analisa laju erosi menggunakan usle dan gis

7/26/2019 Analisa Laju Erosi Menggunakan USLE Dan GIS

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ANALISA LAJU

EROSIMENGGUNAKAN

USLE DAN GISBanda Aceh Agustus 2013


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EROSI TANAH (SOILEROSION)Pengertian

E!s" ada#ah suatu $!ses d"%ana tanahd"hancu&an 'datached( dan &e%ud"an

d"$"ndah&an &e te%$atn #a"n !#eh&e&uatan a") ang"n) dan ga*tas"+

D" Ind!nesa) e!s" ,ang te$ent"ngada#ah e!s" ,ang d" se-a-&an !#eh a"+

E!s" d"$"sah&an %en.ad" dua ,a"tu/

E!s" ge!#!g" 'a#a%"( dan

E!s" d"$ece$at 'acce#eated e!s"!n(+


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Erosi geologi (alami)

E!s" ge!#!g" %eu$a&an e!s" ,ang-e.a#an sangat #a%-at) .u%#ah tanah,ang tee!s" sa%a dengan .u%#ah

tanah ,ang te-entu&+E!s" "n" t"da& -e-aha,a &aena te.ad"da#a% &ese"%-angan a#a%"+


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Erosi dipercepat(accelerated erosion).

E!s" d"$ece$at %eu$a&an e!s" ,angte.ad" #e-"h ce$at a&"-at a&t"*tas%anus"a

E!s" d"$ece$at %enganggu&ese"%-angan a#a%+

Ju%#ah tanah ,ang tee!s" #e-"h -an,a&

da"$ada tanah ,ang te-entu&+E!s" "n" -e.a#an sangat ce$at seh"nggatanah d" $e%u&aan 't!$ s!"#( %en.ad"

h"#ang


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JENIS EROSID"a&"-at&an A"


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Jen"s E!s"

Ra"nd!$ E!s"!n

uah hu.an ,ang .atuh #angsung &etanah da$at %e#e%$a -ut"-ut"tanah &e udaa+ Besan,a cuah

hu.an) "ntens"tas) dan d"st"-us" hu.an%enentu&an &e&uatan $en,e-aanhu.an &e $e%u&aan tanah) &ece$atana#"an $e%u&aan seta &eusa&an

e!s" ,ang d"t"%-u#&ann,a+ D" daeah,ang -e#eeng) tanah ,ang te#e%$atese-ut u%u%n,a .atuh &e#eengd"-aahn,a+

D"a&"-at&an A"


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Jen"s E!s"

Sheet E!s"!n

e%"ndahan tanah te.ad" #a$"s de%"#a$"s %u#a" da" #a$"san ,ang $a#"ngatas+ E!s" ,ang te.ad" se$"ntas t"da&te#"hat) &aena &eh"#angan #a$"san

#a$"san tanah seaga%+ E!s" "n"sangat -e-aha,a -ag" $etan"an&aena $ada suatu saat se#uuh t!$s!"# a&an ha-"s

D"a&"-at&an A"


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Jen"s E!s"

R"## E!s"!n

E!s" a&"-at $eng"&"san tanah !#eh

a#"an a" ,ang %e%-entu& $a"t atausa#uan &ec"#) d"%ana $ada -ag"antese-ut te#ah te.ad" &!nsentas"a#"an a" hu.an d" $e%u&aan tanah+

D"a&"-at&an A"


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Jen"s E!s"

Gu##, E!s"!n

E!s" "n" %eu$a&an #an.utan da" e!s"

a#u tese-ut+ Kaena a#u ,ang teus%eneus d"geus !#eh a#"ana#"an a"teuta%a daeahdaeah ,ang -an,a&hu.an) %a&a a#ua#u tese-ut

%en.ad" da#a% dan #e%-aan dengana#"an ,ang #e-"h &uat+ A#ua#utese-ut t"da& da$at h"#ang dengan$eng!#ahan tanah -"asa+

D"a&"-at&an A"


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Jen"s E!s"

hanne# E!s"!nA#"an a" da#a% sa#uan "n" da$at%eng"&"s dasa sa#uan atau d"nd"ng'te-"ng( d"-aah $e%u&aan a")

seh"ngga te-"ng d"atasn,a da$atuntuh &e dasa sa#uan+ E!s" "n" .ugada$at %e,e-a-&an #!ngs!+ 4anah#!ngs! te.ad" &aena ga,a ga*tas"+

D"a&"-at&an A"


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JENIS EROSID"a&"-at&an Ang"n


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Jen"s E!s"

Sus$ens"!n+

Lu%$u ,ang sangat ha#us dan $at"&e# tanah #"at '#e-"h &ec"# da" 0)002"nc" d"a%ete( da$at d"te-ang&an !#eh ang"n dan d"-aa da#a%sus$ens"+ De-u ,ang %e#a,ang tese-ut da$at d"$"ndah&an a$a-"#a&ece$atan ang"n ,ang te.ad" sangat t"ngg" dan a&an %engenda$ $ada#!&as" tetentu ."&a &ece$atan ang"n %u#a" -e&uang+

Sa#tat"!n+

Benda $at"&e# $as" %enengah 'd"a%ete 0)0020)02 "nc"( -egea&da#a% ang"n da#a% seang&a"an caa) dengan na"& &e udaa dan .atuhsete#ah $ene-angan s"ng&at+ Gea&an "n" d"se-ut sa#tat"!n+ Se-ag"an-esa da" e!s" ang"n ada#ah has"# da" $!ses sa#tat"!n+

ee$+4anah $at"&e# #e-"h -esa da" $as" %enengah '#e-"h -esa da" 0)02

"nc"( t"da& da$at d"ang&at &e udaa !#eh ang"n) na%un $at"&e# sa%$a"dengan 0)05 "nc" '$as" &asa( da$at d"d!!ng se$an.ang $e%u&aantanah dengan &e&uatan ang"n dengan caa %enge#"nd"ng+

D"a&"-at&an Ang"n


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Ana#"sa La.u E!s"esa%aan$esa%aan e%$""s

Met!de Sha%a 6 Sha%a

Sumber : Sharma, U. C. & Sharma, Vikas (2003)

Met!de 7#e%"ngMet!de 7#e%"ng ada#ah %!de# e%$""s untu& %enentu&an -esan,ased"%en ,"e#d ,ang d"-entu& da" %enghu-ung&an &eh"#angan tanahdengan #"%$asan $ada 250 DAS d" se#uuh dun"a+ 8u-ungan antaased"%en sus$endead dengan #uas DAS ada#ah -e"&ut "n"/

D"%ana) 9 : .u%#ah sed"%en sus$eaded 't!n;thn(

A : #uas DAS '%"#2(


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Met!de Sha%a 6 Sha%a

Sumber : Sharma, U. C. & Sharma, Vikas (2003)

Met!de 7#e%"ngMet!de 7#e%"ng ada#ah %!de# e%$""s untu& %enentu&an -esan,ased"%en ,"e#d ,ang d"-entu& da" %enghu-ung&an &eh"#angan tanahdengan #"%$asan $ada 250 DAS d" se#uuh dun"a+ 8u-ungan antaased"%en sus$endead dengan #uas DAS ada#ah -e"&ut "n"/

D"%ana) 9 : .u%#ah sed"%en sus$eaded 't!n;thn(

A : #uas DAS '%"#2(


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Met!de IOLD '1


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Ana#"sa La.u E!s"M!de# Mate%et"s

Sumber : PPT Segel Ginting !r"si"n US#!G$S.%' (202)


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Ana#"sa La.u E!s"M!de# Mate%et"s

Sumber : PPT Segel Ginting !r"si"n US#!G$S.%' (202)


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1. Computation erosion sensitivity

(basics USLE method); mapping


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Un">esa# S!"# L!ss E?uat"!n

A :R @ K @ LS @ @ A:c!%$uted s!"# #!ss 't!nnes;ha;,ea(

R:a"na## e!s"t">"t, act!

K:s!"# e!d"-"#"t, act!

LS : s#!$e #ength act! c!%-"ned "th s#!$e gad"ent act!

: c!$$"ng ; %anage%ent act!

: e!s"!n c!nt!# $act"ce act!


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7#!chat eh"tungan E!s"

Lahan


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K!actor " soil erodi#ilit$ (!or

di%erent soils)

Soil typeK

actor

1 Eutroic !rganic Soils ".#"1

$ %ydromorphic &lluvial Soils ".1'

# ar* +rey &lluvial Soils ".$',

- +reyish ro/n &lluvial Soils ".#1'

' &ss. o +rey &lluvial and +reyish ro/n &lluvial Soils ".1,#

&ss. o %umic +leysoils and +rey &lluvial Soils ".$"'

0 &ss. o Lo/ %umic +leysoils and +rey &lluvial Soils ".$"$

&ss. o +rey %ydromorphic Soils and +reyish ro/n

2lanosols ".#"1

, +reyish ro/n 2lanosols ".$'1

333333333.. 3..


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K!actor " soil erodi#ilit$ (!or

di%erent soils)Soil physical and

chemical properties


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Rain!all erositi&it$ (!actor R)Soil loss directlyrelated to the productof the total kineticenergy of that rainstorm and itsmaximum intensity.

Bols rainfall erositivitymap (factor R)


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T'e topograp'ic !actor LS

Slope lengt' and slope steepnessSlope steepness


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T'e topograp'ic !actor LS (cont)

Slope lengt' and slope steepnessComputation LS factor


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T'e topograp'ic !actor LS (cont)

Slope lengt' and slope steepnessLS factor map


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rop crop management !actor

(!actor )Landuse map

!he factor C descri"es thetotal effect of vegetation#crop residues and soilmanagement on the soilloss


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Erosion control practice !actor

(*actor P)4he e!s"!nc!nt!# $act"ce act! "s the at"! ! s!"# #!ss us"ng a

s$ec"*c c!nse>at"!n $act"ce c!%$aed "th the s!"# #!ss !ccu"ngunde u$ and d!n h"## cu#t">at"!n+

4h"s act! a#s! anges !% 0 t! 1+

4he c!nse>at"!n %easues usua##, "nc#uded "n th"s act! aec!nt!u"ng) c!nt!u st"$ c!$$"ng) teac"ng and suace %u#ch"ng+Conservation measures like conservation tillage, crop rotations,residue management etc. are incorporated in the C factor+

4he eect">eness ! c!nse>at"!n $act"ces and thus the >a#ue !the act! genea##, de$ends !n the s#!$e stee$ness+

7! each ! the #and ut"#"Cat"!n t,$es and ! 5 d"eent s#!$ec#asses the a$$!$"ate %anage%ent act! can -e esta-#"shed)ta&"ng "nt! acc!unt -!th cu#tua# and %echan"ca# %anage%ent$act"ces+


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Summary of cultural

management practicesact"ce c!de act"ce #e>e# E@a%$#es ! $act"ces

1 e, #! e! %u#ch ! c!$ es"dues e%!>ed+ N! a$$#"cat"!n ! %anue)c!%$!sts ! et"#"Ces+ N! !tat"!n) -ae a##! "n n!n c!$ $e"!d+Annua# c!$$"ng) usua##, %!n!c!$$"ng+ e, #! -"!%ass$!duct"!n $e aea+ N! ec,c#"ng ! nut"ents) n! c!$ d">es"t,+

2 L! !$ es"dues -unt !n s"te ! suace %u#ch F0+t;ha+ N! a$$#"cat"!n !%anue ! c!%$!sts+ 7e %"nea# et"#"Ces+ S!%e c!$ !tat"!n "nes$!nse t! %a&et+ M"@ed gaden) #! dens"t,+ Intec!$$"ng) #!"ntens"t,+ Ma"ntenance 2050H g!und c!>e+ L! -"!%ass$!duct"!n $e aea) nut"ents $at#, ec,c#ed+ L! c!$ d">es"t,+

3 M!deate Suace %u#ch 0+1+0 t;ha;,ea+ A$$#"cat"!n ! %anue !% d!%est"can"%a# hus-and, and h!useh!#d c!%$!sts+ Su-!$t"%a# a%!unts! %"nea# et"#"Ces+ Stateg"c c!$ !tat"!n) -ut annua# c!$$"ng+M"@ed gaden) h"gh dens"t, Intec!$$"ng) %ed"u% "ntens"t,) ! "$eenn"a#s) use ! annua# "ntec!$s+ Ma"ntenance 500H g!undc!>e+ Med"u% h"gh -"!%ass $!duct"!n $e aea+ M!deate c!$d">es"*cat"!n M!deate nut"ent c"cu#at"!n+

5 8"gh Suace %u#ch 1+03+0 t;ha;,ea) "%$!ted " necessa,+ A$$#"cat"!n !%"nea# et"#"Ces) c!%-"ned "th %anue and;! c!%$!sts+ Intec!$$"ng) h"gh "ntens"t,) "nc!$!at"ng $eenn"a#s+ Legu%es "n!tat"!n 1 ,ea "n 5+ Ma"ntenance g!und c!>e 0=0H+ 8"gh-"!%ass $!duct"!n $e aea+ 8"gh c!$ d">es"t,+ Intens">e nut"entc"cu#at"!n+

e, h"gh Suace %u#ch 3 t;ha;,ea) "%$!ted " necessa,+ Stateg"c a$$#"cat"!n! %"nea# et"#"Ces) c!%$!sts and %anue t! %a@"%"Ce

$!duct"!n+ Intec!$$"ng) h"gh "ntens"t, ! %!n!c!$$"ng) h"gh"ntens"t, "n stateg"c !tat"!n Legu%e "n !tat"!n) 1 ,ea "n 3+Ma"ntenance =0H g!und c!>e+ e, h"gh -"!%ass $!duct"!n


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Summary of mechanical

management practicesact"ce

c!deact"ce #e>e# E@a%$#es ! $act"ces

N!ne N! a$$#"ed $act"ce) *e#d -!unda, eects !n#,

L!!##u>"a# teaces !n gass;-a%-!! ! c!nt!u st"$

c!$$"ng

= M!deate F H s#!$e/ %!deate standad $e%anent gassst"$s ! %!deate des"gn gaded;c!nt!ueath!&s "th %"n"%a# ate d"s$!sa# ac"#"t,

!) " %echan"Ced) c!nt!u cu#t">at"!n H s#!$e/ tad"t"!na# "dge teace!/ #! standad 'n!n sta-"#"Ced( -ench teace

!/ na! !utad s#!$"ng teaces ! $e%anentteec!$s 'e+g+ u--e) $"nus s$+(

< 8"gh F H s#!$e/ h"gh standad $e%anent c!nt!u gassst"$s e## des"gned and %a"nta"ned

!/ u##, des"gned gaded eath!&s) ! -an&s) "thdes"gned ate d"s$!sa# ac"#"t,

H s#!$e/ %!deate standad -ench teace '"+e+n!t gaded and "th!ut des"gned ate d"s$!sa#s ste% -ut "ses sta-"#"Ced ass ! !c&s


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Management practices forirrigated rice and estate

productionact"ce

c!deact"ce #e>e# E@a%$#es ! $act"ces

11 Saah F H s#!$e / saah) ""gated "ce

12 4eace H s#!$e / ""gated "ce teace

13 L!Estate c!$s / #! $e%anent c!>e) ! "nte

c!$$"ng

15 M!deate

Estate c!$s / %!deate $e%anent g!und

c!>e+ Estate c!$s $#anted !nc!nt!u hee e@ceeds 1H s#!$e

1 8"gh

Estate c!$s / h"gh dens"t, $e%anent g!undc!>e+

Estate c!$s $#anted !n c!nt!u hees#!$es e@ceed 10H


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Management factors for non-irrigated agriculture for dierent

management levels+anagem

entle&el

+anagementpractice code

Slope class +anagement s$stemcode

,- -/0

/01,

21,

3er$ lo4 /5678 ,.7-,

,.77, ,.9:, ,.88, /;-;5;1;0;7

Act


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Management factors for estates andplantations for dierent

management levels+anagem

entle&el

+anagementpractice code

Slope class +anagements$stemcode,- -

/0

/0

1,

21,

3er$ lo4 /5;/1 ,.0, ,.070 ,.750 ,.9/- /,;//

Act


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$. Erosion model using +4S(as prepared in Ci5s6$)


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=se o! t'e erosion model

M!de#"ng c!nce$t

Use ! the %!de#/ dete%"ne s!"# #!ss ! d"eent #anduse'e+g+ e!estat"!n( and d"eent %anage%ent #e>e#s

$rosion

model

landuse%

management

level%

physicalcharacteristics%

of area (slope#slope length# soil#rainfall erositivity)

soil loss

*all input data in raster layers (28,5*28,5m)


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4e"%a &as"h

analisa laju erosi menggunakan usle dan gis

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