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HomeRemedies

HomeRemedies

Global Scenario

• 60 – 80% of world population i.e. 4 – 5 billion people are anemic• 20% maternal deaths contributes due to anemia

HomeRemediesAnemia Prevalence in pregnant

women

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

DevelopedCountries

DevelopingCountries

India

14%

51%

75%

Source:WHO

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India Senario

• According to WHO estimates, India is one of the countries in the world that has highest prevalence of anaemia.• India is high prevalence of anaemia in world• 74.3% population with severe anaemia (Haemoglobin < 11

g/dl)

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BLOOD

• Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

• The Blood cells are mainly,• Red Blood Cells/ RBCs/ Erythrocytes•White Blood Cells/ WBCs/ Leukocytes• Platelets/ Thrombocytes

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Normal Values

• RBC• In males, 4.7 to 6.1 million• In females, 4.2 to 5.4 million

•WBC• 4k to 11k

• Platelets• 2L to 5L

HomeRemediesRed blood cell

• cytoplasm is rich in Hb•mature red blood cells are flexible biconcave disks that lack a

cell nucleus• 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per second.• develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120

days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages.

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RBC

• women have about 4 to 5 million erythrocytes per microliter(cubic millimeter) of blood and •men about 5 to 6 million;• people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will

have more• Each RBC contains approx. 270 million of Hb biomolecules,

each carrying 4 heme groups.• RBCs of an average adult human male store collectively

about 2.5 grams of iron, representing about 65% of the total iron contained in the body

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RBC production

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Why Adolescents?

• 58% of women are married before 18 years• 16% of women are pregnant in age group 15 – 19 years

EarlyMarriage

EarlyPregnancy

UnderNutrition

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Reasons for Anemia

• Poor dietary intake of Iron•Worm infestation and high rate of infection• Growth support leading to increased demand of iron in the

body• Onset of menstruation

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WHO Grading of Anaemia

• Grade 1 (Mild Anemia): 10 g/dl • Grade 2 (Moderate Anemia): 7-10 g/dl• Grade 3 (Severe Anemia): below 7 g/dl

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Iron deficiency anemia

• Iron is an essential part of Hb• low iron levels result in decreased incorporation of hemoglobin

into red blood cells• hypochromic (paler than usual) and microcytic (smaller than

usual)• Causes

ü insufficient dietary intake üabsorption of Iron ülosses due to diseases.übleeding lesions of the gastrointestinal tractüparasitic infestation

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FERROUS ASCORBATE&

FOLIC ACID

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Ferrous Ascorbate

• Ferrous Ascorbate is a synthetic molecule of ascorbic acid and iron• It is indicated in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. • Ascorbic acid enhances absorption of iron.• All dietary iron has to be reduced to ferrous form to enter the

mucosal cells• Ferrous sulphate (20% elemental Iron) is commonly used for

tablet preparations.• These salts have good bioavailability but it markedly

decreased in presence of dietary inhibitors like phytates,tannic acid

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FOLIC ACID

• Folic acid also known as folate, vitamin B9 and it isessential for numerous bodily functions.• Folate has to be supplied through the diet to meet theirdaily requirements.• The human body needs folate to synthesize DNA, repairDNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactorin certain biological reactions. It is especially important inaiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancyand pregnancy. Children and adults both require folic acidto produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia

INDICATIONS

• Iron deficiency anemia (anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues).• It help to prevent neural tube defects.•Some people use folic acid to prevent colon cancer or cervical cancer. It is also used to prevent heart disease and stroke

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HOW FOLIC ACID WORK ??

• The basic mechanism of action underlying folic acid is its role in cellular division and DNA synthesis. Without folic acid cells do not divide properly.• Folic acid is critical in the nervous system development of

the foetus and for healthy red blood cell production. Folate is also required for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine and plays a key role as a 'methyl-donor'.• In the CNS folate is involved with methylation and

hydroxylation, and both reactions are important in neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. Folate is concentrated in the synaptic regions of CNS neurons

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WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF TAKING FERROUS ASCORBATE FOLIC ACID?

•Most of the doctors would recommend every pregnantwoman to take folic acid during conception stage and evenbefore the conception stage because it causes numerousadvantages for the baby.•When the pregnant woman has an adequate amount of

ferrous ascorbate folate in the body, it is guaranteed that thebaby will achieve the complete development of the brain andspinal column. There is an assurance that the baby will nothave any neural tube defects and other inborn defects likeharelip and others

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• On the side of the mother, taking a ferrous ascorbate folic acid would help her to avoid having an anemia sickness during pregnancy and in addition to that it also boosts the immune system of the mother and the baby. This is the reason why, it is highly recommended that every pregnant woman should start taking ferrous ascorbate folate especially during the early stages of pregnancy and even before pregnancy.

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Dosage

Adolescents 10 – 19 Years• Weekly dosages of 100 mg

elemental iron & 500 mcg folic acid with biannual de-worming

Pregnant & Lactating Women• 100 mg of elemental iron & 500

mcg of folic acid daily during pregnancy. Followed by same dosages for 100 days in the post partum period

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Anaemia is actually a sign of a disease

process rather than a disease itself

Anaemia ( from Greek word anaimia, meaning lack of blood) is a decrease innumber of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of haemoglobinin the blood.