anaerobic digestion: biomass to bioenergy douglas w. hamilton, ph.d., p.e. associate professor,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Anaerobic Digestion:Biomass to Bioenergy
Douglas W. Hamilton, Ph.D., P.E.Associate Professor,
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
Waste Management Specialist,
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service
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Anaerobic Digestion of Manure Understanding Basic Processes
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Digestion Process
CH4
CO2
H2
NH3
H2S
+
Biogas
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Acid Formers
Methane Formers
Liquifiers
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Acid Formers
Methanogens
Hydrolizers
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Community Needs1. Food
2. Proper pH
3. Sufficient Temperature
4. Sufficient Time to Reproduce
5. Absence of Inhibitory Substances
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Community Needs
Proper pH : ~ 6.5 to 7.5
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Community Needs
Sufficient Temperature
Psychrophilic (15-25o C)Mesophilic (30-38o C)Thermophilic (50-60o C)
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Community Needs
Sufficient time to reproduce
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HRT = Volume of Reactor/Flow out
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SRT = Solids in Reactor/Solids Leaving
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Anaerobic Digestion of Manure Understanding Basic Processes Types of Reactors
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Low Rate Reactor
SRT = HRT
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High Rate Reactor
SRT > HRT
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How much energy?
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Anaerobic Digestion of Manure Understanding Basic Processes Types of Reactors Organic Matter of Wastewater and Manure Methane Production Potential Toxic and Inhibitory Materials
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Codigestion
Mixing a highly digestible material with a source of microorganisms (manure) to produce a large volume of biogas.
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Methane Potential Volatile Solids Content
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Combustion
OM + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Ash + Heat
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Combustion
OM + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Ash + Heat
TS FS
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Combustion
OM + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Ash + Heat
TS FSVS
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VS db%
Beef Manure 82
Dairy Manure 84
Wood Shavings 99
Alfalfa Silage 95
Grease 99
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Aerobic Catabolism
OM + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Cells + Heat
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Aerobic Catabolism
OM + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Cells + Heat
Oxygen Demand
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Aerobic Catabolism
OM + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Cells + Heat
Oxygen DemandCODBODu
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Methane Potential Volatile Solids Content COD
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Anaerobic Catabolism
OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells
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Anaerobic Catabolism
OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells
Biogas
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Combustion
OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
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Combustion
OM + Heat → CH4 + CO2 + H2O + Cells
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
Oxygen Demand
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Combustion
CH4 +2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
Two moles O2 per mole CH4
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Combustion
CH4 +2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
2nOD = nCH4
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Combustion
CH4 +2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
PV = nRT
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Combustion
CH4 +2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
VCH4 = 2nODRT/P
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Ultimate Gas Yield
CH4 +2O2 → CO2 + H2O + Heat
0.38 L CH4 produced per kg OD removed
@ 20oC and 1 atm
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VS db%
COD:VS
Beef Manure 82 1.2
Dairy Manure 84 1.2
Wood Shavings 99 0.19
Alfalfa Silage 95 0.70
Grease 99 0.40
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Methane Potential Volatile Solids Content COD BMP
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BMP Biochemical Methane Potential
www.bioprocess.com
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D.P. Chynowethwww.agen.ufl.edu
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VS db%
COD:VSCOD
converted to CH4
%
Beef Manure 82 1.2 17
Dairy Manure 84 1.2 55
Wood Shavings 99 0.19 33
Alfalfa Silage 95 0.70 110
Grease 99 0.40 52
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D.P. Chynowethwww.agen.ufl.edu
Sp
ecif
ic M
eth
ane
Yie
ld (
L C
H4 g
-1 V
S)
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VS db%
COD:VSCOD
converted to CH4
%
Specific Methane
YieldL CH4 g-1 VS
Beef Manure 82 1.2 17 0.084
Dairy Manure 84 1.2 55 0.24
Wood Shavings 99 0.19 33 0.067
Alfalfa Silage 95 0.70 110 0.30
Grease 99 0.40 52 0.81
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Community Needs1. Food
2. Proper pH
3. Sufficient Temperature
4. Sufficient Time to Reproduce
5. Absence of Inhibitory Substances
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Methane Potential Volatile Solids Content COD BMP ATA
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ATA Anaerobic Toxicity Assay
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Inhibition (%)
I = (1 - Pt/Pc) X 100
Where:Pc = gas produced 0% inclusionPt = gas produced at test inclusion
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ATA Anaerobic Toxicity Assay
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Methane Potential Volatile Solids Content COD BMP ATA Pilot Testing
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Pilot Scale Testing
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Pilot Scale Testing
BoSo θv
1 - K µmθs – 1 + K
VRE =
Chen, Y.R. and A.G. Hashimoto. 1980. Substrate utilization kinetic model for biological treatment processes. Biotech &. Bioeng. 22:2081-2095
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Any Questions?