an urban healing agenda for reform in bahrain

8/2/2019 An urban healing agenda for reform in Bahrain

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TFRFCTBL TI^IRCH

ACW CH KLCHGAC

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2/12

C` vtdc` lfchgò cof`mc ait tfaite g` Dcltcg`

G`}timvb}gi`:

Bg}gfr ctiv`m }lf withm wg}`frrfm qgqgm blcòfr g` }lfgt r}tvb}vtf( aite( c`m mfeiotc~lgbr aihhiwgò

}lf G`mvr}tgch Tfqihv}gi`. ]lf c`c}ie ia }lgr }tc`raitec}gi` lcr dff` g`qfr}goc}fm d ec` rblihctr

c`m tfrfctblftr wli ctf kff` }i hfct` cdiv} }lf }tc`rg}gi` ia }lf withm r bg}gfr atie itoc`gb(

}tcmg}gi`ch c`m vtdc` aiter }i eimft`( g`mvr}tgch c`m av`b}gi`ch r}tvb}vtfr. Avt}lfteitf( ~tidhfer

rvbl cr ~ihhv}gi`( ohidch wctegò( c`m }lf ribgch c`m bvh}vtch mfotcmc}gi` ia bg}gfr c`m tfogi`r ctf

bihhfb}gqf bi`rfsvf`bfr ia }lf g`mvr}tgch diie wlgbl lg} eir} ia }lf withm r bg}gfr( c`m lcqf dff`

rvdjfb} }i f|}f`rgqf tfrfctbl( f|~hitc}gi` c`m g`qfr}goc}gi`.3

G` tfbf`} fctr( `fw c~~ticblfr }i vtdc`gre lcqf dff` mfqfhi~fm g` c` c}}fe~} }i iqftbief chh }lfblchhfòfr }lc} }lf withm gr acbgò }imc dfbcvrf ia }lgr mtcec}gb blcòf. Rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre( `fw

vtdc`gre c`m rvr}cg`cdhf mfqfhi~ef`}r ctf ceiòr} }lf c~~ticblfr c~~hgfm }i }lf withm

ef}ti~ihgrfr }imc( g` }tgchr cgefm }i crrfrr }lfgt blc`bfr ia rvtqgqch c`m bi`}g`vg}4. Mivohcr Actt

,4>>?' f|~hcg`r }lf `ffm ait rvbl mfqfhi~ef`}r g` }lf withm }imc; lgr diik( Rvr}cg`cdhf

Vtdc`gre( gr ìw dfgò vrfm g` ec` Ctblg}fb}vtf rbliihr cr }lf ecg` }f|}diik ait rvr}cg`cdhf

vtdc`gre eimvhfr c`m ~tiotceefr.

G` tfbf`} fctr( ~fi~hf lcqf bief }i tfchgzf }lc} }tcmg}gi`ch aiter ia vtdc`gre wftf eitf

rvr}cg`cdhf c`m wftf crribgc}fm wg}l c df}}ft svchg} ia hgaf; bi`rfsvf`}h( }lf ge~it}c`bf ia

}tcmg}gi`ch aiter ia vtdc` rf}}hfef`}r c`m ctblg}fb}vtf gr ocg`gò eitf ~i~vhctg} }imc. C` f|ce~hf

ia }lfrf `fw g`}ftfr}r g` }lgr agfhm ia r}vm gr }lf ait}lbiegò r}vm d Wc``cr ! _fdft ,4>34'( wlgblaibvrfr i` }lf rvr}cg`cdhf cr~fb}r ia }tcmg}gi`ch ctblg}fb}vtf c`m liw }lf fcthgfr} rf}}hfef`}

~c}}ft`r wftf eitf bie~c}gdhf wg}l ivt f`qgtièf`}. Wc``cr ! _fdft ~tiqgmf hfrri`r atie }lf

~cr} }i df vrfm g` av}vtf mfqfhi~ef`}r }i ~timvbf c eitf rvr}cg`cdhf dvgh} f`qgtièf`}. ]lf chri

ghhvr}tc}f }lfgt }lfitgfr c`m c~~ticblfr wg}l bcrf r}vmgfr c`m f|ce~hfr.

]lf bi`bf~}r ia rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre ctf lfcqgh ge~hfef`}fm }imc c`m ctf qft evbl crribgc}fm

wg}l }tcmg}gi`ch vtdc`gre rblfefr }lc} lcqf f|gr}fm rg`bf c hiò }gef coi. G} bc` df ctovfm }lc} }lfrf

`fw c~~ticblfr lcqf ectkfmh tf%ge~hfef`}fm }lf hir} }tcmg}gi`ch cttcòfef`}r wlgbl f|gr}fm

dfaitf }lf G`mvr}tgch Tfqihv}gi`( c`m }lc} }lf ctf cb}vchh ì} bie~hf}fh itgog`ch }i ec`kg`m it }i

}lf ct} c`m rbgf`bf ia vtdc`gzc}gi`. Gmfcr hgkf mfg`mvr}tgchgzc}gi` c`m ~fmfr}tgc`gzc}gi` ctf f|ce~hfr

ia }lfrf `fw c~~ticblfr.2

]ckgò ~fmfr}tgc`gzc}gi` cr c` f|ce~hf( cv}litg}gfr c`m itoc`gzc}gi`r ctf }tgò }i tfmvbf }lf vrcof

ia cv}ieidghfr( }ltivol f`bivtcogò }lf withmr ~i~vhc}gi` }i tfqgqf }lf hir} ct} ia wchkgò. ]lgr gr

cblgfqfm }ltivol fhgeg`c}gò }lf `ffm }i vrf }lf bct wlf`fqft ~irrgdhf( c` g`qf`}gi` }lc} lcr

mtcec}gbchh blcòfm }lf acdtgb c`m rlc~f ia ivt bg}gfr rg`bf g} wcr agtr} g`}timvbfm g` }lf 3?}l

3]gei}l Rf|}i`( ]lf Ge~cb} ia }lf G`mvr}tgch Tfqihv}gi` i` Vtdc` Hgaf % Wclii# Qigbfr % Qigbfr.clii.bie(

4>>< 8l}}~:))qigbfr.clii.bie)}lf%ge~cb}%g`mvr}tgch%tfqihv}gi`%vtdc`%hgaf%312?7.l}eh0 [cbbfrrfm 2>

@iqfedft 4>33U; Tgblctm ]. HfOc}fr c`m Atfmftgb R}iv}( ]lf Bg} Tfcmft( Aga}l Fmg}gi` ,@fw Witk: Tiv}hfmof(

4>33'( ~. ?>= 8l}}~:))diikr.oiiohf.bie)diikr9gm5}BDJ]SJWobiB!~ogr530 [cbbfrrfm 44 Mfbfedft 4>33U.4Mivohcr Actt( Rvr}cg`cdhf Vtdc`gre ,Jil` _ghf ! Ri`r( 4>>


3/12

bf`}vt=. ^fmfr}tgc`gzc}gi` gr c bhfct f|ce~hf ia }lf g`}ftbi``fb}gi` df}wff` `fw vtdc`gre c`m }lf

}tcmg}gi`ch vtdc`gre rblfefr }lc} f|gr}fm c hiò }gef coi.

Agovtf 3. ^lcrfr g` Vtdc`gre.

]lf tfrfctbl ~tidhfe:

Dcltcg`: atie Mfrft} }i Mfqfhi~ef`}

Dcltcg` gr i`f ia }lf biv`}tgfr wlgbl wftf lg} d }lf G`mvr}tgch Tfqihv}gi` ca}ft }lf mgrbiqft ia igh.

]imc( hgkf ec` biv`}tgfr ctiv`m }lf withm( g} gr }tgò }i agol} ait g}r rvtqgqch d ge~hfef`}gò eitf

rvr}cg`cdhf rblfefr g` }lf li~f ia cblgfqgò bi`}g`vg} c`m f`rvtfm rvtqgqch.

]lf ecjit blchhfòf g` Dcltcg`r bcrf( cr g` ec` ia }lf Ovha biv`}tgfr( gr }lc} }lf biv`}t rkg~~fm c

lvof ceiv`} ia `c}vtch otcmvch mfqfhi~ef`} g` df}wff` }lf mgrbiqft ia igh }lf G`mvr}tgch

Tfqihv}gi`% c`m }lf f|}tfef i~~irg}f ia }lf mfrft} tvtch hgaf wlgbl f|gr}fm dfaitf }lf v`fct}lgò ia

igh g` 37236. ]lftf wcr c lvof jve~ g`}i bie~hf}f eimft`gzc}gi` g` c tfhc}gqfh f|}tfefh rlit}

~ftgim ia }gef.

^tg`bf Acgrch: nn@i Ctcd hiqfr }lf mfrft}. _f hiqf wc}ft c`m otff` }tffr. ]lftf gr ì}lgò g` }lf

mfrft} c`m ì ec` `ffmr ì}lgò. It gr g} }lc} iv }lg`k wf ctf rief}lgò iv bc` ~hc wg}l(

dfbcvrf wf ctf c hg}}hf ~fi~hf9 C rghh ~fi~hf( otffm( dctdctivr c`m btvfh9 _lc} mi iv kìw(

hgfv}f`c`}9 G` }lf Ctcd bg} ia Bitmiqc( }lftf wftf }wi eghfr ia ~vdhgb hgol}gò g` }lf r}tff}r wlf`

Hi`mi` wcr c qghhcof .1R~ikf` dw Chfb Ovg``frr.

Ch}livol }lf tfrivtbfr ait tfaite c`m mfqfhi~ef`} wftf cqcghcdhf( }lf hibch tfrgmf`}r ia Dcltcg`

wftf ì} tfcm ait rvbl c` f|}tfef }tc`raitec}gi`( c`m mgm ì} lcqf }lf f|~ft}grf it bc~cdghg}gfr

`ffmfm c} }lc} }gef ait rvbl c }tc`raitec}gi`. Bi`rfsvf`}h( c hi} ia f|~c}tgc}fr wftf fe~hifm }i

hfcm rief ia }lf ecjit vtdc` mfqfhi~ef`} c`m ~hc``gò ~tijfb}r g` Dcltcg`; }lgr tfrvh}fm g` vtdc`

aiter }lc} wftf bie~hf}fh chgf` }i }lf bi`}f|}( bcvrfm d c hcbk ia v`mftr}c`mgò ia }lf }tcmg}gi`r

c`m vtdc` gmf`}g} ia Dcltcg`. Cr c tfrvh}( c` vtdc` oc~ wcr btfc}fm( mf}cblgò }lf eimft` atie }lf

}tcmg}gi`ch g` Dcltcg`.

=Ofiaa @gblihri`( ]lf Hir} Ct} ia _chkgò: ]lf Lgr}it( Rbgf`bf( lghiri~l( Hg}ftc}vtf( ]lfit c`m tcb}gbf ia

^fmfr}tgc`gre ,Witk: Lctdivt tfrr( 4>3>'.6

I|aitm Dvrg`frr Otiv~( ]lf Tf~it} Dcltcg`( 4>>7

8l}}~:))diikr.oiiohf.bie)diikr9gm5YEsVJ^^ \wkB!~o5^]220 [cbbfrrfm 44 Mfbfedft 4>33U.1Mcqgm Hfc`( Hcwtf`bf ia Ctcdgc ,Litgzi` gb}vtfr( 3714' 8l}}~:))www.iv}vdf.bie)wc}bl9q5=ZM=362GvdW0

[cbbfrrfm 44 Mfbfedft 4>33U.


4/12

G` 4>>?( }lf oiqftèf`} ia Dcltcg` fr}cdhgrlfm btg}ftgc ait g}r rvr}cg`cdhf mfqfhi~ef`}; }lgr wcr

rveectgzfm g` c ~hc` }i df ge~hfef`}fm d }lf fct 4>2>?. Ch}livol }lf biv`}t ~tiotfrrfm tc~gmh

g` f`rvtgò fbiìegb rvr}cg`cdghg}( vàit}v`c}fh }lgòr mgm ì} blcòf ait }lf df}}ft. ]lgr wcr mvf

}i c wgmf tcòf ia tfcri`r( g` }fter ia ribgch( bvh}vtch it f`qgtièf`}ch rvr}cg`cdghg}.

]lf cv}litg}gfr g` Dcltcg` rffe }i lcqf dfbief bie~hf}fh ibbv~gfm d }lfgt `fw ~hc`r }i ~tiqgmfr}c}f%ia%}lf%ct} gàtcr}tvb}vtf rftqgbfr( livrgò i~~it}v`g}gfr ait }lf v`mft~tgqghfofm c`m oiim

bi`mg}gi`r ait g`qfr}ef`} }i f`rvtf g}r fbiìegb rvr}cg`cdghg} c`m otiw}l. I` }lf i}lft lc`m( }lfrf

cb}gi`r lcqf tfrvh}fm g` ec}}ftr ia fsvch ge~it}c`bf dfgò `fohfb}fm g` }lf hiò }fte.

]lf aibvr i` fbiìegb rvr}cg`cdghg} tfrvh}fm g` c `vedft ia grrvfr caafb}gò }lf ribgch( bvh}vtch c`m

f`qgtièf`}ch rvr}cg`cdghg} ia Dcltcg`r vtdc`gzc}gi`. Ait g`r}c`bf( fbiìegb tfbhcec}gi` ~tijfb}r

}iik iqft eir} ia Dcltcg`r rlitfhg`f( mfr}tigò rief ge~it}c`} `c}vtch lcdg}c}r ait ectg`f hgaf c`m

rief ia }lf qg}ch bvh}vtch cr~fb}r ia }lf mcgh hgaf ia Dcltcg`g tfrgmf`}r.2>( 4>>?

8l}}~:))www.rie.bie)bi`}f`}.bae)dcltcg`Y`c}gi`chY~hc``gòYmfqfhi~ef`}Yr}tc}fo0.3> ,Ec`cec (

4>3>' 8l}}~:))www.tfbhcge.dl)~vdhgbc}gi`.l}eh0; Avcm Ch C`rctg( ^vdhgb I~f` R~cbf i` }lf ]tc`raitegò Vtdc`_c}ftati`}r ia Dcltcg`% ]lf Bcrf ia Ec`cec Bg}. ,V`gqftrg} ia @fwbcr}hf( 4>>7'

8l}}~r:))}lfrfr.`bh.cb.vk)mr~cbf)dg}r}tfce)3>==2)644)3)Ch C`rctg>7.~ma0.


5/12

Ctfc ia tfrfctbl:

Agovtf 4. Rw`ftow ia r}vmw ctfcr

]lf bi`mvb}fm tfrfctbl wghh tfqihqf ctiv`m }lf bi`}f|} ia Dcltcg`( c biv`}t g` }lf Egmmhf Fcr} wg}l

c }i}ch ctfc ia tivolh 4?> rsvctf kghief}tfr7. ]lgr gr hfrr }lc` i`f aga}l ia }lf ctfc ia Otfc}ft Hi`mi`

,36?4 rsvctf ef}tfr'.3>

Dcltcg`r ~i~vhc}gi` gr fr}gec}fm }i r}c`m c} 3.413< eghhgi` g` 4>3333

.

Agovtf 2.Dcltcg`r ~i~vhc}gi`.33

]imc }lf vtdc` mfeiotc~lgbr ia Dcltcg` ctf dctfh bie~c}gdhf wg}l g}r ~i~vhc}gi`( cr }lf biv`}t gr

chtfcm acbgò rief ~tidhfer g` ~hc``gò c`m vtdc` mfqfhi~ef`}. Avt}lfteitf( g} lcr dff`

fr}gec}fm }lc} Dcltcg` wghh f`biv`}ft rftgivr ~tidhfer g` cbbieeimc}gò g}r otiwgò ~i~vhc}gi` g`

}lf `fct av}vtf. G} lcr dff` ~tfmgb}fm }lc} }lf ~i~vhc}gi` wghh g`btfcrf d 2>>(>>> d 4>2>.

@fqft}lfhfrr( }lgr wghh chri tfrvh} g` c` i~~it}v`g} ait tfaitegò }lf vtdc` ~tiaghf ia }lf biv`}t. 34

]lf tfrfctbl wghh eir}h aibvr i` }lf f|}f`} ia rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre. Liwfqft( dfbcvrf }lf tfrfctbl

}cbkhfr }lf bvttf`} vtdc` acdtgb ia Dcltcg`( c }litivol f|ceg`c}gi` ia }lf vtdc` eit~lihio ia

Dcltcg` wghh lcqf }i df bcttgfm iv} g` itmft }i v`mftr}c`m }lf otcmvch vtdc` mfqfhi~ef`} ia }lf

r}vm ctfc dfaitf bi`r}tvb}gò c` crrve~}gi`r. Avt}lfteitf( mvf }i }lf f|gr}gò bvh}vtchh% c`m

lgr}itgbchh%tgbl vtdc` r}tvb}vtf( bi`rftqc}gi` c`m bvh}vtchh%hfm vtdc` tfof`ftc}gi` c~~ticblfr c`m

~tg`bg~hfr wghh lcqf }i df fe~hifm }i ovgmf }lf ~tibfrr.

7Lctt Ovooft( Dcltcg` Hfrri`r ,hcditc}igtf mf hc ~timvb}gi` mctblg}fb}vtf ,hc~c'( 4>3>'.

3>]lf atff f`bbhi~fmgc _gkg~fmgc( Otfc}ft Hi`mi`( 4>33 8l}}~:))f`.wgkg~fmgc.ito)wgkg)Otfc}ftYHi`mi`0

[cbbfrrfm 43 Mfbfedft 4>33U.33

]lf _ithm Dc`k( _ithm Mfqfhi~ef`} G`mgbc}itr x Mc}c( 4>33 8l}}~:))mc}c.withmdc`k.ito)mc}c%

bc}chio)withm%mfqfhi~ef }%g`mgbc}itr9bgm5O^MY_MG0 [cbbfrrfm 43 Mfbfedft 4>33U.34Ovooft.

Bi`}f|},Dcltcg`'

Rvr}cg`cdhfVtdc`gre

VtdcÈit~lihiow

Bvh}vtch %

Bi`rftqc}gi`%hfm Vtdc`

Tfof`ftc}gi`


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Hg}ftc}vtf tfqgfw:

R}ct}gò wg}l }lf dticmft r}vm ctfc( }lf eir} bieei`h%vrfm mfag`g}gi` ia rvr}cg`cdghg} gr }lf i`f

tfhfcrfm d ]lf Dtv`m}hc`m Bieegrrgi` ia }lf V`g}fm @c}gi`r: Rvr}cg`cdhf mfqfhi~ef`} gr

mfqfhi~ef`} }lc} eff}r }lf `ffmr ia }lf ~tfrf`} wg}liv} bie~tiegrgò }lf cdghg} ia av}vtf

of`ftc}gi`r }i eff} }lfgt iw` `ffmr.32

Avt}lfteitf( }lf }ltff ~ghhctr ia rvr}cg`cdghg} wftf

tfbio`gzfm g` }lf 4>>6 V`g}fm @c}gi`r _ithm Rveeg}( wlftf g} wcr cotffm }lc} f`qgtièf`}ch(

fbiìegb c`m ribgch r}tcg`r ctf chh frrf`}gch ait c }tvh bie~tflf`rgqf rvr}cg`cdhf mfqfhi~ef`}.

]lf V.R. Otff` Dvghmgò Biv`bgh ,VRODB' ghhvr}tc}fr }lf tfhc}gi`rlg~ df}wff` }lfrf }ltff mgef`rgi`r

ia rvr}cg`cdghg} g` g}r r}vm ovgmfr( crrvtgò }lc} }lgr bie~tflf`rgqf c~~ticbl }i rvr}cg`cdghg} gr

wlc} aiter }lf dcrgr ia kìwhfmof g` }lf fmvbc}gi` ia chh bc`mgmc}fr wli ctf cgegò }i df caaghgc}fm

wg}l }lf biv`bgh3=

. G} gr }lftfaitf fqgmf`} }lc} }lftf gr c of`ftch ohidch v`mftr}c`mgò ia }lf

ge~it}c`bf ia}lf }ltff ~ghhctr it }lf }tg~hf di}}ie hg`f( cr gmf`}gagfm d }lf VRODB.

Liwfqft( }lgr v`mftr}c`mgò gr ì} of`ftchh fqgmf`} g` Dcltcg`. ]i dfog` wg}l( }lf ceiv`} ia

hg}ftc}vtf bi`mvb}fm g` Dcltcg` g` }lf agfhmr ia rvr}cg`cdghg} it rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre gr qft hgeg}fm. G`

cmmg}gi`( }lf biv`}t chri hcbkr Dcltcg`g f|~ft}r g` }lf agfhmr ia bi`rftqc}gi`( tfof`ftc}gi` c`m

rvr}cg`cdhf mfqfhi~ef`}.

Afw tfrfctbl r}vmgfr lcqf dff` bi`mvb}fm i` }lf ecrrgqf f|~c`rgi` ia bicr}hg fr g` Dcltcg` c`m }lf

bi`rfsvf`bfr ia rvbl tc~gm mfqfhi~ef`}r }i Dcltcg`r vtdc` eit~lihio. Ch C`rctg ,4>>7' wcr }lf

agtr} rblihct }i r}vm }lgr rvdr}c`}gch }tc`raitec}gi` g` Dcltcg`r bicr}hg`fr. Lf aibvrfm lgr tfrfctbl

i` }lf hcbk ia ~vdhgb i~f` r~cbfr g` Dcltcg` g` of`ftch( c`m eitf r~fbgagbchh i` }lf wc}ftati`}r ia

}lf bc~g}ch( Ec`cec. Lgr tfrfctbl rliwfm }lc} ch}livol Dcltcg` gr c` grhc`m rvttiv`mfm d wc}ft

atie chh mgtfb}gi`r( i`h 2%3>( }lf Eg`gr}t ia Bvh}vtf ~cgm c}}f`}gi` }i }lgr grrvf c`m g`qfr}fm g` }lf tfrfctbl c`m r}vm ia

}lgr ~lfìefì`. ]lf ag`mgòr ia }lf bi`mvb}fm tfrfctbl aitefm }lf `c}gi`ch rvdegrrgi` ia }lf

Kgòmie ia Dcltcg` }i }lf Qf`gbf Ctblg}fb}vtf Dgf``chf; }lf Kgòmie wi` }lf Oihmf` Hgi` ~tgzf ait

}lgr f`}t. G` }fter ia Tfbhcge( }lf `c}gi`ch ~ct}gbg~c}gi` ia }lf Kgòmie ia Dcltcg` rf}r g}rfha g` c

egm%~irg}gi`. ]lf tfrfctbl g`qfr}goc}fm }lf blcòfr c`m }tc`raitec}gi` ia bicr}hg`fr g` Dcltcg` c`m

mfrbtgdfm }lf rg}vc}gi` d }ckgò c `fv}tch ~irg}gi`. G`}ftqgfwr wftf vrfm cr c efc`r ia mibvef`}gò

}lf faafb}r ia }lirf mfqfhi~ef`}r i` }lf of`ftch ~vdhgb g` Dcltcg`( c`m( eitf r~fbgagbchh( i` }lf

agrlftef` wli wftf mgtfb}h caafb}fm d }lf tfbhcec}gi`.36

Ch Lceecmg ,4>33' bi`mvb}fm avt}lft tfrfctbl }cbkhgò }lf rcef grrvf; liwfqft( }lgr r}vm aibvrfm

i` c rechhft ofiotc~lgbch ctfc( }lf Ch Lgmm tfogi` g` }lf bg} ia Evlcttcs. ]lf tfrfctbl tfrvh}fm g`

}lf aitec}gi` ia c` vtdc` mfrgo` rblfef ait }lf tfof`ftc}gi` ia }lf wc}ftati`}( g` c` c}}fe~} }i

~tiqgmf eitf ~vdhgb cbbfrr }i }lf bicr}hg`f.

32V`g}fm @c}gi`r( Tf~it} ia }lf _ithm Bieegrrgi` i` F`qgtièf`} c`m Mfqfhi~ef`}: Ivt Bieei` Av}vtf %

C)=4)=4? C` f| % V@ Mibvef`}r: Oc}lftgò c Dim ia Ohidch Cotffef`}r( 37


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Chh ia }lf cdiqf }ltff tfrfctbl r}vmgfr aibvrfm i` }lf ~tidhfer c`m bi`rfsvf`bfr crribgc}fm wg}l

}lf ecrrgqf mfqfhi~ef`}r }ckgò ~hcbf i` }lf wc}ftati`}r ia Dcltcg`( wg}l r~fbgch c}}f`}gi` ~cgm }i

}lf hcbk ia ~vdhgb i~f` r~cbfr i` }lfrf bicr}hg`fr. Ch}livol }lf mi ì} mgtfb}h achh v`mft }lf

vedtfhhc ia rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre( }lf }cbkhf i`f ia }lf ecg` acb}itr tfr~i`rgdhf ait }lf mfbhg`f ia

Dcltcg`r lgr}itgbch bf`}tfr c`m }lf g``ft bg}.

I` }lf bvh}vtch hfqfh( }lf Hcditc}it ia }lf ^timvb}gi` ia Ctblg}fb}vtf ,hc~c' bihhcditc}fm wg}l }lf

Acbvh} ia }lf V`gqftrg} Ia Dcltcg` ,VID' c`m }lf Eg`gr}t ia Bvh}vtf g` 4>3> }i ~timvbf c bvh}vtch

ecr}ft ~hc` ait }lf biv`}t; }lgr ctirf cr c tfrvh} ia c` vtdc` r}vm wlgbl mtfw c}}f`}gi` }i }lf

vtdc` ~i}f`}gch ia }lf Kgòmie ia Dcltcg`31

. G` cmmg}gi` }i }lf bvh}vtch ecr}ft ~hc`( }lf

caitfef`}gi`fm r}vm chri tfrvh}fm g` c rf} ia tfbieef`mc}gi`r wlgbl wftf biedg`fm g` wlc} }lf

tfrfctbl }fce `cefm c` vtdc` bi`r}g}v}gi`. ]lgr qcovfh }ivblfr v~i` }lf }ltff cr~fb}r ia

rvr}cg`cdghg}: ribgch( f`qgtièf`}ch c`m fbihiogbch.

Avt}lfteitf( }lf Eg`gr}t ia Ev`gbg~chg}gfr Caacgtr c`m Vtdc` hc``gò bi`rvh}fm c `vedft ia f|~ft}r

g` fgol} mgaaftf`} agfhmr wg}l tfoctmr }i mfqfhi~gò vtdc` mfrgo` ~tijfb}r wg}lg` }lf lgr}itgb svct}ftr

ia Dcltcg`. ]lf bi`rvh}c`}r wftf qctgfm c`m bcef atie mgaaftf`} agfhmr: bi`rftqc}gi`( vtdc` mfrgo`(bi`}tih c`m ec`cofef`}( gàitec}gi` }fblìhio( g` cmmg}gi` }i fbiìegb c`m hfoch bi`rvh}c`}r.

Fcbl ~timvbfm c` cmqgrgò mibvef`} c`m chh ia }lf mibvef`}r wftf ~v} }iof}lft g` c tfaftf`bf

tf~it} ,^lghhg~r f} ch. 4>>1'. ]lf ~timvbfm mibvef`} gr ìw lfcqgh vrfm d ec` oiqftèf`}ch

g`r}g}v}gi`r g` }lf biv`}t }i cgm }lfe g` }lf ~tibfrr ia vtdc` tfof`ftc}gi`. Ch}livol }lf mibvef`}

gr tgbl g` qchvcdhf gàitec}gi`( g} gr wit}l ef`}gi`gò }lc} ì`f ia }lf bi`rvh}c`}r ia }lf tf~it} ctf

Dcltcg`g c}gi`chr. ]lgr cocg` tcgrfr rief svfr}gi`r g` bi``fb}gi` }i }lf v`mftr}c`mgò ia }lf bvh}vtch

gmf`}g} ia Dcltcg` c`m }lf lfcq mf~f`mf`b i` f|}ft`ch bi`rvh}c`bgfr.

]lftf c~~fctr }i df i`f tfrfctbl r}vm( Tcmlg ,4>>>? c`m ogqfr of`ftch ovgmfhg`fr i` Dcltcg`r

~hc`r ait ge~tiqfef`}. ]imc( aivt fctr ca}ft }lf ~timvb}gi` ia }lgr ~hc`( g} gr idqgivr }lc} }lf

fbiìegb rgmf ia }lf }tc`raitec}gi` r}tc}fo lcr mieg`c}fm }lf bvh}vtch( c`m( eitf ge~it}c`}h( }lf

f`qgtièf`}ch rgmfr ia }lf fsvghgdtgve ia rvr}cg`cdghg}.

G} gr idqgivr atie }lf tfqgfw cdiqf }lc} rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre gr c agfhm }lc} gr hcbkgò g` Dcltcg`( fqf`}livol }lf biv`}t lcr }lf }lgtm hctofr} fbihiogbch aii}~tg`} g` }lf withm c} 3>.>= ohidch lfb}ctfr ~ft

~ftri` bie~ctfm }i c withm cqftcof ia 4.? ohidch lfb}ctfr ~ft ~ftri`3 ,[[Ohidch Aii}~tg`} @f}witkUU( 4>3>'

8l}}~:))f`.wgkg~fmgc.ito)wgkg)Hgr}YiaYbiv`}tgfrYdYfbihiogbchYaii}~tg`}0 [cbbfrrfm 42 Mfbfedft 4>33U.


8/12

Agovtf =. Dcltcg`r fbihiogbch aii}~tg`}.37

Bi`rgmftc}gi`r lcqf dff` ogqf` }i fbiìegb c`m ~ct}gchh bvh}vtch rvr}cg`cdghg}( dv} hg}}hf c}}f`}gi`lcr aibvrfm i` f`qgtièf`}ch bi`bft`r c`m blchhfòfr. ]lgr tfrfctbl g`}f`mr }i aghh }lgr oc~ d

tfbi``fb}gò }lf }ltff cr~fb}r ia rvr}cg`cdghg} v`mft }lf vedtfhhc ia vtdc`gre. R~fbgch c}}f`}gi`

rlchh df ogqf` }i f`qgtièf`}ch cr~fb}r( wg}l c` c}}fe~} }i hfqfh v~ }lf fsvc}gi` ia rvr}cg`cdhf

mfqfhi~ef`} g` Dcltcg`.

îrrgdhf iv}biefr ia }lf tfrfctbl:

]lf g`}f`mfm iv}bief ia }lgr tfrfctbl gr }i ~v} aitwctm c` cof`mc ait tfaite c`m tfof`ftc}gi`( wg}l

}lf cge ia lfchgò }lf vtdc` oc~ btfc}fm g` }lf vtdc` acdtgb ia Dcltcg`. ]lgr wivhm lcqf

bi`rfsvf`bfr ait btfc}gò c df}}ft g`}ftbi``fb}fm c`m bilftf`} dvgh}%v~ rblfef( wlgbl wivhm

tfbi``fb} }lf }tcmg}gi`ch c`m }lf bi`}fe~itct g`}i c` iqftchh lctei`givr vtdc` r}tvb}vtf( c`mwivhm fr}cdhgrl }lf egrrgò mgchiovf df}wff` bi`}fe~itct ~tcb}gbfr c`m ctfcr ia lftg}cof. ]lf

cger bc` df rveectgzfm cr aihhiwr:

3. ]i ~v} aitwctm c` vtdc` tfof`ftc}gi` r}tc}fo wlgbl aibvrfr i` chh cr~fb}r ia rvr}cg`cdhfvtdc`gre: fbiìegb( ribgch( dv} eitf ge~it}c`}h( f`qgtièf`}ch cr~fb}r.

4. ]i ~v} aitwctm c rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre rblfef ait av}vtf mfqfhi~ef`}r g` Dcltcg` ,}i dfavt}lft mfqfhi~fm g` }lf ^lM }lfrgr'.

]lf iv}biefr ia }lgr tfrfctbl ctf bc}foitgzfm g`}i }wi rfb}gi`r; }lf agtr} rfb}gi` cmmtfrrfr }lf

bvttf`} rg}vc}gi`( wlgbl wghh df avhh f|~hitfm wg}lg` }lf }gef atcef ia }lf Ecr}ft r }lfrgr. ]i dfog`

wg}l( c r}vm ia }lf vtdc` eit~lihio ia Dcltcg` gr `ffmfm }i v`mftr}c`m }lf otcmvch mfqfhi~ef`}ia }lf biv`}tr ecjit ctfcr( aihhiwfm d c }litivol g`qfr}goc}gi` }i mf}fteg`f }lf bcvrfr c`m

bi`rfsvf`bfr ia }lf vtdc` oc~ btfc}fm g` Dcltcg` }imc.

Rfbi`mh( }lf r}vm rlchh chri tfrvh} g` c rvr}cg`cdhf r}tc}fo ait tfjvqf`c}gi` c`m c }lfitf}gbch

ge~hfef`}c}gi` ia }lgr r}tc}fo }i c rce~hf vtdc` ctfc g` Dcltcg`. R~fbgch c}}f`}gi` rlchh df ~cgm }i

f|ceg`gò }lf tfcri`r wl f`qgtièf`}ch cr~fb}r afhh g`}i `fohfb} g` }lf ~tfqgivr c}}fe~}r }i

~timvbf c rvr}cg`cdhf dvgh} f`qgtièf`} g` Dcltcg`. G` cmmg}gi` }i }lf }lfitf}gbch ge~hfef`}c}gi`(

rfqftch rechh ~tcb}gbch f|~ftgef`}r wghh df bi`mvb}fm g` c blirf` vtdc` ctfc g` Dcltcg`. ]lf

f|~ftgef`}r ctf mfrgo`fm }i }fr} ~vdhgb cwctf`frr c`m tfr~i`rfr( g` c` c}}fe~} }i lfch }lf vtdc`

oc~ f|gr}gò g` Dcltcg` }imc.

37Ohidch Aii}~tg`} @f}witk.


9/12

C} }lf Ecr}ftr hfqfh( }lftf wghh df c }litivol r}vm ia }lf bvttf`} rg}vc}gi`( }iof}lft wg}l }lf rf}}gò

ia r}tc}fogfr ait tfof`ftc}gi` g` c rvr}cg`cdhf ec``ft. ]lgr tfrfctbl rlchh df bi`}g`vfm g` c ^lM

}lfrgr( g` itmft }i ~tiqgmf c rvr}cg`cdhf vtdc`gre ~c}}ft` ait av}vtf mfqfhi~ef`}r c`m ait}lbiegò

~tijfb}r g` Dcltcg`( r}tfrrgò }lf ge~it}c`bf ia bi``fb}gò }lirf `fw mfqfhi~ef`}r wg}l }lf f|gr}gò

c`m }tcmg}gi`ch vtdc` acdtgb. R~fbgch c}}f`}gi` rlchh df ~cgm }i tfr~fb}gò chh }ltff ~ghhctr ia

rvr}cg`cdghg} ,ribgch( fbiìegb c`m f`qgtièf`}ch'( g` itmft }i ~tfqf`} }lf tgrk ia btfc}gò cì}lftvtdc` oc~ g` }lf av}vtf.

Tfrfctbl hgeg}c}gi`r:

Mvf }i }lf rlit} }gef atcef chhibc}fm ait }lf ~timvb}gi` ia }lf Ecr}ftr }lfrgr( }lf }lfitf}gbch

ge~hfef`}c}gi` ia }lf tfrvh}gò rvr}cg`cdhf r}tc}fo wghh lcqf }i `cttiwh aibvr i` c rechh vtdc` ctfc

g` Dcltcg`. ]lf f|cb} hibc}gi` rlchh df mfbgmfm ca}ft c }litivol bie~ctgri` df}wff` ctfcr vrgò c rf}

ia rfhfb}gi` btg}ftgc dcrfm i` }lf ag`mgòr. G} gr chri c blchhfòf }lc} }lf hibc}gi` ia }lf r}vm ctfc gr

dcrfm g` Dcltcg`; }lftfaitf }gef wghh df ia frrf`bf mvtgò }lf }wi cttcòfm }tg~r ait }lf bihhfb}gi` ia

mc}c.

]gefhg`f:

Agovtf 6. ^ti~irfm tfrfctbl }gefhg`f.


10/12

Dvghmgò }lf tfrfctbl svfr}gi`r:4>

Ef}limr c`m ef}limihio:

Agovtf 1. Tfrfctbl ef}limr c`m mc}c bihhfb}gi` r}cofr

Di}l svc`}g}c}gqf c`m svchg}c}gqf c~~ticblfr wghh df c~~hgfm }i }lgr ~gfbf ia tfrfctbl. C biedg`c}gi`

ia }lf }wi c~~ticblfr gr qg}ch ait c }litivol v`mftr}c`mgò ia }lf rg}vc}gi` c`m ait }lf rvbbfrravh

}fr}gò ia }lf l~i}lfrgr. C `vedft ia mc}c bihhfb}gi` ef}limr wghh df ge~hfef`}fm g` }lf agtr} c`m

rfbi`m r}cofr ia mc}c bihhfb}gi`.

]lf ag`mgòr ctgrgò atie }lf agtr} r}cof ia mc}c bihhfb}gi` wghh df c`chrfm c`m bie~ctfm wg}l

rfhfb}fm bcrf r}vmgfr g` itmft }i crrfrr }lf aitec}gi` ia }lf tfaite cof`mc. G` bi`}tcr}( }lf rfbi`m

r}cof wghh }fr} }lf rvbbfrr ia }lf ~ti~irfm cof`mc wg}lg` c blirf` bi`}f|}; g}r ag`mgòr wghh df

c`chrfm }i jvmof }lf qchgmg} ia }lf rvoofr}fm rblfef.

4>^f}ft Bhivol c`m Bc}l @v}dtiw`(C R}vmf }r Ovgmf }i Ef}limihiow( Rfbi`m Fmg}gi`,Hi`mi`: RCOF

^vdhgbc}gi`r H}m( 4>>


11/12

Dgdhgiotc~lw:

3. Ch C`rctg( Avcm( ^vdhgb I~f` R~cbf i` }lf ]tc`raitegò Vtdc` _c}ftati`}r ia Dcltcg`% ]lf Bcrf iaEc`cec Bg}. ,V`gqftrg} ia @fwbcr}hf( 4>>7'

8l}}~r:))}lfrfr.`bh.cb.vk)mr~cbf)dg}r}tfce)3>==2)644)3)Ch C`rctg>7.~ma0.

4. Ch Lceecmg( Ac}fec( Vtdc` _c}ftati`} Tfof`ftc}gi`: C Bcrf R}vm ia Lgmm Bg}( Dcltcg` ,HffmrEf}ti~ihg}c` V`gqftrg}( 4>33'.

2. Bhivol( f}ft( c`m Bc}l @v}dtiw`( C R}vmf`}r Ovgmf }i Ef}limihio( Rfbi`m Fmg}gi` ,Hi`mi`: RCOF^vdhgbc}gi`r H}m( 4>>3> ,[[Ohidch Aii}~tg`} @f}witkUU( 4>3>'

8l}}~:))f`.wgkg~fmgc.ito)wgkg)Hgr}YiaYbiv`}tgfrYdYfbihiogbchYaii}~tg`}0 [cbbfrrfm 42 Mfbfedft

4>33U.

1. Otff` Dvghmgò Fmvbc}gi` Rftqgbfr( HFFM Otff` Crribgc}f R}vm Ovgmf( 4>33.?. Ovooft( Lctt( Dcltcg` Hfrri`r ,hcditc}igtf mf hc ~timvb}gi` mctblg}fb}vtf ,hc~c'( 4>3>'.33U.

3>. Hfc`( Mcqgm( Hcwtf`bf ia Ctcdgc ,Litgzi` gb}vtfr( 3714'8l}}~:))www.iv}vdf.bie)wc}bl9q5=ZM=362GvdW0 [cbbfrrfm 44 Mfbfedft 4>33U.

33. Eg`gr}t ia Bvh}vtf( TFBHCGE: Kgòmie ia Dcltcg` @c}gi`ch ct}gbg~c}gi` g` Qf`gbf Dgf``chf 4>3>,Ec`cec ( 4>3>' 8l}}~:))www.tfbhcge.dl)~vdhgbc}gi .l}eh0.

34. @gblihri`( Ofiaa( ]lf Hir} Ct} ia _chkgò: ]lf Lgr}it( Rbgf`bf( lghiri~l( Hg}ftc}vtf( ]lfit c`m^tcb}gbf ia fmfr}tgc`gre ,Witk: Lctdivt tfrr( 4>3>'.

32. I|aitm Dvrg`frr Otiv~( ]lf Tf~it} Dcltcg`( 4>>78l}}~:))diikr.oiiohf.bie)diikr9gm5YEsVJ ^^\wkB!~o5 ]220 [cbbfrrfm 44 Mfbfedft 4>33U.

3=. ^lghhg~r( Mvc`f( Dfrge R. Lckge( Chcc fh%Lcdcrlg( Ircec ]ihdc( M. Miìqc` T~kfec( Cvmv` Fòl( c`mi}lftr( Bc~cbg} Dvghmgò ait F`lc`bfef`} ia Vtdc` Oiqft`c`b: Vtdc` Mfrgo` tijfb}r ait ]tcmg}gi`ch

Ctfcr g` Dcltcg`% Bi`rvh}c`}r Tf~it}r( 4>>1.

36. Tcmlg( Lcrrc` E.C( C Rr}fegb C~~ticbl Ait Hiw F`fto Dvghmgòr g` Dcltcg` ,V`gqftrg} iaRlfaagfhm(4>>>4

8l}}~:))www.ceczi`.bi.vk)Dvghmgò%Rvr}cg`cdhf%Vtdc %Rf}}hfef`}r%C~~ticblfr)m~)333U.

3?. Rf|}i`( ]gei}l( ]lf Ge~cb} ia }lf G`mvr}tgch Tfqihv}gi` i` Vtdc` Hgaf % Wclii# Qigbfr %Qigbfr.clii.bie( 4>>< 8l}}~:))qigbfr.clii.bie)}lf%ge~cb}%g`mvr}tgch%tfqihv}gi`%vtdc`%hgaf%

312?7.l}eh0 [cbbfrrfm 2> @iqfedft 4>33U.

32>( 4>>?8l}}~:))www.rie.bie)bi`}f`}.bae)dcltcg`Y`c}gi`chY~hc``gòYmfqfhi~ef`}Yr}tc}fo0.

37. ]. HfOc}fr( Tgblctm( c`m Atfmftgb R}iv}( ]lf Bg} Tfcmft( Aga}l ,@fw Witk: Tiv}hfmof( 4>33'( ~. ?>=8l}}~:))diikr.oiiohf.bie)diikr9gm5}BDJ]SJWobiB!~ogr530 [cbbfrrfm 44 Mfbfedft 4>33U.

4>. ]lf _ithm Dc`k( _ithm Mfqfhi~ef`} G`mgbc}itr x Mc}c( 4>33 8l}}~:))mc}c.withmdc`k.ito)mc}c%bc}chio)withm%mfqfhi~ef }%g`mgbc}itr9bgm5O^MY_MG0 [cbbfrrfm 43 Mfbfedft 4>33U.

43. V`g}fm @c}gi`r( Ivt Bieei` Av}vtf( Blc~}ft 4: ]iwctmr Rvr}cg`cdhf Mfqfhi~ef`} % C)=4)=4? C``f|(Blc~}ft 4 % V@ Mibvef`}r: Oc}lftgò c Dim ia Ohidch Cotffef`}r( 37


12/12

TFRFCTBL ^TI^IRCH

ACW CH KLCHGAC

an urban healing agenda for reform in bahrain

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