analisis dan perancangan sistem...
TRANSCRIPT
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 2/32
Tujuan perkuliahan
Memahami pendekatan terstrukturMemahami pendekatan berorientasi objek
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 3/32
Agenda
Pemodelan terstrukturPemodelan berorientasi objek
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 4/32
Metode
Functional Design– Berorientasi pada fungsi– Structured Design (Constantin & Yourdon, 1979),
Step wise Refinement (Wirth, 1971, 1976), Jackson Structured Programming (Jackson, 1975), dll.
Object-oriented Design– Berorientasi pada objek/data– Booch (1994), Meyer (1988), Jacobson et all (1993),
dll.
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 6/32
Functional Design Approaches
Transform Mapping - langkah perancangan untuk tipe DFD transform flow :– Incoming flow : aliran/jalur informasi eksternal masuk ke sistem untuk
ditransformasikan menjadi informasi internal– Transform center : pusat transformasi di dalam sistem yang akan
mentriger informasi keluar dari sistem– Outgoing flow : aliran/jalur informasi internal keluar dari sistem menjadi
informasi eksternal
Transaction Mapping - langkah perancangan untuk tipe DFD transaction flow :– Transaction : data tunggal yang mentriger satu atau beberapa aliran
data– Transaction center : penghubung antara aliran-aliran data hasil
pentrigeran dengan data trigernya– Action path : aliran/jalur informasi hasil triger
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 7/32
Functional Design Approaches
Transform flow : tipe dasar DFD
Transaction flow :
a
b
cd
fg
e
h
incoming flow
transform center
outgoing flow
a c
b
d e
f
gh
transaction
transaction center
action path
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 8/32
Transform Mapping
Langkah-langkah Transform Mapping :– Review dan refine DFD sampai ke level paling bawah– Tentukan apakah DFD tsb. memiliki karakteristik tipe
transform flow atau transaction flow– Tentukan batas antara incoming flow, transform
center dan outgoing flow– Bangun first level factoring– Bangun second level factoring– Refine first iteration
Contoh Transform Mapping : SafeHome Security Software
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 9/32
Transform Mapping – Contoh
DFD level 1 :
1*Interact
with user
2*Configure
system
3Activate
/deactivate sytem
4Display
messages and status
5*Process
password
6*Monitor sensors
configuration information
user commands and dataControl
panel
Sensors
Control panel
display
Alarm
Telephone line
configure request
configuration data
start stop
password
valid ID msg.
A/D msg.
configuration data
configuration data
sensor status
sensor information
alarm type
telephone number tones
display information
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 10/32
Transform Mapping – Contoh
DFD level 2 : Monitor sensors
6.3*Format for
display
6.2*Assess
against setup
6.4Generate
alarm signal
6.1Read
sensors
6.5*Dial phone
configuration information
sensor information
sensor status
sensor ID, type
configuration data
alarm type
telephone number tones
telephone number
alarm data
sensor ID, type, location
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 11/32
Transform Mapping – Contoh
DFD level 3 : Monitor sensors
1Read
sensors
configuration information
sensor status
2Acquire response
info3
Establish alarm
conditions
8Generate pulses to
line
4Select phone
number5
Set up conn. to
phone net
9Generate display6
Format display
7Generate
alarm signal
sensor ID, type
configuration data
sensor information
alarm type
telephone number tones
formated ID, type, location
alarm data
alarm cond. code, sensor ID, timing information
list of numbers
telephone number
tone ready telephone number
sensor ID, type, location
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 12/32
Transform Mapping – Contoh
First level factoring : Monitor sensorsconfiguration information
8
9
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
Monitor sensors
executive
Sensor input controller
Alarm conditions controller
Alarm output controller
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 13/32
Transform Mapping – Contoh
Second level factoring : Monitor sensors
Monitor sensors
executive
Sensor input controller
Alarm conditions controller
Alarm output controller
Format display
Generate alarm signal
Set up conn. to phone net
Generate display
Generate pulses to line
Establish alarm conditions
Select phone number
Acquire response info
Read sensors
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 14/32
Transform Mapping – Contoh
Refine first iteration : Monitor sensors
– Incoming controller dihapus : data input tunggal, cukup sederhana– Transform controller dihapus dan digabung dalam satu modul : ada
penurunan tingkat kohesifitas– Format display dan generate display digabung : sederhana
Monitor sensors
executive
Establish alarm conditions
Alarm output controller
Produce display
Generate alarm signal
Set up conn. to phone net
Generate pulses to line
Acquire response info
Read sensors
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 15/32
Transaction Mapping
Langkah-langkah Transaction Mapping :– Review dan refine DFD sampai ke level paling bawah– Tentukan apakah DFD tsb. memiliki karakteristik tipe
transform flow atau transaction flow– Tentukan batas antara incoming path/transaction,
transaction center dan action path– Bangun first level factoring– Bangun second level factoring– Refine first iteration
Contoh Transaction Mapping : SafeHome Security Software
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 16/32
Transaction Mapping
Transaction structuring
r
s
a
b
d
p
q
Transaction control
b
a
d
c1
q r s
p
DispatcherReception path
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 17/32
Transaction Mapping – Contoh
DFD level 2 : User interaction
3Read
password
2Invoke
command processing
4Compare password
w/ file
1Read user command
configuration information
5Activate/deactivate system
6Display message & status
7Read
system data
8Build
configuration file
command type
start stop
user commands and data
configure request
password
raw configuration data
configuration data
A/D msg.
configuration data
configuration data
four digits display informationvalid ID msg.
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 18/32
Transaction Mapping – Contoh
First/Second level factoring : User interaction
User interaction executive
Read user command
System configuration
controller
Invoke command processing
Activate /deactivate
system
Password processing controller
Read system data
Build configuration file
Read password
Compare password w/
file
Display messages &
status
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 19/32
Transaction Mapping – Contoh
Arsitektur SafeHome Security Software
User interaction executive
Read user command
System configuration
controller
Invoke command processing
Activate /deactivate
system
Password processing controller
Read system data
Build configuration file
Read password
Compare password w/
file
Display messages &
status
SafeHome Security
Monitor sensors
executive
Establish alarm conditions
Alarm output controller
Produce display
Generate alarm signal
Set up conn. to phone net
Generate pulses to line
Acquire response info
Read sensors
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 22/32
OOA, OOD, OOP
Object-oriented analysis, design and programming are related but distinctOOA is concerned with developing an object model of the application domainOOD is concerned with developing an object-oriented system model to implement requirementsOOP is concerned with realising an OOD using an OO programming language such as Java or C++
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 23/32
Konsep
Metode untuk melakukan dekomposisi arsitektur sistem berdasarkan objek-objek yang dimanipulasi oleh sistem yang sedang dibangunIdentifikasi dan mendefinisikan klas-klas tambahan yg merefleksikan implementasi dari kebutuhan-kebutuhan hasil analisisNotasi = OOAProses :– Perancangan sistem : struktur klas, user interface, data
management– Perancangan objek : atribut/struktur data, algoritma operasi
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 24/32
Struktur klas
Gunakan klas-klas hasil analisis dan tambahkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan perancanganReuse jika memungkinkan
packaging : pengelompokan klas-klas yg sesuai
Vehiclecolorstyleyearmake
VehicleOTSVIN
validateVIN()
VehicleVINcolors tyleyearmake
validateVIN()
VehicleOTSVIN
validateVIN()
Model dari OOA Model OTS
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 26/32
Finding classes
Identifying object classes is often a difficult part of object oriented designThere is no 'magic formula' for object identification. It relies on the skill, experience and domain knowledge of system designers.Object identification is an iterative process. You are unlikely to get it right first time.Use domain analysis as beforeUse a grammatical approach based on a natural language description of the systemBase the identification on tangible things in the application domain
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 27/32
Finding classes
Derive them from the use cases (descriptions/scenarios)Look for data which must be stored or analysedAre there external systems?Are there any devices under the control of the system?Are there any organisational parts?
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 28/32
Object Design
Attributes– Describe the state and characteristics of the object– Must be typed : primitive or class– Only name and type are mandatory
Operations– Operations manipulate attributes and perform other
tasks– Scope is the class– Operation signature is composed of name,
parameters and return type
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 29/32
Object Design
Sifat akses atribut dan operasi/service :– private (klas/objek ybs.)– protected (klas/objek ybs. dan turunannya)– public (semua klas/objek)
Algoritma operasi untuk implementasi spesifikasi dari setiap operasi– operasi manipulasi data (set, delete, get, dll.)– operasi komputasi– operasi pengontrolan
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 30/32
Operations – polymorphism
Polymorphism means many (poly) shapes(morph)There are two kinds of polymorphism:– Overloading
Two or more methods with different signatures with the same nameThey essentially do the same thing, e.g. class constructors
– OverridingReplacing an inherited method class with another having the same signature (no matter with different parameter’s name)Do different thing using the same method’s signature
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 31/32
Latihan
A weather station is a package of software controlled instruments which collects data, performs some data processing and transmits this data for further processing. The instruments include air and ground thermometers, an anemometer, a wind vane, a barometer and a rain gauge. Data is collected periodically.
When a command is issued to transmit the weather data, the weather station processes and summarises the collected data. The summarised data is transmitted to the mapping computer when a request is received.
Bahan Kuliah APS - Pemodelan Perancangan | Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D 32/32
Penutup
Pemodelan perancangan dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pemodelan analisis kebutuhan (RE modeling)Transform dan transaction mapping digunakan untuk membangun arsitektur PL berdasarkan DFDOOD dilakukan berdasarkan hasil OOA dengan perluasan klas jika diperlukan untuk keperluan implementasi