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Maine Stormwater Conference (Portland, ME, 2015)

Analysis of Runoff Reduction and Hydrologic Cycle Utilizing LID Concepts

Park Jongpyo, Lee Kyoungdo: HECOREA. INC

Shin Hyunsuk: Busan National University

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Plan Space layout Plan of Planter boxes

ModelingSoftware

SWMM

Results analysis

Stormwater ReductionHydrologic cycle change

1. Objectives of the research

• LID techniques applied two different method in Eco-Delta city.

• The Method clayout with planter boxes (LID facilities)

1. To uniformly distributed planter boxes

2. To distributed planter boxes in a nearby drainage outlet area

• SWMM modeling and performance analysis

Planning drawing of Eco-delta City

in Busan, Korea

Study area

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2. Eco-Delta City

Introduce to Eco-Delta City

• Eco-Delta City is an Eco-Friendly waterfront city developed by K-water

and Busan Metropolitan city

• Developing area: 11.9km2 (3,000 ac), Construction period: 2012-2018

•∙LID techniques will be applied to the entire area.

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Weather Data: Busan weather station

Month

Temp(℃)Rainfall

(㎜)

Wind

speed

(㎧)

Evapora

tion

(mm)High Low mean

1월 17.6 -11.5 3.0 33.4 3.9 65.0

2월 20.3 -12.6 4.7 49.0 3.9 69.5

3월 22.9 -9.7 9.5 81.3 4.1 91.0

4월 29.1 0.1 13.5 143.4 4.2 109.9

5월 34.0 7.3 17.5 161.2 3.7 122.6

6월 30.1 10.8 20.7 209.5 3.4 111.9

7월 35.8 14.5 24.2 299.8 3.8 117.0

8월 36.7 16.8 25.9 229.7 3.9 131.0

9월 35.2 10.6 22.3 159.0 3.6 104.9

10월 29.1 1.8 17.6 67.4 3.3 99.3

11월 25.6 -0.9 11.5 53.1 3.5 75.9

12월 20.4 -11.5 5.5 29.7 3.7 69.1

전년 36.7 -12.6 14.6 1511.7 3.8 1164.1

3. Weather and Geographic Information

Change of the number of years for rainfall

Monthly rainfall

Annual Rainfall: 1,511mm(60in)

Summer season: 898mm (35in)

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3. Weather and Geographic Information

Present land-use & developing land-use plan

Present land-Use

• Farmland area: 77%, River: 3.5%

•:Hydrologic soil group D type: over 80%

After development

• Housing area: 22%, Industrial area: 28%

• Green open space: 17%

1st Stage

Develoment

The land-use maps are represented by pre-development and development land-use

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Height & Slope analysis

DEM(Digital Elevation model)

• Height difference between river and land:

Below 1m:(3.28ft) (low-lying ground)

Slope

• Plain area of the Nakdong Delta:

Gentle slope topography (Below 5%)

3. Weather and Geographic Information

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The Study Area(Zone 2) of Eco-Delta City (1st stage: ZONE 2, G basin)

The study on Effect analysis: Runoff reduction and Water Cycle Improvement

1st : The LID facility plan uniformly distributed planter boxes

2nd: The LID facility plan distributed planter boxes in a nearby drainage outlet area

Zone 2: Total Area Study area: G Basin

770,966 m2 (190 ac) 265,010 m2 (65 ac)

Zone 2

Zone 1

4. LID plan (1st stage: zone 2, This study application)

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Key Map

• Modeling scenario: 1st CASE

The LID facility plan uniformly distributed planter box

Study area: G Basin A Planter Boxes: catchment area

265,010 m2 (65 ac) 28,650 m2 (7 ac)

Out

4. LID plan and modeling scenario

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Key Map

• Modeling scenario: 2nd CASE:

The LID facility plan distributed planter box in a

nearby drainage outlet area

Study area: G Basin A Planter Boxes: Catchment area

265,010 m2 (190 ac) 28,650 m2 (7 ac)

Out

4. LID plan and modeling scenario

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Target rainfall 1: Design rainfall

Duration 5yr 10yr 30yr

Rainfall (mm) 66.5 (2.6”) 77.9 (3.1”) 94.9 (3.7”)

4. LID plan and modeling scenario

IDF Curve

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Target rainfall 2: One hour rainfall and monthly evaporation (2003-2014, 11years)

Annual total Rainfall Annual total evaporation

1,472 mm (57.9”) 1,100 mm (43.3”)

4. LID plan and modeling scenario

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Summary of Modeling Scenario

Long-TermMeteorological

Data

Design Rainfall

CASE 1

CASE 2

Flood ReductionAssessment

Hydrological cycle changeAssessment

4. LID plan and modeling scenario

•1st CASE: The LID facility plan uniformly distributed planter box

•2nd CASE: The LID facility plan distributed planter box in a nearby drainage outlet area

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5. Simulation Results : Runoff Reduction

Flood Reduction: Return period 5year

Div. Peak flow (m3/s) Flow Volume (m3)

Non-LID 6.68 (236 ft3/s) 15,530 (20,312 yd3)

CASE 1 6.13 (216 ft3/s) (▼ 8.1%) 14,260 (18,651 yd3) (▼ 8.2%)

CASE 2 5.99 (211 ft3/s) (▼ 10.0%) 14,380 (18,808 yd3) (▼ 7.4%)

Flood Reduction: Return period 10year

Div. Peak flow (m3/s) Flow Volume

Non-LID 8.15 (288 ft3/s) 18,440 (24,119 yd3)

CASE 1 7.52 (266 ft3/s) (▼ 7.7%) 17,030 (22,274 yd3) (▼ 7.6%)

CASE 2 7.37 (260 ft3/s) (▼ 9.6%) 17,146 (22,426 yd3) (▼ 7.0%)

• SWMM‐LID simulation results on Runoff reduction shows that uniformly distributed planter boxes can

reduce peak discharge runoff by 8.1, 7.7% compared to a non‐LID application each 5year and 10year

storms.

• The peak discharge reduction rate when a planter box case was installed to the nearby drainage outlet

was 10.0%, 9.6%. respectively

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5. Simulation Results : Runoff Reduction

구분 Peak flow (m3/s) Flow Volume

Non-LID 10.38 (367 ft3/s) 22,853 (29,891 yd3)

CASE 1 9.66 (341 ft3/s) (▼ 6.9%) 21,274 (27,825 yd3) (▼ 6.9%)

CASE 2 9.52 (336 ft3/s) (▼ 8.3%) 21,390 (29,133 yd3) (▼ 6.4%)

Flood Reduction: Return period 30year

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

Runoff

(cm

s)

Time(min)

Non-LID CASE 1 CASE 2

In 30year return period storm,Uniformly distributed LID facilities case can reduce peak discharge runoff by 6.9% the LID facility plan distributed a planter boxes in a nearby drainage outlet area can reduce peak discharge runoff by 8.3%

The nearby drainage outlet case is better than the uniformly distributed case in termsof peak discharge reduction

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Results of Infiltration & Runoff depth: 11year long-term simulation

구분 Infiltration depth(mm) Runoff depth(mm)

Non-LID 70.7 (2.7 in) 1234.3 (48.6 in)

CASE 1 133.9 (5.3 in) (▲ 89%) 1169.0 (46.0 in) (▼ 5.3%)

CASE 2 119.4 (4.7 in) (▲ 69%) 1183.7 (46.6 in) (▼ 4.1%)

6. The hydrologic cycle effect of LID

• The Results of the infiltration rate have increased according to LID facility installation.

• The uniformly distributed planter box case improved the infiltration rate by 89%• The installed planter box case to a nearby drainage outlet improved it by 69%. • Runoff depth reduction rate of a uniformly distributed planter boxes area more than 20% the installation of a planter box in a nearby drainage outlet

0

50

100

150

Non-LID CASE-1 CASE-2

Infiltration Depth…

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7. Conclusion

As a result of the research, the uniformly distributed LID plan has an advantage on hydrologic cycle improvement. However, the nearby drainage outlet case is better than the uniformly distributed case in terms of peak discharge reduction.

Long-TermMeteological

Data

Design StromFlood Reduction

Assessment

Hydrological cycle changeAssessment

BEST

Uniformly distributed

LID plan

Nearby drainage outlet

LID plan

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And today…

INTRO: K-LIDM software

Based on WWHM and SWMM

Developed by

Pusan National University / Korea GI&LID research Group

HECOREA / CCS(Clear Cleek Solutions)

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K-LIDM Concepts

Input Data LID modeling Component Units

LID Facility- Detention(Retention) Basin, Constructed Wetlands,

Porous Pavement, Infiltration Trench, Bioretention,Green roofs, Infiltration Vegetated Filter Strip, Vegetated Swale,

Tree Box filter, Rainwater Harvesting Etc.

• Facility Dimensions- Length, Width, Height, Effective Total Depth,

Bottom slope, Freeboard, Vegetative Cover

Infiltration

- Thickness, porosity, Infiltration rate- Soil type of Soil layer

• Outlet structure- Type, Diameter, Height, Etc

Parameter of Pollutant Removal

Output

Surface runoff and Precipitation

applied to LID facility

Soil Layer (or Storage)

Interflow / Groundwater

Infiltration

Percolation

Rainfall - Long-term simulation: Day(day)-Rain(mm)

and Evaporation data : Averaged a Month - Text or Excel Sheets Type

monthly a day mean: Evaporation data (daily)

Drainage basin Input: HSPF input file form- Area (impervious, pervious), Land Use, Slope,Infiltaition & simulation parameter

Channel & Pipe data (hydraulic Routing)- Bottom width, Length, Manning n,

Slope of Channel, Left(Right) Side Slope, Depth

Reservoir (Reservoir Routing)- Reservoir Facility Dimension(Area, Depth, Slope)- Outlet structure

• Water Quality parameter

Database development

Input Data Summary

Produce Report Summary Report

GUI : Graph, Table

Flow- Duration, Frequency

Hydrographs

Groundwater Recharge volumes Clogging Calculation results Water Quality

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K-LIDM UI

• We have developed global applicable software for LID effects modeling

• US, SI units / English, Korean language / SWMM linkage function

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Main function of K-LIDM

Scenario Comp. Hydro LID Control

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LID component (ex. Bioretention)

■ LID ComponentBioretention Example)

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Application Example - #1

Basin: 3Hectares Roads/Flat100*100*5m Bioretention design

Busan weather station10-year, 1-hour rainfall data apply

Monthly peak discharge Results

100 m = 328 ft, 5m = 16 ft

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Application Example - #2

Basin: 5 Hectares Roads/ Steep100*100*4m Sand filter61*61*2m Reservoir

Busan weather station10-year, 1-hour rainfall data apply

Display Results:

2014. 5.1 – 2014.9.30

100 m = 328 ft, 61 m=200 ft, 4 m=13 ft, 2 m= 6.6ft

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