A&P I Drew Summer 2018 Exam 3

1) Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) parietal and frontal lobes. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) The primary motor cortex is the surface of the A) insula. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) arcuate gyrus. E) corpus callosum. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

4) The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. A) primary sensory B) primary motor C) visual D) olfactory E) auditory Answer: ALearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

5) The auditory cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe.

D) occipital lobe. E) insula. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the A) prefrontal cerebral cortex. B) occipital association cortex. C) reticular formation. D) temporal lobe. E) cerebral ganglia. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

7) The term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following, exceptA) temperature.B) taste.C) touch.D) vibration.E) pain.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 15-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) Which of the following is not one of the special senses?A) hearingB) smellC) tasteD) pressureE) visionAnswer: DLearning Outcome: 15-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

9) The general sensesA) involve receptors that are relatively simple in structure.B) are located in specialized structures called sense organs.C) are localized to specific areas of the body.D) cannot generate action potentials.E) include taste and smell.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 15-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) In order for a sensation to become a perception,A) it must be received by the somatosensory cortex.B) the individual must vocalize about it.C) it must arrive over fast-conducting nerve fibers.D) the other senses must be silent.E) it must be received by the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 15-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

11) Examples of sensory stimuli includeA) touch.B) warmth.C) pain.D) vibration.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 15-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) Central adaptation refers toA) the decline in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated.B) a characteristic of phasic receptors.C) inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.D) increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus.E) a change in motor receptivity of a neuron.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 15-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

13) Peripheral adaptation ________ the number of action potentials that reach the CNS.A) decreasesB) increasesC) stabilizesD) neutralizesE) amplifiesAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 15-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

14) Action potentials from receptors involved in general sensations are interpreted in theA) premotor cortex.B) primary sensory cortex.C) general interpretive area.D) mesencephalon.

E) reticular activating system.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 15-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

15) A receptor that contains many mechanically-gated ion channels would function best as aA) tactile receptor.B) chemoreceptor.C) photoceptorD) thermoreceptor.E) light receptor.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is aA) tactile (Merkel) disc.B) root hair plexus.C) free nerve ending.D) Ruffini corpuscle.E) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

17) ThermoreceptorsA) are found within the dermis.B) are free nerve endings.C) for "cold" are structurally indistinguishable from those for "warm."D) are more numerous for cold than for warm temperatures.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

18) Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are calledA) nociceptors.B) baroreceptors.C) chemoreceptors.D) proprioceptors.E) thermoreceptors.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) Tactile receptors composed of capsules that surround a core of collagen fibers intertwined

with dendrites are calledA) Ruffini corpuscles.B) lamellated corpuscles.C) tactile (Meissner) corpuscles.D) tactile discs.E) root hair plexuses.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

20) A very large, fast-adapting tactile receptor that is composed of a single dendrite enclosed by concentric layers of collagen is aA) Ruffini corpuscle.B) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle.C) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.D) tactile (Merkel) disc.E) root hair plexus.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

21) The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest." A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

22) The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? A) somatic division B) craniosacral division C) resting division D) thoracolumbar division E) lumbosacral division Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

23) Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons.

D) ganglionic neurons. E) afferent neurons. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

24) Which statement is true regarding the somatic nervous system as compared to the autonomic nervous system?A) Both divisions carry outgoing motor information.B) Both divisions carry information to visceral organs.C) The somatic NS requires more neurons than the autonomic pathways.D) There are no reflexes within the somatic NX, while there are many within the autonomic NS.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

25) Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in A) the brain. B) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. C) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. D) both the brain and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. E) the cerebrum.Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

26) Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are ________ and have ________ axons.A) short; myelinated B) short; unmyelinated C) long; myelinatedD) long; unmyelinated E) intermediate; smallAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

27) In the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic neurons located? A) cervical and sacral segments of the spinal cordB) sacral segments of the spinal cord C) brain stem D) thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord E) cerebellum Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

28) In what ways do the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system interact?A) One division may counterbalance the other division.B) Occasionally only one division communicates with an organ.C) Both divisions may work together for the function of an organ or a process.D) One division may increase function of an organ, while the other division inhibits it.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the A) lateral gray horns of the cervical cord. B) anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. C) lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord. D) anterior gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord. E) lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

30) Sympathetic nerves A) provoke feelings of sympathy. B) allow us to relax, rest, and recover. C) contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers. D) control swallowing. E) stimulate gastric secretion. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

31) Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased sweat secretion. B) reduced circulation to the skin. C) decreased heart rate. D) dilation of the pupils. E) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway

Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:

32) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) somatic motor neuron B) preganglionic neuron C) sensory neuron D) ganglionic neuron E) astrocyte Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) Identify the round structure labeled "3."A) dorsal root ganglion B) spinal nerve C) chain ganglion D) intramural ganglion E) rami communicantes Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

34) Postganglionic sympathetic axons can release the neurotransmitter ________ at their effector junctions. A) acetylcholine B) nitric oxide C) norepinephrine D) AChE) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

35) The neurotransmitter ACH isA) always excitatory when used in the synapses of the sympathetic nervous system.B) secreted by the postganglionic nervous.C) going to reduce the activity of the other neurotransmitter norepinephrine.D) broken down by monoamine oxidase.E) a chemical similar to the structure of adrenalin.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 16-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

36) Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true?A) They are G proteins.B) When activated, cAMP levels are affected.C) Epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.D) Norepinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" isA) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.E) true only for the somatic nervous system.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 16-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) Parasympathetic functions include all of the following, except A) decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction. B) constriction of the pupils. C) dilation of the airways. D) stimulation of urination. E) stimulation of defecation. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false? A) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord. B) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors. C) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long. D) The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division.

E) The ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

40) Parasympathetic stimulation A) increases heart rate. B) increases gastric motility. C) causes sweat glands to secrete. D) causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate. E) causes the pupils to dilate. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

41) The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" isA) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.E) true only for the somatic nervous system.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 16-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

42) Nicotinic receptors A) respond to epinephrine. B) respond to norepinephrine. C) open chemically-gated sodium ion channels. D) can be either excitatory or inhibitory in function.E) are found at synaptic junctions of the sympathetic nervous system. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

43) Muscarinic receptors A) are normally activated by acetylcholine. B) are found mostly in autonomic ganglia. C) always produce an excitatory response. D) control sodium channels in the affected membrane. E) are blocked by norepinephrine. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 16-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" isA) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.E) true only for the somatic nervous system.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

45) A neuron with nicotinic receptors is exposed to acetylcholine. This will lead toA) activation of chemically-gated ion channels. B) excitation of the neuron. C) entry of sodium ions into the neuron. D) depolarization of the neuron.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

46) The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the A) anterior chamber. B) posterior chamber. C) pupil. D) canal of Schlemm. E) vitreous body. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

47) The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by A) moving up and down. B) moving in and out. C) changing shape. D) opening and closing. E) dilating and constricting.

Answer: CLearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

48) The vitreous body A) fills the posterior chamber. B) helps to stabilize the eye and holds the retina up against the eyewall. C) is replaced at the rate of 20 percent per year until middle age. D) circulates through the pupil. E) holds the retina against the lens for proper refraction.Answer: BLearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

49) The space between the cornea and the iris is the A) anterior chamber.B) posterior chamber.C) canal of Schlemm. D) aqueous humor. E) pupil. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

50) The shape of the lens is controlled by the A) pupillary sphincter muscles. B) pupillary radial muscles. C) ciliary muscles. D) iris. E) cornea.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Figure 17-1 The Sectional Anatomy of the Eye

Use Figure 17-1 to answer the following questions:

51) Identify the space labeled "1." A) posterior cavity B) posterior chamber C) pupil D) anterior chamberE) vitreous chamber Answer: DLearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

52) Identify the structure labeled "7." A) choroid B) optic disc C) sclera D) retina E) cornea Answer: ELearning Outcome: 17-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

53) Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound A) retinal. B) opsin. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) cGMP. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 17-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

54) A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is A) retinal. B) opsin. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) cGMP. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 17-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light. What is the proper sequence for these steps? 1. Membrane sodium channels close.2. Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP.3. Retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form.4. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines.5. Opsin activates transducin.6. Opsin activation occurs.A) 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3 B) 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4C) 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4 D) 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4 E) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2Answer: BLearning Outcome: 17-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension106) The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation.

56) What is the proper sequence for these steps?1. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window.2. Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus.3. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve.4. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes.5. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti to vibrate against the tectorial membrane6. Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.A) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3B) 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1 C) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3 D) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3E) 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3Answer: DLearning Outcome: 17-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

57) Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends onA) changes in the pressure exerted by the cupula on hair cells. B) vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells. C) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae. D) the movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals. E) the bending of hair cells in the ampullae.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 17-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

58) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term malleus?A) moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contractsB) attached to the oval windowC) bending it produces receptor potential in hair cellsD) necessary for the static sense of equilibriumE) attached to the tympanumAnswer: ELearning Outcome: 17-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

59) Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the A) auditory ossicles. B) cochlea. C) oval window. D) round window. E) tympanic membrane. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 17-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

Figure 17-2 The Ear

Use Figure 17-2 to answer the following questions:

60) Identify the structures labeled "8." A) cochlea B) auditory ossicles C) auricle D) tympanic membrane E) vestibule Answer: BLearning Outcome: 17-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Xtra Credit (1 point each)

1) Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of A) Parkinson's disease. B) rabies. C) Alzheimer's disease. D) myasthenia gravis. E) tetanus. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

2) After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. A) right frontal B) left frontal C) right temporal D) left temporal E) occipital Answer: BLearning Outcome: 14-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

3) We are constantly bombarded by a variety of stimuli inside and outside of our bodies. Why are we not overwhelmed by sensory information?A) We do not have receptors for most stimuli.B) Stimuli are blocked from the receptors by our immune systems.C) Most stimuli are external to our bodies and we have very few exteroceptors on the outside of the body.D) A particular receptor type can have different sensitivities to different stimuli.E) A very tiny percentage of incoming sensory information is received by the cerebral cortex.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 15-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

4) As the result of an accident, the white rami of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect to be affected by this injury?A) left pupil B) right pupilC) heart D) both pupilsE) left pupil and heart Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

5) Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the

A) basilar membrane.B) spiral organ.C) semicircular canals.D) bony labyrinth.E) utricle and saccule. Answer: ELearning Outcome: 17-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension