Bus310 0.400 0.368 91.9 5
Bus311 0.400 0.372 92.9 5
Bus312 0.400 0.374 93.6 5
Bus313 0.400 0.366 91.6 5
Bus314 0.400 0.370 92.5 5
Bus315 0.400 0.375 93.7 5
Bus316 0.400 0.368 91.9 5
Bus317 0.400 0.370 92.5 5
Bus318 0.400 0.369 92.3 5
Bus321 0.400 0.376 94.1 5
Bus327 0.400 0.367 91.7 5
Bus328 0.400 0.368 92.0 5
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Page 59
Appendix 6
Maximum case before and after adding capacitors
After Taps After Capacitors
Bus Rated (KV)
Operating (KV)
Operating %
Cap (KVAR)
Operating (KV)
Operating %
Bus179 0.400 0.3848 96.2 50 0.3888 97.2
Bus180 0.400 0.392 98
0.3924 98.1
Bus184 0.400 0.3828 95.7 10 0.3836 95.9
Bus186 0.400 0.3924 98.1
0.3984 99.6
Bus187 0.400 0.3952 98.8
0.3956 98.9
Bus188 0.400 0.382 95.5 20 0.3852 96.3
Bus189 0.400 0.3964 99.1
0.3968 99.2
Bus190 0.400 0.3968 99.2
0.3972 99.3
Bus191 0.400 0.394 98.5
0.3944 98.6
Bus196 0.400 0.3936 98.4
0.394 98.5
Bus197 0.400 0.3892 97.3
0.3896 97.4
Bus198 0.400 0.3944 98.6
0.3948 98.7
Bus199 0.400 0.392 98
0.3928 98.2
Bus200 0.400 0.3892 97.3
0.3896 97.4
Bus201 0.400 0.3808 95.2 100 0.388 97
Bus202 0.400 0.3904 97.6
0.3912 97.8
Bus203 0.400 0.3812 95.3 10 0.3828 95.7
Bus204 0.400 0.3828 95.7 5 0.3836 95.9
Bus205 0.400 0.3824 95.6 5 0.3832 95.8
Bus206 0.400 0.3812 95.3 25 0.3828 95.7
Bus207 0.400 0.3952 98.8
0.3956 98.9
Bus208 0.400 0.3972 99.3
0.3976 99.4
Bus209 0.400 0.3972 99.3
0.3976 99.4
Bus210 0.400 0.3928 98.2
0.3932 98.3
Bus212 0.400 0.3952 98.8
0.3956 98.9
Bus213 0.400 0.3956 98.9
0.396 99
Bus214 0.400 0.3936 98.4
0.394 98.5
Bus215 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3984 99.6
Bus216 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3988 99.7
Bus217 0.400 0.3964 99.1
0.3968 99.2
Bus218 0.400 0.3912 97.8
0.392 98
Bus219 0.400 0.3968 99.2
0.3972 99.3
Bus220 0.400 0.3972 99.3
0.3976 99.4
Bus221 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3984 99.6
Bus222 0.400 0.3868 96.7
0.3872 96.8
Bus223 0.400 0.3856 96.4
0.386 96.5
Bus224 0.400 0.39 97.5
0.3904 97.6
Bus225 0.400 0.3956 98.9
0.396 99
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Bus226 0.400 0.3972 99.3
0.398 99.5
Bus227 0.400 0.3924 98.1
0.3932 98.3
Bus229 0.400 0.3888 97.2
0.3892 97.3
Bus230 0.400 0.39 97.5
0.3908 97.7
Bus231 0.400 0.3944 98.6
0.3952 98.8
Bus232 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3984 99.6
Bus233 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3984 99.6
Bus234 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3984 99.6
Bus235 0.400 0.3884 97.1
0.3892 97.3
Bus237 0.400 0.3944 98.6
0.3948 98.7
Bus238 0.400 0.3904 97.6
0.3908 97.7
Bus239 0.400 0.3984 99.6
0.3988 99.7
Bus240 0.400 0.3944 98.6
0.3952 98.8
Bus241 0.400 0.398 99.5
0.3984 99.6
Bus242 0.400 0.3812 95.3 5 0.3824 95.6
Bus243 0.400 0.384 96 100 0.3888 97.2
Bus244 0.400 0.3876 96.9
0.3884 97.1
Bus245 0.400 0.3936 98.4
0.3944 98.6
Bus246 0.400 0.3928 98.2
0.3936 98.4
Bus247 0.400 0.3956 98.9
0.3964 99.1
Bus248 0.400 0.3848 96.2
0.3856 96.4
Bus249 0.400 0.3928 98.2
0.394 98.5
Bus250 0.400 0.3916 97.9 50 0.3924 98.1
Bus251 0.400 0.3844 96.1
0.3876 96.9
Bus252 0.400 0.3868 96.7
0.3876 96.9
Bus253 0.400 0.3844 96.1 20 0.0264 6.6
Bus254 0.400 0.3896 97.4
0.3904 97.6
Bus255 0.400 0.3908 97.7
0.3916 97.9
Bus256 0.400 0.3864 96.6
0.3876 96.9
Bus257 0.400 0.386 96.5
0.3868 96.7
Bus258 0.400 0.3824 95.6 50 0.3848 96.2
Bus259 0.400 0.3856 96.4
0.3864 96.6
Bus260 0.400 0.3808 95.2 40 0.3856 96.4
Bus261 0.400 0.382 95.5 60 0.3868 96.7
Bus262 0.400 0.3884 97.1
0.3896 97.4
Bus263 0.400 0.374 93.5 15 0.38 95
Bus264 0.400 0.388 97
0.3888 97.2
Bus265 0.400 0.3872 96.8
0.388 97
Bus266 0.400 0.3872 96.8
0.388 97
Bus267 0.400 0.3872 96.8
0.3884 97.1
Bus268 0.400 0.3896 97.4
0.3908 97.7
Bus269 0.400 0.3852 96.3
0.3864 96.6
Bus270 0.400 0.3872 96.8
0.3884 97.1
Bus271 0.400 0.3904 97.6
0.3916 97.9
Bus272 0.400 0.3868 96.7
0.388 97
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Bus273 0.400 0.386 96.5
0.3876 96.9
Bus274 0.400 0.3928 98.2
0.3936 98.4
Bus277 0.400 0.3916 97.9
0.3924 98.1
Bus278 0.400 0.3924 98.1
0.3932 98.3
Bus279 0.400 0.3824 95.6 50 0.3936 98.4
Bus280 0.400 0.3892 97.3
0.39 97.5
Bus281 0.400 0.392 98
0.3932 98.3
Bus282 0.400 0.3912 97.8
0.392 98
Bus283 0.400 0.392 98
0.3932 98.3
Bus284 0.400 0.3888 97.2
0.3896 97.4
Bus286 0.400 0.3872 96.8
0.3884 97.1
Bus287 0.400 0.3844 96.1
0.3852 96.3
Bus288 0.400 0.3912 97.8
0.392 98
Bus289 0.400 0.3896 97.4
0.3912 97.8
Bus295 0.400 0.3856 96.4
0.3864 96.6
Bus296 0.400 0.3872 96.8
0.388 97
Bus297 0.400 0.3868 96.7
0.388 97
Bus298 0.400 0.3868 96.7
0.388 97
Bus299 0.400 0.3888 97.2
0.3896 97.4
Bus300 0.400 0.3912 97.8
0.392 98
Bus301 0.400 0.3896 97.4
0.3904 97.6
Bus302 0.400 0.3956 98.9
0.3988 99.7
Bus303 0.400 0.3908 97.7
0.3916 97.9
Bus304 0.400 0.3892 97.3
0.3896 97.4
Bus305 0.400 0.3896 97.4
0.3904 97.6
Bus306 0.400 0.3884 97.1
0.3892 97.3
Bus307 0.400 0.3924 98.1
0.3932 98.3
Bus308 0.400 0.3892 97.3
0.39 97.5
Bus309 0.400 0.386 96.5
0.3868 96.7
Bus310 0.400 0.3852 96.3
0.386 96.5
Bus311 0.400 0.3892 97.3
0.39 97.5
Bus312 0.400 0.392 98
0.3928 98.2
Bus313 0.400 0.3836 95.9 20 0.3856 96.4
Bus314 0.400 0.3876 96.9
0.3884 97.1
Bus315 0.400 0.3928 98.2
0.3936 98.4
Bus316 0.400 0.3852 96.3
0.386 96.5
Bus317 0.400 0.3868 96.7
0.388 97
Bus318 0.400 0.3864 96.6
0.3872 96.8
Bus320 0.400 0.3824 95.6 20 0.3828 95.7
Bus321 0.400 0.3944 98.6
0.3952 98.8
Bus324 0.400 0.39 97.5 50 0.3904 97.6
Bus327 0.400 0.3844 96.1 50 0.3864 96.6
Bus328 0.400 0.3848 96.2
0.386 96.5
Bus65 0.400 0.3844 96.1 50 0.3876 96.9
Bus69 0.400 0.382 95.5 40 0.386 96.5
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Page 62
Appendix 7
Maximum case voltages after taps and capacitors
Bus number V rated (KV) Operating %
Bus65 0.4 97.646 Bus68 0.4 99.519
Bus69 0.4 97.426
Bus70 0.4 97.275
Bus73 0.4 97.309 Bus179 0.4 99.029
Bus180 0.4 99.483
Bus181 0.4 100.755
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Bus182 0.4 97.209
Bus183 0.4 97.114
Bus184 0.4 96.815 Bus185 0.4 97.207
Bus186 0.4 99.632
Bus187 0.4 100.218
Bus188 0.4 97.264 Bus189 0.4 100.444
Bus190 0.4 100.526
Bus191 0.4 99.557
Bus192 0.4 97.197 Bus193 0.4 97.617
Bus195 0.4 94.478
Bus196 0.4 99.841
Bus197 0.4 99.029 Bus198 0.4 100.029
Bus199 0.4 99.619
Bus200 0.4 99.01
Bus201 0.4 99.11
Bus202 0.400 99.299 Bus203 0.4 96.639
Bus204 0.400 96.793
Bus205 0.4 96.718
Bus206 0.400 96.653 Bus207 0.4 100.191
Bus208 0.4 100.601
Bus209 0.4 100.579
Bus210 0.4 99.762 Bus211 0.4 96.316
Bus212 0.4 100.199
Bus213 0.4 100.296
Bus214 0.4 99.876 Bus215 0.4 100.782
Bus216 0.4 100.815
Bus217 0.4 101.112
Bus218 0.4 99.482 Bus219 0.4 100.538
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Bus220 0.4 100.467
Bus221 0.4 100.792
Bus222 0.4 98.578 Bus223 0.4 98.254
Bus224 0.4 99.171
Bus225 0.4 100.313
Bus226 0.4 100.649 Bus227 0.4 99.7
Bus228 0.4 96.582
Bus229 0.4 98.889
Bus230 0.4 99.296 Bus231 0.4 100.102
Bus232 0.4 100.883
Bus233 0.4 100.795
Bus234 0.4 100.766 Bus235 0.4 98.914
Bus236 0.4 100.977
Bus237 0.4 100.091
Bus238 0.4 99.263
Bus239 0.4 100.8 Bus240 0.4 100.09
Bus241 0.4 100.795
Bus242 0.4 96.525
Bus243 0.4 99.13 Bus244 0.4 98.712
Bus245 0.4 99.937
Bus246 0.4 99.815
Bus247 0.4 100.386 Bus248 0.4 98.206
Bus249 0.4 99.85
Bus250 0.4 99.588
Bus251 0.4 98.717 Bus252 0.4 98.643
Bus253 0.4 98.492
Bus254 0.4 99.202
Bus255 0.4 99.404 Bus256 0.4 98.612
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Bus257 0.4 98.472
Bus258 0.4 98.163
Bus259 0.4 98.385 Bus260 0.4 98.502
Bus261 0.4 98.718
Bus262 0.4 99.003
Bus263 0.4 97.418 Bus264 0.4 98.897
Bus265 0.4 98.744
Bus266 0.4 98.734
Bus267 0.4 98.76 Bus268 0.4 99.223
Bus269 0.4 98.354
Bus270 0.4 98.766
Bus271 0.4 99.416 Bus272 0.4 98.653
Bus273 0.4 98.522
Bus274 0.4 99.837
Bus277 0.4 99.584
Bus278 0.4 99.738 Bus279 0.4 98.34
Bus280 0.4 99.08
Bus281 0.4 99.688
Bus282 0.4 99.479 Bus283 0.4 99.701
Bus284 0.4 99.01
Bus286 0.4 98.75
Bus287 0.4 98.194 Bus288 0.4 99.461
Bus289 0.4 99.207
Bus291 0.4 94.681
Bus295 0.4 98.364 Bus296 0.4 98.735
Bus297 0.4 98.674
Bus298 0.4 98.67
Bus299 0.4 99.006 Bus300 0.4 99.454
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Bus301 0.4 99.164
Bus302 0.4 100.108
Bus303 0.4 99.446 Bus304 0.4 99.031
Bus305 0.4 99.136
Bus306 0.4 98.938
Bus307 0.4 99.742 Bus308 0.4 99.061
Bus309 0.4 98.44
Bus310 0.4 98.31
Bus311 0.4 99.039 Bus312 0.4 99.672
Bus313 0.4 98.343
Bus314 0.4 98.745
Bus315 0.4 99.825 Bus316 0.4 98.295
Bus317 0.4 98.628
Bus318 0.4 98.506
Bus319 0.4 96.317
Bus320 0.4 96.592 Bus321 0.4 100.114
Bus322 0.4 96.532
Bus323 0.4 97.181
Bus324 0.4 97.022 Bus325 0.4 97.196
Bus327 0.4 98.482
Bus328 0.4 98.269
Appendix 8
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Page 67
Transformers changing
transformer Srated old Savg LF old Srated new LF new
AAUJ1 400 402.5 1.00625 250+250 0.644
Serees Western
250 262.48625 1.049945 400 0.4824
Tamoon Albatmah
160 169.23125 1.057695 250 0.5415
Tamoon Almeshmas
250 423.1875 1.69275 250+250 0.6771
Tamoon Alrafeed
250 316.19625 1.264785 400 0.6323
Tamoon jalamet Albatmah
100 125.12 1.2512 160 0.6256
Tamoon first of the town
250 264.18625 1.056745 160+160 0.5885
Tamoon National Security
160 161.1725 1.007328 250 0.4837
Aqaba Eastern 400 439.45875 1.098647 630 0.558 Aqaba Western 400 485.9075 1.214769 630 0.617
Faraa Camp Old Station
630 854.8425 1.356893 630+400 0.6639
wadi alfaraa alhafreia
250 254.46 1.01784 400 0.4614
Wadi alfaraa gas station
400 409.465 1.023663 630 0.5199
Housing 250 261.975 1.0479 400 0.5239 Abu Omar 400 499.61625 1.249041 630 0.6344
Allan Alsood 250 281.54125 1.126165 250+250 0.4504 Almasaeed 250 459.51 1.83804 630 0.5835 Alhawooz 400 476.405 1.191013 630 0.6049 Althoghra 160 163.075 1.019219 250 0.4538
Almghier Marah Alkaras
100 114.276625 1.142766 160 0.5713
Tayaseer Main 250 305.65625 1.222625 400 0.6113 Aljarba Eastern 160 174.8675 1.092922 250 0.5595
Merkeh Abu Omar
50 64.561625 1.291233 100 0.5164
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Page 68
Appendix 9
The voltages on the buses after changing the transformers
Bus number Vrated Operating (%)
Bus65 0.4 98.353
Bus68 0.4 99.519
Bus69 0.4 97.774 Bus70 0.4 97.286
Bus73 0.4 97.322
Bus179 0.4 101.288
Bus180 0.4 100.658 Bus181 0.4 100.769
Bus182 0.4 97.223
Bus183 0.4 97.128
Bus184 0.4 96.829 Bus185 0.4 97.221
Bus186 0.4 100.719
Bus187 0.4 100.234
Bus188 0.4 97.279 Bus189 0.4 100.924
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Bus190 0.4 100.543
Bus191 0.4 101.273
Bus192 0.4 97.209 Bus193 0.4 97.63
Bus195 0.4 95.529
Bus196 0.4 100.276
Bus197 0.4 99.045 Bus198 0.4 100.046
Bus199 0.4 100.403
Bus200 0.4 100.06
Bus201 0.4 100.469 Bus202 0.4 100.191
Bus203 0.4 96.653
Bus204 0.4 96.809
Bus205 0.4 96.735 Bus206 0.4 96.667
Bus207 0.4 100.206
Bus208 0.4 100.615
Bus209 0.4 100.593
Bus210 0.4 99.776 Bus211 0.4 96.33
Bus212 0.4 100.213
Bus213 0.4 100.31
Bus214 0.4 99.89 Bus215 0.4 100.796
Bus216 0.4 100.829
Bus217 0.4 101.126
Bus218 0.4 99.496 Bus219 0.4 100.552
Bus220 0.4 100.481
Bus221 0.4 100.806
Bus222 0.4 98.592 Bus223 0.4 99.332
Bus224 0.4 99.92
Bus225 0.4 100.327
Bus226 0.4 100.663 Bus227 0.4 99.714
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Page 70
Bus228 0.4 96.596
Bus229 0.4 99.798
Bus230 0.4 99.31 Bus231 0.4 100.116
Bus232 0.4 100.897
Bus233 0.4 100.809
Bus234 0.4 100.78 Bus235 0.4 99.733
Bus236 0.4 100.991
Bus237 0.4 100.105
Bus238 0.4 99.277 Bus239 0.4 100.814
Bus240 0.4 100.104
Bus241 0.4 100.809
Bus242 0.4 96.542 Bus243 0.4 100.076
Bus244 0.4 99.721
Bus245 0.4 99.958
Bus246 0.4 99.836
Bus247 0.4 100.407 Bus248 0.4 98.228
Bus249 0.4 99.872
Bus250 0.4 99.609
Bus251 0.4 98.74 Bus252 0.4 98.665
Bus253 0.4 98.514
Bus254 0.4 99.227
Bus255 0.4 99.43 Bus256 0.4 98.638
Bus257 0.4 98.498
Bus258 0.4 98.189
Bus259 0.4 98.414 Bus260 0.4 98.376
Bus261 0.4 98.748
Bus262 0.4 99.038
Bus263 0.4 98.502 Bus264 0.4 98.934
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Bus265 0.4 98.782
Bus266 0.4 98.771
Bus267 0.4 98.797 Bus268 0.4 99.259
Bus269 0.4 98.391
Bus270 0.4 98.802
Bus271 0.4 99.453 Bus272 0.4 98.69
Bus273 0.4 98.56
Bus274 0.4 99.859
Bus277 0.4 99.607 Bus278 0.4 99.761
Bus279 0.4 98.69
Bus280 0.4 99.103
Bus281 0.4 99.711 Bus282 0.4 99.502
Bus283 0.4 99.723
Bus284 0.4 99.033
Bus286 0.4 98.772
Bus287 0.4 99.006 Bus288 0.4 99.483
Bus289 0.4 99.23
Bus291 0.4 94.703
Bus294 33 97.385 Bus295 0.4 98.385
Bus296 0.4 98.757
Bus297 0.4 98.696
Bus298 0.4 98.692 Bus299 0.4 99.028
Bus300 0.4 99.475
Bus301 0.4 99.185
Bus302 0.4 100.128 Bus303 0.4 99.467
Bus304 0.4 99.051
Bus305 0.4 99.156
Bus306 0.4 98.959 Bus307 0.4 99.762
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Bus308 0.4 99.082
Bus309 0.4 98.461
Bus310 0.4 98.331 Bus311 0.4 99.06
Bus312 0.4 99.693
Bus313 0.4 99.028
Bus314 0.4 98.767 Bus315 0.4 99.846
Bus316 0.4 98.316
Bus317 0.4 98.65
Bus318 0.4 98.528 Bus319 0.4 96.335
Bus320 0.4 96.606
Bus321 0.4 100.131
Bus322 0.4 96.548 Bus323 0.4 97.195
Bus324 0.4 97.036
Bus325 0.4 97.21
Bus327 0.4 98.504
Bus328 0.4 98.628
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Page 73
Appendix 10
Voltages on buses after the new connection point
Bus Vrated Operating (%)
Bus65 0.4 98.484 Bus68 0.4 99.519
Bus69 0.4 98.241
Bus70 0.4 97.853
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Page 74
Bus73 0.4 97.991
Bus179 0.4 102.013
Bus180 0.4 101.362 Bus181 0.4 101.475
Bus182 0.4 97.905
Bus183 0.4 97.81
Bus184 0.4 97.515 Bus185 0.4 97.962
Bus186 0.4 101.609
Bus187 0.4 101.211
Bus188 0.4 98.211 Bus189 0.4 102.067
Bus190 0.4 101.736
Bus191 0.4 101.924
Bus192 0.4 97.84 Bus193 0.4 98.259
Bus195 0.4 100.861
Bus196 0.4 100.981
Bus197 0.4 99.773
Bus198 0.4 100.769 Bus199 0.4 101.124
Bus200 0.4 100.783
Bus201 0.4 101.199
Bus202 0.4 100.913 Bus203 0.4 97.34
Bus204 0.4 97.49
Bus205 0.4 97.418
Bus206 0.4 97.352 Bus207 0.4 100.928
Bus208 0.4 101.325
Bus209 0.4 101.305
Bus210 0.4 100.499 Bus211 0.4 97.012
Bus212 0.4 100.934
Bus213 0.4 101.031
Bus214 0.4 100.613 Bus215 0.4 101.515
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Bus216 0.4 101.548
Bus217 0.4 101.843
Bus218 0.4 100.221 Bus219 0.4 101.272
Bus220 0.4 101.193
Bus221 0.4 101.524
Bus222 0.4 99.32 Bus223 0.4 100.036
Bus224 0.4 100.628
Bus225 0.4 101.047
Bus226 0.4 101.381 Bus227 0.4 100.437
Bus228 0.4 97.278
Bus229 0.4 100.507
Bus230 0.4 100.035 Bus231 0.4 100.837
Bus232 0.4 101.615
Bus233 0.4 101.526
Bus234 0.4 101.498
Bus235 0.4 100.455 Bus236 0.4 101.708
Bus237 0.4 100.826
Bus238 0.4 100.002
Bus239 0.4 101.532 Bus240 0.4 100.824
Bus241 0.4 101.525
Bus242 0.4 97.761
Bus243 0.4 101.547 Bus244 0.4 101.224
Bus245 0.4 101.888
Bus246 0.4 101.901
Bus247 0.4 102.465 Bus248 0.4 100.553
Bus249 0.4 102.245
Bus250 0.4 101.871
Bus251 0.4 101.2 Bus252 0.4 101.149
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Bus253 0.4 100.97
Bus254 0.4 102.266
Bus255 0.4 102.627 Bus256 0.4 101.99
Bus257 0.4 101.828
Bus258 0.4 101.545
Bus259 0.4 102.465 Bus260 0.4 102.549
Bus261 0.4 103.021
Bus262 0.4 103.633
Bus263 0.4 103.285 Bus264 0.4 103.657
Bus265 0.4 103.509
Bus266 0.4 103.499
Bus267 0.4 103.524 Bus268 0.4 104.562
Bus269 0.4 103.812
Bus270 0.4 104.012
Bus271 0.4 104.162
Bus272 0.4 103.363 Bus273 0.4 103.292
Bus274 0.4 102.199
Bus277 0.4 101.948
Bus278 0.4 102.099 Bus279 0.4 101.062
Bus280 0.4 101.452
Bus281 0.4 102.043
Bus282 0.4 101.845 Bus283 0.4 102.063
Bus284 0.4 101.381
Bus286 0.4 101.124
Bus287 0.4 101.356 Bus288 0.4 101.813
Bus289 0.4 101.575
Bus291 0.4 96.934
Bus295 0.4 100.685 Bus296 0.4 101.112
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Bus297 0.4 101.052
Bus298 0.4 101.048
Bus299 0.4 101.379 Bus300 0.4 101.375
Bus301 0.4 101.116
Bus302 0.4 102.049
Bus303 0.4 101.395 Bus304 0.4 100.949
Bus305 0.4 101.056
Bus306 0.4 100.891
Bus307 0.4 101.685 Bus308 0.4 101.013
Bus309 0.4 100.399
Bus310 0.4 100.271
Bus311 0.4 100.959 Bus312 0.4 101.603
Bus313 0.4 100.965
Bus314 0.4 100.7
Bus315 0.4 101.767
Bus316 0.4 100.256 Bus317 0.4 100.959
Bus318 0.4 100.834
Bus319 0.4 97.712
Bus320 0.4 97.451 Bus321 0.4 101.347
Bus322 0.4 97.698
Bus323 0.4 97.967
Bus324 0.4 97.814 Bus325 0.4 97.982
Bus327 0.4 100.961
Bus328 0.4 103.296
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Page 78
-
Page 79
Appendix 11
Maximum new capacitors and taps after the connection point
Bus number New capacitor (KVAR) New tap (%)
182 2.5 183 2.5
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Page 80
184 2.5
185 2.5 188 2.5
192 2.5 193 2.5
195 5
203 5 204 5
205 5
206 5
211 5
222 60 - 228 5
242 2.5 291 5
319 2.5 320 5
322 2.5
323 2.5 324 2.5
325 2.5 65 2.5
68 2.5
69 2.5 70 2.5
73 2.5
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Page 81
Appendix 12
Minimum case original voltages
Bus number Vrated Operating (%)
Bus65 0.400 98.454
Bus68 0.400 99.760
Bus69 0.400 98.284
Bus70 0.400 98.666
Bus73 0.400 98.682
Bus179 0.400 96.900
Bus180 0.400 97.504
Bus181 0.400 98.063
Bus182 0.400 98.635
Bus183 0.400 98.589
Bus184 0.400 98.367
Bus185 0.400 98.631
Bus186 0.400 97.630
Bus187 0.400 97.785
Bus188 0.400 98.303
Bus189 0.400 97.916
Bus190 0.400 97.917
Bus191 0.400 97.700
Bus192 0.400 98.626
Bus193 0.400 98.834
Bus195 0.400 97.247
Bus196 0.400 97.174
Bus197 0.400 97.239
Bus198 0.400 97.697
Bus199 0.400 97.512
Bus200 0.400 97.237
Bus201 0.400 96.532
Bus202 0.400 97.366
Bus203 0.400 98.241
Bus204 0.400 98.368
Bus205 0.400 98.333
Bus206 0.400 98.254
Bus207 0.400 97.774
Bus208 0.400 97.989
Bus209 0.400 97.974
Bus210 0.400 97.586
Bus211 0.400 98.207
Bus212 0.400 97.781
Bus213 0.400 97.826
Bus214 0.400 97.635
Bus215 0.400 98.048
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Bus216 0.400 98.063
Bus217 0.400 98.200
Bus218 0.400 97.457
Bus219 0.400 97.937
Bus220 0.400 97.916
Bus221 0.400 98.053
Bus222 0.400 97.041
Bus223 0.400 97.410
Bus224 0.400 97.413
Bus225 0.400 97.835
Bus226 0.400 97.988
Bus227 0.400 97.555
Bus228 0.400 98.336
Bus229 0.400 97.216
Bus230 0.400 97.367
Bus231 0.400 97.738
Bus232 0.400 98.095
Bus233 0.400 98.055
Bus234 0.400 98.042
Bus235 0.400 97.201
Bus236 0.400 98.139
Bus237 0.400 97.735
Bus238 0.400 97.357
Bus239 0.400 98.058
Bus240 0.400 97.732
Bus241 0.400 98.059
Bus242 0.400 98.257
Bus243 0.400 96.806
Bus244 0.400 97.117
Bus245 0.400 97.643
Bus246 0.400 97.575
Bus247 0.400 97.838
Bus248 0.400 96.891
Bus249 0.400 97.586
Bus250 0.400 97.470
Bus251 0.400 96.832
Bus252 0.400 97.036
Bus253 0.400 96.818
Bus254 0.400 97.285
Bus255 0.400 97.382
Bus256 0.400 97.015
Bus257 0.400 96.950
Bus258 0.400 96.660
Bus259 0.400 96.922
Bus260 0.400 96.107
Bus261 0.400 96.606
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Page 83
Bus262 0.400 97.199
Bus263 0.400 95.939
Bus264 0.400 97.145
Bus265 0.400 97.076
Bus266 0.400 97.070
Bus267 0.400 97.083
Bus268 0.400 97.296
Bus269 0.400 96.896
Bus270 0.400 97.085
Bus271 0.400 97.382
Bus272 0.400 97.043
Bus273 0.400 96.974
Bus274 0.400 97.580
Bus277 0.400 97.462
Bus278 0.400 97.533
Bus279 0.400 96.670
Bus280 0.400 97.234
Bus281 0.400 97.515
Bus282 0.400 97.416
Bus283 0.400 97.517
Bus284 0.400 97.203
Bus286 0.400 97.084
Bus287 0.400 96.971
Bus288 0.400 97.414
Bus289 0.400 97.295
Bus291 0.400 97.383
Bus294 33.000 98.713
Bus295 0.400 96.929
Bus296 0.400 97.080
Bus297 0.400 97.051
Bus298 0.400 97.049
Bus299 0.400 97.201
Bus300 0.400 97.427
Bus301 0.400 97.282
Bus302 0.400 97.712
Bus303 0.400 97.409
Bus304 0.400 97.238
Bus305 0.400 97.283
Bus306 0.400 97.180
Bus307 0.400 97.546
Bus308 0.400 97.234
Bus309 0.400 96.954
Bus310 0.400 96.899
Bus311 0.400 97.239
Bus312 0.400 97.519
Bus313 0.400 96.764
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Page 84
Bus314 0.400 97.092
Bus315 0.400 97.585
Bus316 0.400 96.890
Bus317 0.400 97.042
Bus318 0.400 96.991
Bus319 0.400 98.190
Bus320 0.400 98.328
Bus321 0.400 97.732
Bus322 0.400 98.297
Bus323 0.400 98.618
Bus324 0.400 98.392
Bus325 0.400 98.625
Bus327 0.400 96.814
Bus328 0.400 97.015
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Page 85
Appendix 13
Minimum after changing taps
Bus number Vrated Operating (%)
Bus65 0.400 98.445
Bus68 0.400 99.760
Bus69 0.400 98.251
Bus70 0.400 98.626
Bus73 0.400 101.099
Bus179 0.400 101.654
Bus180 0.400 102.194
Bus181 0.400 102.842
Bus182 0.400 98.582
Bus183 0.400 98.534
Bus184 0.400 98.318
Bus185 0.400 98.581
Bus186 0.400 102.434
Bus187 0.400 102.598
Bus188 0.400 98.247
Bus189 0.400 102.690
Bus190 0.400 102.736
Bus191 0.400 102.412
Bus192 0.400 98.582
Bus193 0.400 98.790
Bus195 0.400 97.188
Bus196 0.400 101.830
Bus197 0.400 102.012
Bus198 0.400 102.503
Bus199 0.400 102.304
Bus200 0.400 102.010
Bus201 0.400 101.254
Bus202 0.400 102.148
Bus203 0.400 98.185
Bus204 0.400 98.308
Bus205 0.400 98.273
Bus206 0.400 98.191
Bus207 0.400 102.581
Bus208 0.400 102.775
Bus209 0.400 102.764
Bus210 0.400 102.376
Bus211 0.400 98.136
Bus212 0.400 102.585
Bus213 0.400 102.633
Bus214 0.400 102.429
Bus215 0.400 102.871
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Page 86
Bus216 0.400 102.888
Bus217 0.400 103.033
Bus218 0.400 102.237
Bus219 0.400 102.752
Bus220 0.400 102.704
Bus221 0.400 102.875
Bus222 0.400 101.790
Bus223 0.400 102.118
Bus224 0.400 102.122
Bus225 0.400 102.640
Bus226 0.400 102.804
Bus227 0.400 102.341
Bus228 0.400 98.269
Bus229 0.400 101.896
Bus230 0.400 102.140
Bus231 0.400 102.537
Bus232 0.400 102.919
Bus233 0.400 102.876
Bus234 0.400 102.862
Bus235 0.400 101.961
Bus236 0.400 102.966
Bus237 0.400 102.533
Bus238 0.400 102.128
Bus239 0.400 102.879
Bus240 0.400 102.530
Bus241 0.400 102.874
Bus242 0.400 98.191
Bus243 0.400 101.543
Bus244 0.400 101.784
Bus245 0.400 102.412
Bus246 0.400 102.359
Bus247 0.400 102.641
Bus248 0.400 101.555
Bus249 0.400 102.368
Bus250 0.400 102.244
Bus251 0.400 101.560
Bus252 0.400 101.778
Bus253 0.400 101.545
Bus254 0.400 102.043
Bus255 0.400 102.133
Bus256 0.400 101.753
Bus257 0.400 101.683
Bus258 0.400 101.373
Bus259 0.400 101.607
Bus260 0.400 100.778
Bus261 0.400 101.312
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Page 87
Bus262 0.400 101.929
Bus263 0.400 100.597
Bus264 0.400 101.889
Bus265 0.400 101.815
Bus266 0.400 101.808
Bus267 0.400 101.822
Bus268 0.400 102.043
Bus269 0.400 101.622
Bus270 0.400 101.824
Bus271 0.400 102.142
Bus272 0.400 101.750
Bus273 0.400 101.705
Bus274 0.400 102.362
Bus277 0.400 102.234
Bus278 0.400 102.309
Bus279 0.400 101.385
Bus280 0.400 101.989
Bus281 0.400 102.282
Bus282 0.400 102.185
Bus283 0.400 102.292
Bus284 0.400 101.954
Bus286 0.400 101.827
Bus287 0.400 101.706
Bus288 0.400 102.168
Bus289 0.400 102.053
Bus291 0.400 97.287
Bus294 33.000 98.661
Bus295 0.400 101.603
Bus296 0.400 101.826
Bus297 0.400 101.795
Bus298 0.400 101.792
Bus299 0.400 101.955
Bus300 0.400 102.166
Bus301 0.400 102.044
Bus302 0.400 102.506
Bus303 0.400 102.182
Bus304 0.400 101.956
Bus305 0.400 102.007
Bus306 0.400 101.933
Bus307 0.400 102.325
Bus308 0.400 101.990
Bus309 0.400 101.690
Bus310 0.400 101.631
Bus311 0.400 101.957
Bus312 0.400 102.281
Bus313 0.400 101.487
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Page 88
Bus314 0.400 101.838
Bus315 0.400 102.366
Bus316 0.400 101.622
Bus317 0.400 101.737
Bus318 0.400 101.677
Bus319 0.400 98.120
Bus320 0.400 98.274
Bus321 0.400 102.538
Bus322 0.400 98.233
Bus323 0.400 98.567
Bus324 0.400 98.340
Bus325 0.400 98.574
Bus327 0.400 101.541
Bus328 0.400 101.717
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Page 89
Appendix14
Minimum after transformer change and connection point
Bus Vrated Operating (%) Bus65 0.400 99.003
Bus68 0.400 99.760
Bus69 0.400 98.819
Bus70 0.400 98.920
Bus73 0.400 101.456
Bus179 0.400 103.328
Bus180 0.400 103.158
Bus181 0.400 103.214
Bus182 0.400 98.938
Bus183 0.400 98.890
Bus184 0.400 98.675
Bus185 0.400 98.967
Bus186 0.400 103