an toan lao dong va san xuat

8/7/2019 An Toan Lao Dong Va San Xuat

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Phn IIAn ton lao ng

I- Nhng quy tc chung v an ton lao ng1. Cc quy tc an ton khi sp xp vt liu- Dng k v nh v chc chn khi bo qun vt d ln...

- Vt liu nn xp ring theo tng loi v theo th t thun tin cho vic bo qun, s dng;- Bo qun ring cc cht gy chy, cht d chy, a xt.2. Cc quy tc an ton khi i li- Chc i li cc li i dnh ring cho ngi c xc nh;- Khi ln xung thang phi vn tay vo lan can;- Khng nhy t v tr trn cao nh gin do xung t;- Khi c chng ngi vt trn li i phi dn ngay thng ng;- Khng bc, gim qua my ct, gc my, vt liu, thit b v ng dnh ring cho vn chuyn;- Khng i li trong khu vc c ngi lm vic bn trn hoc c vt treo trn;- Khng i vo khu vc ang chuyn, ti bng cu...- Nht thit phi dng m khi i li pha di cc cng trnh xy dng, cc my mc ang hot ng.

3. Cc quy tc an ton ni lm vic- Khng bo qun cht c ni lm vic.- Khi lm vic bn trn nn cm ngi i li pha di; khng nm !, dng c xung di.- Ni lm vic lun c gi" sch s#, dng c, vt liu c sp xp gn gng.- Thc hin theo cc bin bo, cc quy tc an ton c$n thit.4. Cc quy tc an ton khi lm vic tp th- Khi lm vic tp th phi phi hp cht ch# vi nhau.- Chnh ngi ch huy v lm vic theo tn hiu c%a ngi ch huy.- S dng dng c bo h thch hp trc khi lm vic.- Tm hiu k& trnh t v cch lm vic, tin hnh theo ng trnh t.- Khi 'i ca phi bn giao cng vic mt cch t( m, r rng.

- Trc khi vn hnh thit b phi ch quan st ngi xung quanh.5. Cc quy tc an ton khi tip xc vi cht c hi- C$n phn loi, dn nhn v bo qun cht c hi ni quy nh.- Khng n ung, ht thuc ni lm vic.- S dng cc dng c bo h (mt n chng khc, o chng ho cht, gng tay...), dng c phngh.- Nh"ng ngi khng lin quan khng c vo khu vc cha cht c.- Tht cn thn khi s dng cc cht ki)m, a xt.- Ra tay sch s# trc khi n ung.6. Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng dng c bo h* C$n s dng dng c bo hc cp pht ng theo yu c$u:

- C$n s dng %ng bo b, m bo h khi lm vic ngoi tri, trong mi trng nguy him, c hi.- Khng s dng gng tay vi khi lm vic vi cc loi my quay nh my khoan...- S dng knh chng bi khi lm cc cng vic pht sinh bi, mn... nh ct, mi, gia cng ckh....- S dng o, gng tay chng ho cht; knh bo h khi tip xc vi ho cht.- S dng knh bo v khi lm vic ni c tia c hi.- Nh"ng ngi kim tra, sa ch"a my in, dng cin, dy ti, dy cp in c$n s dng m cchin, gng tay cao su cch in.- S dng dng c h* trh hp, my cp khng kh, mt n d+ng kh khi lm vic trong mitrng c n!ng xy di 18%.


2/17

- Trong mi trng c n!ng khc vt qu tiu chun cho php, c$n s dng dng c cung cpkh trh hp.- Khi phi tip xc vi (vt) cht nng hoc lm vic mi trng qu nng c$n s dng gng v ochng nhit.- C$n s dng dng c bo v nh nt l* tai, bt tai khi lm vic trong mi trng c !n trn 90dB.- C$n s dng o, mt n, gng tay, %ng chng thm nhp khi tip xc vi cc cht gy t'n thng

cho da hoc gy nhim c qua da.- S dng mt n phng c ni c kh, khi, hi c; s dng mt n chng bi ni c nhi)uvn, bi bay.- S dng gng tay chuyn dng khi nung chy, hn ga, hn h! quang.- S dng thit b an ton kiu x eo khi lm vic ni d b ng hoc ni c cao t 2m trln.- S dng dng c bo v mt khi lm vic trong mi trng d b bn mn, hi, cht c vo mt.- S dng o, gng chng phng x khi lm vic g$n thit b c s dng phng x!ng v.7. Cc quy tc an ton my mc7.1. Cc quy tc an ton chung- Ngoi ngi ph trch ra, khng ai c khi ng, i)u khin my;- Trc khi khi ng my phi kim tra thit b an ton v v trng;- Trc khi i lm vic khc phi tt my, khng my hot ng khi khng c ngi i)u khin;- C$n tt cng tc ngu!n khi b mt in;- Khi mun i)u chnh my, phi tt ng cv chcho ti khi my dng h,n; khng dng tay hocgy lm dng my;- Khi vn hnh my c$n s dng phng tin bo v c nhn, khng mc o qu di, khng qunkhn qung c', khng eo c vt, nhn, gng tay;- Kim tra my thng xuyn v kim tra trc khi vn hnh;- Trn my h-ng c$n treo bin ghi "my h-ng".- Tt my trc khi lau chi v dng dng c chuyn dng lau chi.7.2. Cc quy tc an ton khi vn hnh my khoan- Trc khi lm vic c$n kim tra xem mi khoan c lp cnh cha;- Khng eo gng tay khi lm vic;- Sau khi mi khoan quay, cnh bn lm vic;- Trong khi khoan khng dng ming th'i hoc dng tay gt mn;- Khi mun khoan l* to, nn khoan l* nh- trc sau khoan rng thm;- Khi khoan tm m-ng nn lt vn g*di;- C$n tip mt trc khi thao tc khoan in.7.3. Cc quy tc an ton khi dng thang my vn chuyn- Trc khi s dng c$n kim tra cc thit b an ton nh b phn dng khn cp; khng vn hnhmy khi xy ra trc trc;- Trc khi s dng c$n nm v"ng phng php i)u khin v cch x l trong trng hp khn cp;- Kim tra xem thang my tip t hon ton cha trc khi cht, d+hng;- Vn chuyn vt di trng ti cho php; khng cht ! th ra ngoi;- Cho thang chy khi ca ng kn;- Khng ai c i vo thang tr ngi i)u khin;- Khi thang ang chy khng da vo ca ra vo;- Ch ra vo khi thang dng hon ton;- Khi c s c xy ra, c$n bo co ngay v tm cch gii quyt.7.4. Cc quy tc an ton khi dng my ti- Kim tra trng thi c%a vt trong thng ti;- Kim tra trng thi c%a dy ti, cng tc gii hn;- Khng cht ! vt vt qu trng ti cho php;


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- Kim tra hot ng c%a cun nh hng;- Kim tra trng thi c%a thng ti;- .ng cht v cnh ca thng ti;- Trc khi vn hnh phi mc cn thn dy an ton;- Vn hnh sau khi trao 'i tn hiu qua li gi"a trn v di;- Trong khi ang vn hnh, khng ngi khc tip cn my;

- Khng thng ti treo llng;- Khi vn hnh nu c s c xy ra c$n ngt in ngu!n v bo ngay cho ngi chu trch nhim c bin php sa ch"a;- Khng c chngi.8. Cc quy tc an ton i vi dng c th% cng- .i vi dng c th% cng nh di, c, c$n sa khi ph$n cn b to, hoc thay mi, khi l+i b h-ng,lung lay.- Sau khi s dng nn bo qun dng cni quy nh.- Khi bo qun c$n bt ph$n l+i di, c v xp vo hm cc dng c c $u sc nhn.- S dng knh bo h khi lm vic ni c vt vng, bn.9. Cc quy tc an ton in- Khng ai c sa in ngoi nh"ng ngi c chng ch.- Khi pht hin c s c c$n bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim.- Khng sm vo dy in, thit bin khi tay t.- Tt c cc cng tc phi c np y.- Khng phun, rt cht l-ng ln thit bin nh cng tc, m t, hm phn phi in.- Kim tra nh k/ an ton c%a dy dn.- Khng treo, mc ! vt ln dy dn in, dng cin.- Khng dy dn chy vt qua gc sc hoc my c cnh sc nhn.- Khng ni nhi)u nhnh vi dy !ng trc.II- an ton khi sdng my mcA- Nhng vn cn ch 1. Cc b phn d gy tai nn c%a thit b, my mcTai nn thng hay xy ra cc b phn thc hin hnh trnh tin li, cc b phn quay, cc b phntip xc nm gi"a ph$n quay c%a thit b. Tai nn xy ra do k0t, vng, t, cun thng xut hin cc b phn chuyn ng quay trn nh l+i c%a my mi, l+i ca c%a my ca trn, l+i (cnh)c%a my trn.Nguy him do k0t thng xy ra gi"a bnh rng hay trc quay chuyn ng xui v dy xch truy)nlc, dy ti hnh ch" V chuyn ng ngc chi)u.2. Phng php vn hnhTrong khi thao tc, nu pht hin s c nh: rung, nh la, r d$u... c%a my hoc m tc$nthc hin cc bin php thch hp nh bo ngay cho ngi chu trch nhim.. ngn nga s c xy ra do cng nhn khc vn hnh my thiu chnh xc, c$n thc hin ccbin php thch hp nh: gn kho vo b phn i)u khin v qun l ring cha kho; gn binbo c ) ch" "ang hot ng".3. Trnh t kim tra mya) Kim tra khi my ngh:- Kim tra b phn cp d$u.- Kim tra cng tc c%a m t.- Kim tra trng thi l-ng, cht c%a vt.- Kim tra b phn truy)n lc, b phn an ton.- Kim tra trng thi tip mt.- Kim tra trnh bo qun cc cht l-ng, cht kh d chy g$n cng tc.


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b) Kim tra khi my ang hot ng:- Kim tra trng thi chc nng c%a trc truy)n lc.-Kim tra tip d$u v r d$u.- Kim tra chu lc v trng thi c%a l chn bo v, tm ph% phng hc lp t cc v trnguy him nh: bnh quay chnh, bnh rng, bng ti, trc ti hoc cc ph$n $u tri ra vt c%athen, cht my .

- Kim tra ting ku l, rung, hin tng qu nng v nh la c%a m t.B- An ton khi lm vic vi mt smy mc c th1. An ton khi lm vic vi my dpa) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Yu t nguy him c%a my: My dp c gn trc truy)n lc ph trthng khng th dng khncp khi trc trt thc hin hnh trnh i xung.- Khi vn hnh sai nguyn tc: Tai nn thng xy ra do ri ph$n khun trn hoc do ngi khc vtnh i)u khin lm cho trc trt i xung trong khi ang i)u chnh, tho, lp khun.- Thiu ch khi s dng thit b an ton:+ S dng cc thit b an ton khng thch hp vi ch%ng loi, hnh thc c%a my dp; lp t ccthit b an ton v tr khng thch hp hoc vn hnh my dp khi thit b an ton khng hot ng.+ Khi ng trc truy)n lc hoc nhn sai bn p trong khi lp, tho, i)u chnh khun.+ . vt ri vo bn p lm cho my dp hot ng sai nguyn tc.+ Tai nn c th xy ra do ngi khc vn hnh sai khi lm vic tp th.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Ch khng cho tay vo trong khun my+ S dng my dp c gn l chn an ton;+ S dng my dp c khun an ton;+ S dng my dp c gn b phn truy)n ti vo ra tng.- S dng cc thit b bo h c gn km tu/ theo ch%ng loi, p lc, hnh trnh v phng php lmvic c%a my.+ Thit b an ton kiu then chn;+ Thit b an ton kiu y tay;+ Thit b an ton nhn bit tay ngi;+ Thit b an ton yu c$u vn hnh my bng hai tay;+ Thit b an ton quang in t.- Khi lm vic tp th t hai ngi trln phi la chn kiu tn hiu thch hp trc khi thao tc.- S dng cng c th% cng (nu c th) khi gia cng thit b sn xut.c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi vn hnh my dp:* Cc bc chun b- Trc khi lm vic c$n kim tra hot ng c%a thit b an ton v im h4 gc;- Kim tra xem cng tc la chn c c t v tr thuc hnh trnh an ton 1 hay khng;- Khi my b s c, h-ng hc, c$n bo ngay cho ngi chu trch nhim sa ch"a kp thi.* Thao tc gia cng

- C$n s dng cng tc cp nc khi vn hnh;- C$n chnh cc nt i)u khin sau m*i thao tc;- C$n ngt in ngu!n khi loi b- tp cht trong khun;- C$n s dng thit b chuyn dng dn vn, tp cht.* Cc quy tc van ton khi thay khun- C$n ngt in ngu!n v treo bin bo ) "ang thay khun" vo cng tc khi c nh thay khundp;- Cnh thanh chn an ton vo ng v tr v kim tra li;- Khi lm vic tp th, c$n thng nht r rng vic s dng cc tn hiu;


5/17

- Khng c c s dng sc mnh khi lm vic vi khun dp;- C$n ngt cng tc chnh trc khi thao tc chnh cc thng s;- C$n kim tra khu vc xung quanh my trc khi tin hnh chy th.2. An ton khi lm vic vi my mia) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Do tip xc vi ph$n l+i quay mi c%a my;

- Do cc mnh vn vng ra khi l+i mi b v+;- Do cc mnh vn c%a vt gia cng vng ra.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Trc khi vn hnh my c$n gn thit b che l+i mi ph hp vi ch%ng loi my, !ng thi c %sc chu ng khi l+i mi b v+;- Khi gn thit b che l+i mi c$n duy tr gc htu/ theo loi my;- .ng knh ngoi c%a mt bch bng 1/3 ng knh ngoi c%a l+i mi;- Gn v s dng thit b bo v trnh cc mnh vng c%a vt gia cng;- C$n chy th t nht 1 pht trc khi vn hnh my v t nht 3 pht sau khi thay l+i mi; ch khng my chy vt qu tc quy nh.c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi vn hnh my mi:- Gn v s dng thit b che l+i mi;- C$n my chy th t nht 3 pht sau khi thay l+i mi;- C$n kim tra l+i mi trc khi s dng, khng dng trong trng hp c ting ku l hoc c vtnt, rn l+i mi;- Duy tr khong cch chng 3 mm gi"a l+i mi v gi +;- Cho tip xc t t, trnh xy ra va p mnh gi"a vt gia cng v my;- Mt bch hai bn phi c ng knh ngoi bng nhau v bng ti thiu 1/3 ng knh ngoi c%al+i mi;- Trnh s dng cc m bn c%a l+i mi;- C$n s dng knh, v mt n chng bi khi vn hnh my;- Bo qun my ni kh ro v khng c s chnh lch qu ln v) nhit ;- Phn loi my theo quy cch v ng l+i mi khi bo qun trong kho.3. An ton khi lm vic vi my cun pa) Yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:Tai nn thng xy ra do hai trc cun quay ngc chi)u nhau d ht tay, tc...b) Phng php thao tc an ton:- Trong trng hp vn hnh my cun p gia cng bin hnh hoc lm m)m cao su, cao su t'nghp, phi s dng loi my c gn b phn dng khn cp.

Ch%ng loi thit b dng khncp

V trt thit b

Kiu chnh bng tayKiu chnh bng bngncKiu chnh bng $u gi

Khong 1,8m tnh tmt Khong 0,8 - 1,1m tmt Khong 0,4 - 0,6m tmt

- C$n s dng my cun p c gn thit bnh hng v hng ro bo v khi lm vic vi tm p,giy, vi, kim loi tm ...c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi vn hnh my cun p


6/17

- Trc khi vn hnh my c$n kim tra trng thi hot ng c%a cc thit b an ton nh thit b dngkhn cp;- Thit b dng khn cp phi c lp t v tr thun tin cho ngi s dng;- C$n lp t hng ro bo v v thit bnh hng v tr d b k0t;- Cc cng vic kim tra, lau chi chc thc hin sau khi dng my.4. An ton khi lm vic vi my ca g* l+i trn

a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Tip xc vi l+i ca ang quay khi gia cng g*;- Khi a g* vo pha l+i ca, ph$n ui g* cn tha hay bn thn thanh g* b vng vo thn ngi.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- .) phng tai nn do tip xc vi l+i ca, c$n lp t thit b ngn nga tip xc vi l+i ca(tm che);- .) phng tai nn do vt gia cng b vng, c$n gn l+i ph (dao tch mch).L+i ph c dy gp 1,1 l$n dy c%a l+i ca chnh v c gn cch l+i ca chnh khong12mm.c) Cc quy tc an ton khi s dng my ca:- Trc khi vn hnh c$n cho my chy th;- Kim tra xem l+i ca c b rn nt, mn hoc m1 hay khng;- Kim tra hot ng c%a thit b an ton m*i khi vn hnh my;- Khi lm vic c$n dng cc thit b bo h nh knh bo v...- Trc khi vn hnh my c$n vn cht tt c cc vt, cht g l+i ca;- Sau khi thay l+i ca c$n my chy th trc khi gia cng;- Ch ngt in ngu!n khi kt thc cng vic hay khi mt in;- Ch lun qut mn ca, thu dn, sp xp ngn np ni lm vic.5. An ton khi lm vic vi my bo g* dng ng ca) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my bo g* dng ng c:- Tip xc vi l+i bo ang hot ng;- Ph$n l+i c%a my bo dng thu( lc b h;- Ph$n bng ti hnh ch" V c%a my bo b h.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Gn thit b ngn nga tip xc trc khi lm vic;- Khng s dng gng tay khi vn hnh my;- Dng thit b ph tr(tay y) trnh trt tay vo my khi bt $u v kt thc thao tc;- Ch khng c tnh dng lc n g* vo, ) phng nguy him do $u vu, bu c%a g* vng ra.c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi vn hnh my:- C$n cho my chy th trc khi lm vic.- Kim tra hot ng c%a thit b an ton m*i khi vn hnh my.- Ch ngt in ngu!n khi kt thc cng vic hay khi mt in.- Khi lm vic c$n dng cc thit b bo h nh knh bo v...- Qut v- bo, dn v sinh thng xuyn.6. An ton khi lm vic vi c$n cua) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh cu:- Nguy him do vt c cu b ri;- Nguy him do b k0t;- Nguy him do b t ng.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- S dng c$n cu c gn thit b an ton nh: thit b chng qu ti, thit b chng cun qu dy,thit b dng khn cp, thit b g+dy...- Trc khi lm vic c$n kim tra cc thit b an ton v dy ti;


7/17

- Kim tra an ton c ly di ng c%a hng cu;- S dng mc c gn thit b g+dy;- Khng c s dng cc loi dy ti b mc cc l*i nh:+ Dy b t#;+ Dy b xon;+ Dy b ph hu(, bin dng, n mn;

+ Dy c ng knh b mn, gim hn 7% so vi ng knh tiu chun.+ Dy b mt hn 10% t'ng s si mt $u.c) Cc quy tc an ton khi vn hnh c$n cu:- Ch c nh"ng ngi c chnh mi c quy)n i)u khin my;- Khi chuyn ti hng, khng my hot ng hai hng cng lc;- Do dy ti chu lc va p km nn trnh buc qua loa nng hoc h hng ho;- C$n lp dy xch v dy ti vo hng ti mt cch cn i;- Ch c nh"ng ngi c chnh mi c quy)n ra hiu cho li cu;- Ngi ra hiu phi mc trang phc, phi ra hiu theo quy nh mt cch r rng, mch lc;- Pht tn hiu ti sau khi g mc vo ph$n gi"a vt ti;- Kim tra trng thi c%a dy ti v trnh ti, cu qu ti;- Khng qua li di v tr hng ang c cu.7. An ton lm vic vi xe nnga) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh xe nng:- Do tip xc gi"a ngi v xe;- Do hng ri;- Do xe b' lt.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Khng cht hng ho qu trng ti cho php c%a xe;- Duy tr s'n nh khi chy v khi ti;- Gi"ng gii hn tc cho php khi li xe;- Khng quay xe t ngt;- Khng chy hoc quay xe khi a hng ln cao;- S dng tay nng, thanh chn thch hp vi tng loi hng.

Tnh nguy him Nguyn nhn

Nguy him do tip xc gi"angi v xe

- Chy qu nhanh ngh0p;- Khi chy li;- Hng nhi)u che t$m nhnc%a li xe.

Nguy him do hng ri

- Hng chnh vnh;- Xut pht, dng, vng t

ngt;- Tay li cha thu$n thc.

Nguy him do xe b' lt.

- Quay xe vi tc cao;- N)n, sn lm vic bnghing;- Cht hng qu ti;- .ng i khng bngph,ng.

8. An ton khi lm vic vi bng chuy)na) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:


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- Ngi b k0t do b cun o, qu$n vo dy xch, bng ti, trc quay...- Ngi khc v i)u khin my khi ang sa ch"a, bo tr my;- Hng ti b ri.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Kim tra hot ng c%a cc thit b an ton c%a bng chuy)n;- Khi sa ch"a, bo tr my, c$n gn kho hoc bin ) ".ang lm vic" trnh ngi khc i)u

khin;- .i vi loi bng ti hot ng ti dc, c$n kim tra cc thit b chng b tri ) phng khi b mtin hoc gim in p lm ri hng;- .) phng hng b ri, sa ch"a kp thi li ngn hoc tm che b h-ng;- S dng trang phc gn gng trnh my cun;- Khi ti hng ln cao c$n s dng cc bc ni chuyn tip.c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi vn hnh bng chuy)n:- Khng c t i)u khin tc ti;- Trnh khng c cht hng nghing v) mt bn;- Trnh s dng bng chuy)n vo cc mc ch khc ngoi vn chuyn;- C$n lau chi, sp xp khu vc lm vic, li i thng xuyn;- Ch c ngi c chnh mi c quy)n i)u khin my.9. An ton khi lm vic vi my n to hnha) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Thn ngi d b k0t vo khun khi con trt chy;- Thn th ngi d b k0t do ngi khc v tnh i)u khin trong khi ang kim tra, sa ch"a my;- Bin git do hdy in ngu!n c%a l un;- B b-ng do tip xc thn th vo cc b phn nng nh l un...b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Trong trng hp con trt lm vic khi ca "np" c%a my m, c$n bo ngay cho ngi qun l sa my;- Khi kim tra my c$n gn kho hoc bin ) ".ang lm vic" vo cng tc khi ng ) phngngi khc do v tnh i)u khin my;- . trnh tip xc c$n lp t np ph% vo b phn nng nh l un...- Xc nh v tr nt dng khn cp c th dng my lp tc.10. An ton khi lm vic vi my nghi)na) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- .i vi my nghi)n, my trn... khi ca my md gy ra tro nguyn liu; ngi b ng hoc ri;- Thn th ngi tip xc vi cc b phn ang chuyn ng;- Ngi khc v tnh i)u khin khi ang lau chi, sa ch"a thng my.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Khi vn hnh my nghi)n, my trn c$n kim tra np y v hot ng c%a b phn kho lin ktgi"a np v cng tc khi ng;- Dng my khi ly nguyn liu trn trong my;- Khi lau chi, sa ch"a trong thng my, c$n lp kho vo cng tc khi ng v bo qun chakho.11. An ton khi lm vic vi my tina) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Phoi tin, d$u lm mt my b vng ra;- Vt gia cng qu di thng b cong do lc ly tm;- Gng tay, trang phc bo h d b cun khi ngi tip xc vi trc tin hoc phi ang tin;- Cng c b vng khi ri vo trc tin ang quay.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:


9/17

- Lp t tm bo v chng bn, vng phoi tin v d$u lm mt;- S dng thit b chng rung khi gia cng phi qu di;- S dng trang phc gn gng, trnh dng gng tay vi;- Khng t cng c pha trn trc chnh, nn bo qun ring.c) Cc quy tc vn hnh an ton khi vn hnh my tin:- S dng knh bo h khi gia cng ct;

- Nn s dng loi dao tin ngn v lp dao tht chc chn;- Nn mc trang phc gn trnh b cun vo trc tin hoc phi tin;- S dng thit b chng rung khi gia cng phi qu di;- Khi dn phoi tin, khng dng kh nn m dng ch'i lng;- Khng s dng gng tay vi khi gia cng.12. My ct gt t'ng hpa) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Vn bn vo mt;- ng tay o b cun vo l+i ct.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Lp t tm bo h thch hp vi vt gia cng nm pha trn l+i ct;- Dng ch'i lng khi dn vn;- Khi ct mt chnh, ) phng vn bn ra, nn lp tm bo h hoc dng knh bo h;- Khng dng gng tay khi gia cng ct.c) Cc quy tc vn hnh an ton khi vn hnh my:- Trc khi gia cng c$n lp t cnh phi vo bn hoc b gia cng;- Khi lp, 'i dao nht thit phi ngt in ngu!n;- Khng dng co, cng c trn bn;- Dng my trc khi dn vn ct bng ch'i lng;- Trong trng hp gia cng phi c vn vng c$n s dng knh bo h.13. An ton khi lm vic vi my kh lngMy kh lng: l loi my c dng t lng, nng cao cht lng sn phm v trnh hin tngnhum tng ph$n do phm nhum b ho tan.a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- T!n ti nguy him do hga t nhin, ga ho l-ng, kh Propan;- Trong qu trnh lau loi b- lng tp, bi lng bay nhi)u d gy ra hin tng chy, n'.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Thit b bo ng: Lun qun l, duy tr hot ng bnh thng c%a thit b thm d ga.- Thit bng ngt: Khi thit b bo hga bo ng, lp tc dng my, ng van cp ga nhhthng ng ngt tng.- Trc v sau khi lm vic, dng my ht bi chn khng ht cc bi bn bn cnh l t.- S dng ton b h thng qut thng gi kh bi bay.14. An ton khi lm vic vi my git quayMy git quay: l loi my c dng git sch cc cht bi bn, cht d$u... gip nhum d dng,lm co v )u vi.a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- K0t gi"a thng trong v thng ngoi thnh git: trong qu trnh a ! git vo hoc ly ra, khingi trng thi na trong, na ngoi thng git, thng trong quay lm ngi b k0t.- Tip xc vi nhit cao: do then cht b l-ng hoc mnp ngoi thng khi cha kh ht p sutv nc nng trong thng git gy ra b-ng do nc nng trn ra hoc va p gi"a ngi v npthng.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Tun th% cc quy tc v) an ton:


10/17

+ Nht thit phi kho cht khi a ! git vo hoc ly ra;+ Tuyt i khng c i)u khin cng tc khi ng thng trong c lp mt trc v sau mykhi np ngoi thng m;+ Tuyt i khng mnp thng ngoi khi nhit v mc nc trong thng cha h ti mt giihn quy nh.- Lp t h thng an ton:

+ Lp t h thng chng t mnp trong khi p sut trong thng t trng thi 'n nh m mcnc trong thng cha h xung vch di np ngoi thng;+ Lp t h thng i)u khin ph trnh khi ng m tthng trong khi np ngoi thng trngthi m;+ Gn b cm ng (sensor) vo then kho m tkhng th khi ng trong khi np ngoi thngm;+ Gn cng tc i)u kin my ch lm vic khi np ngoi thng c y cht.15. An ton khi lm vic vi my vt ly tmMy vt ly tm: l loi my dng vt nc sau khi vi tri qua cc cng on git, v, nhum v thugn (h!).a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Mnh vn vng khi trc chnh, tay quay b v+.- .! git b vng, cun.- .in git.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Kim tra trc khi lm vic:+ Kim tra gi +3 gc ph$n thn my;+ Kim tra chc nng lin h;+ Kim tra chc nng lin kt gi"a mtgn np v cng tc kho tng;+ Kim tra vi trong thng c b d!n v) mt gc hay khng?+ Kim tra trng thi c%a thit b chng r in v trng thi tip mt.- Kim tra trong khi lm vic:+ Np khng thc mkhi ngt in ngu!n m khng hm phanh hon ton;+ Lp cng tc i)u khin ngt in khi mnp.16. An ton khi lm vic vi my trng ph%My trng ph%: l loi my c dng ph% mt lp cht si hoc cao su t'ng hp ln b) mt snphm to b)n, bng, m)m, chng bo mn... gp ph$n nng cao cht lng sn phm.a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- Mi trng nguy him do c cht kh gy chy: s c chy n' d xy ra do cht kh toluene dngtrong qu trnh trng ph% l cht gy chy;- S c chy n' d pht sinh do in ma st: s c xy ra do dng in ma st pht sinh khi trcquay kim loi tip xc vi vi, si t'ng hp.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Kim tra trc khi lm vic:+ Kim tra ph$n dy tip mt c ni vi my;+ Cho chy my phun hi m hoc phun nc, hi;+ Xc nh v tr c%a dng c phng chy.- S dng thit b bo v nh o, gi$y bo h trnh in ma st;- Khng s dng dng c lm bng kim loi;- Cho chy thit b thng gi.17. An ton khi s dng my hong (sy) viMy hong: l loi my c hai trc, hai $u c s dng cng vi theo kh' nht nh v sykh vi bng nhit.


11/17

a) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- B k0t trc cng vi:+ Tai nn xy ra do ngi lao ng tip xc vi trc trong khi dn vi b cun, k0t vo trc;+ S c chy, n' do kh thot ra t l t.b) Phng php vn hnh an ton:- Lp t vch ngn hoc tm che ngn tip xc vi ph$n d k0t, !ng thi lp v s dng

cng tc dng khn cp;- Lp t kho tng lin kt vi ph$n np che xch truy)n lc;- Ch khng h, thot ga.III- An ton in1. .c im c%a cc tai nn do in gy raThng thng cc tai nn in thng pht sinh do thn th ngi tip xc trc tip vi in hoc sc chy, n' do in gy ra.- .) phng tai nn in git:+ Lp t thit b che, ph% trnh l b phn np in;+ Cch in tt ) phng h, mt in;+ Phi tip mt ph$n v- c%a cc thit b, dng cin;+ . du hiu bo nguy him vo thit bin;+ Khi lm vic g$n b phn np in hoc g$n dy cao p c$n s dng thit b cch in.- .) phng s c chy, n': s dng dng c, thit b trnh chy n' khi lm vic khu vc c chtl-ng, cht kh d pht ho, d chy.2. Tnh cht nguy him c%a thit b v dng cina) Khi lm vic trong mi trng m t:Trong khi bt hoc ra m! hi, in trc%a cth ngi thng b gim nhi)u so vi khi kh ro,do s cin git rt d xy ra khi s dng thit b, dng cin trong mi trng m t hockhi ra m! hi.b) Cng vic c s dng dng cin di ng:- Khi s dng dng cin di ng c$n dng bc ng hoc ng dn trnh lm tr$y lp v- c%a dyin; c$n sp xp dy gn gng.- C$n ni mt hoc ni v s dng thit b chng mt, r in.c) Lm vic vi dng c c s dng ng cin:C$n ngt ngu!n khi sa ch"a cc dng c c dng ng cin.3. An ton in i vi ngi lao ng

in rt nguy him, do khi thit bin bhngkhngc t sa cha m nht thit phi bo chongi c trch nhim.

a) Thit b chiu sng di ng:- Khi s dng thit b chiu sng di ng, c$n dng thit b mng li bo v bng ngn, trnh ccvt va p lm h-ng n;- C$n dng tay nm cch in ko khi di chuyn thit b.b) C$u ch:C$n s dng cc loi c$u ch ng tiu chun, trnh s dng dy !ng hoc thp thay th; khi thayc$u ch nht thit phi ngt in ngu!n.c) ' cm:Trc khi cm phch phi xem ngu!n in c%a ' cm c thch hp khng v khi khng s dng, c$mtay vo phch v rt.d) Bo qun vt, cht nguy him:


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.) phng s c chy, n' xy ra do tia la in gy ra trong mi trng ga, khng cc cht kh,cht l-ng d chy khu vc c thit bin.e) Cc quy tc an ton in:- Ch c nh"ng ngi c chng ch chuyn mn mi c sa ch"a in;- Khi pht hin h-ng hc c$n bo cho ngi c trch nhim;- Tay t khng c svo thit bin;

- Tt c cc cng tc c$n c np y;- Khng phun hoc ri cht l-ng ln thit bin nh cng tc, m t, hm phn phi in;- Kim tra nh k/ an ton c%a dy dn in;- Khng treo, mc ! vt ln dy dn in, dng cin;- Khng cho dy chy vt qua gc sc hoc my c cnh sc, nhn;- Khng ni nhi)u nhnh vi dy !ng trc.4. My h! quang dng in xoay chi)ua) Cc yu t nguy him khi vn hnh my:- S cin git do tip xc vi ph$n np in tay c$m i)u khin;- S cin git do dy cp tip xc vi thn th;- Tia t ngoi, tia cc tm lm t'n thng mt.b) Cc im lu khi lm vic vi my hn:- Kim tra hot ng c%a thit b hin p tng;- Thit b hin p tng dng hin p khng ti c%a my hn xung di 25 V khi ngtngu!n h! quang;- X l cch in $u thuc ph$n ph c%a my hn;- Tay c$m i)u khin phi c cch in;- C$n tip mt cho v- ngoi c%a my hn.c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi vn hnh c%a my hn:- Khng s dng gng tay, trang phc bo h, giy bt khi hn;- Khi khng s dng my, tt in v sp xp gn dy;- Khi dng my phi ngt in ngu!n;- Khng t que hn vo v tr tay c$m i)u khin c in;- S dng tay c$m i)u khin c ph$n v- cch in cn tt;- S dng cc dng c bo v nh gng tay, mt n hn khi lm vic;- .$u c%a dy mt phi c ni vi thn c%a thanh g;- Trc khi hn xem trong thng, bnh c cha cht gy chy khng;- Chun b thit b cu honi lm vic trc khi hn.IV. An ton ho cht1. Hin tng chy. thc hin phn ng chy phi c ba yu t: cht t, xy v la m!i. Phn ng s# khng cthc hin nu thiu mt trong ba yu t trn.a) Cht t: L loi vt cht bt chy do nhit pht ra khi phn ng vi xy.b) xy (khng kh): Thng thng kh xy dng trong qu trnh chy ly t khng kh.c) La m!i: L nhin liu c$n dng t, thng thng l vt nh la, tia la in, nhit ma st,c xt, va p.2. .im dn la v im pht hoa) .im dn la: Khi hnng cc cht d chy nh xng, c!n trn b) mt cht l-ng ny xut hinhi; lc ny im dn la l vng c nhit thp nht dn la bn vo ph$n hi trn b) mt chtl-ng.b) .im pht ho: L im c nhit thp nht pht ho do nhit c%a bn thn cht d chy khi nc t trong khng kh.3. Cc loi v cht c%a cc cht nguy him


13/17

a) Cht gy n': L cc cht dng l-ng hoc dng c c, d gy ra phn ng mnh hoc n' khi bnng, ma st, va p hoc tip xc vi cc cht ho hc khc... ngay c khi khng c kh xy. Vd: etxte nitrt (eisteinium nitrate), ni tt'ng hp, hp cht h ni t, cht h"u ccha xy...- Cc im c$n lu khi s dng:+ Ch khng g$n la; trnh ma st, va p;+ Thng hiu tnh cht nguy him c%a tng loi v bo qun ring.

b) Cht pht ho: L cc cht t pht ho khi nhit tng, khi tip xc vi nc v pht ra kh dchy; c thdng c c, d chy nh lu hu/nh, cht h lu hu/nh, bt kim loi, magnesium (Mg)hoc dng hp cht t nhin nh: calcium (Ca), natrium hoc cc cht h*n hp nh: xc tc kimloi, h*n hp h"u ckim loi.- Cc im c$n lu khi s dng:+ Bo qun ni lnh, trnh g$n ngu!n nhit hoc la;+ .) phng chy, n' do tip xc vi nc nn bo qun tng lng nh- natri kim loi kaliumtrong d$u;+ Cht xc tc kim loi v h*n hp h"u ckim loi d pht ho khi tip xc vi khng kh, nn khis dng l$n $u c$n tham kho kin c%a ngi c kinh nghim.c) Cc cht gy xy ho: L cc cht b phn hu( hay to phn ng mnh khi t nng, b va p haykhi tip xc vi cc cht ho hc khc. V d nh: axt ki)m, cht h ki)m, cht ty cha hyr, hpcht xy ho v c, axt nitric.- Cc im lu khi s dng:+ . xa ngu!n nhit, la;+ Ch khi trn ln vi cht kh xy hoc cht h"u cgy ra phn ng xy ho v pht nhit.d) Cht dn la: Cc cht l-ng c im pht ho di 65oC trong mi trng khng kh. V d: xng,toluene, d$u t, d$u diesel.- Cc im c$n lu khi s dng:+ ., bo qun cch xa ni pht nhit, la v ni c nhit thp hn im dn ho;+ .y np thng chng chy, ri vi;+ Bo qun ni thng gi v khng c in, ma st.e) Kh d chy: L loi kh n!ng gii hn n' ti thiu di 10% hoc c s chnh lch 20% trlngi"a gii hn ti thiu v ti a. V d: hyro, tilen, mtan, tan, propane, butan;- Cc im c$n lu khi s dng:+ Khng c va chm, t nng bnh cha;+ Phi c h thng thng gi tt khi s dng trong nh;+ Bo qun bnh ga ni rm mt, thng gi.f) Cc cht mang tnh phn hu(: L cc cht d dng lm phn hu( kim loi, khi tip xc vi thn thngi d gy ra b-ng nng. V d: axt cloric, -sulfuric, -nitric, -pht pho, hydrofluoroic.- Cc im c$n lu khi s dng:+ S dng mt n bo v khi tip xc vi axt;+ Ch khng tip xc vi nc.4. Ho hon v cu hoa) Dp la bng cch di chuyn ngu!n lan rng:Di chuyn cc cht d chy i ch* khc ngn chn ngn la lan rng; lm gim n!ng c%a cht l-ngd chy hn ch kh bc hi.b) Dp la bng cch kh xy: Phun kh cc-bon-nic (CO2) ct ngu!n kh xy.c) Dp la bng cch lm lnh: Phun nhi)u nc vo vt ang chy lm h nhit , dp la.5. An ton trong kho cha ho chta) Cc yu t nguy him trong kho cha ho cht:- N!ng cht c cao;- D chy n';


14/17

- Ho cht ri, bn trong khi rt, '.b) Cc bin php an ton:- Ho cht trong kho phi c dn nhn, sp xp hp l, gn gng, d phn bit khi c nhi)u loi;- Trc khi vo kho phi thng gi;- Nu n!ng cht c cao th ngi lao ng phi c trang b phng tin bo v c nhn,mt n phng c;

- Phi c quy trnh cho vic sang hoc rt ho cht;- Ho cht ri vi phi c thm bng ct kh.6. An ton khi m- Chi)u cao b m tnh t sn khng thp hn 1m, nu thp hn phi c ro chn;- Mc dung dch trong b m crm phi thp hn ming b t nht 0,15m;- Khng nhng tay vo b m ly chi tit;- Phi ngt in khi ly chi tit ra kh-i b m;- B phn m c s dng a-xit phi c s2n ct v dung dch soda 2% x l a-xit ri vi;- Thanh dn in, mc treo gi phi c lm sch bng phng php t, khng c lm sch ccb phn bng phng php kh;- C b phn ht kh bc ra t b m;- Sn cng tc phi kh ro.7. An ton khi sn- B phn sn phi c cch ly;- Cng vic sn phi c tin hnh bu!ng ring;- Thng gi cc b v x l bi sn.8. S dng bnh kh nna) Vn chuyn:- Khi vn chuyn, nht thit phi y np bnh;- S dng thit b vn chuyn (xe y) khi di chuyn;- Khng , ko... gy va chm khi di chuyn;- Khi vn chuyn bng xe ti, dng dy buc trnh ', ri.b) Bo qun:- Bo qun bnh kh nn v tr nht nh;- Ni bo qun phi thong, thng gi tt v khng b nng ri trc tip;- Duy tr nhit ni bo qun di 40oC;- Buc cc bnh li vi nhau trnh ri, ', khng bo qun chung cng bnh cha xy;- Bo qun ni c t thit b bo ng hga;- Trong khu vc bo qun ga c nn s dng cc cht hp th, cht trung ho v dng my h hp,mt n phng c ph hp vi loi ga;- B tr thit b ch"a chy thch hp; khng ht thuc v s dng la trong khu vc bo qun.V- An ton xy dng1. Lm vic trn gin gioa) Gin gio: L kt cu c lp v dng ngi lao ng c th tip cn c vi cng vickhi lm vic trn cao.b) Tai nn do gin gio gy ra:- Gin gio b', gy;- B ri, ng t gin gio.c) Cc quy tc v) an ton khi dng gin gio:- Lm vic trn gin gio.+ Leo ln gin bng ng i, bc thang nh s2n;+ Khng t d+lan can, tay vn nhnh;+ Khng t di chuyn tm lt n)n gin gio;


15/17

+ Khng lm vic khi thi tit xu, bo, ma ln;+ S dng li v dy an ton khi lm vic trn cao;+ Khi lm vic !ng thi c trn - di phi phi hp !ng thi gi"a ngi trn v ngi di;+ Khi a dng c, vt liu, cng c ln xung phi dng ti;+ Phi cch in v bo h tt khi lm g$n ng in;+ Khng vt liu ngang li i.

- S dng thang di ng+ S dng bnh xe c gn phanh;+ S dng thit b nng ln gin gio;+ Khng s dng ni khng bng ph,ng;+ Khng dch chuyn thang khi c ngi trn;+ Khng mang ! vt theo ln gin gio;+ Khng t tho d+lan can;+ Khng t ngi vo gin gio khi lm vic.2. Li i tm thi- .i theo ng nh;- Khng chy khi qua li i tm thi tr trng hp khn cp;- Ch i theo ng cnh kh-i ng khi trn ng c t vt k;- Mca ra vo t t trnh va chm vi ngi i ngc chi)u.3. Thang di ng- Lp t $u thang nh ra khong 1m so vi cnh trn c%a tng da;- Khng c lay ng gc v ngn thang;- Khng da thang vo tng d v+;- Khi t thang g$n ca ra vo nn b tr ngi quan st;- Khng s dng thang bng kim loi ni c thit bin;- Khng c lch thn ngi ra kh-i thang.4. Ho- Ch trnh ri, ng xung h khi lm vic g$n ming h;- Khng t tho di lan can, np y;- Nu tho b- lan can do ch th c%a ngi c trch nhim, sau khi hon thnh cng vic phi lpli nh ban $u;- S dng tht lng an ton khi ko vt ln kh-i h;- Khng nm bt c th g xung h.5. S dng tht lng an tona) Cc cng vic c$n s dng tht lng an ton:- Lp t gin gio, ct thp; lp, d+, di chuyn khun;- Lm vic bn ming h, ko vt t h ln;- Ph t trn tri)n dc, lm vic p, vch t.b) Ch khi s dng tht lng an ton:- Kim tra trc khi s dng;- C th dng ngay c khi lm vic cao di 2m;- Tht dy tht lng.6. Lp t v vn chuyn dy thpa) Vn chuyn dy thp:- Khi vn chuyn dy thp di, chia m*i nhm hai ngi vc thp trn vai;- Buc cht hai $u trc khi vn chuyn;- Gii hn m*i ngi, m*i l$n vn chuyn 25kg;- Khi h xung, khng nm m h t t;- Khi lm vic tp th phi thng nht tn hiu lm vic.


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b) Vn chuyn bng my mc:- Khi buc cun thp, lun lun buc 2 vng;- Khi mun thm dy thp vo cun, nn k ln thng, hm trnh tut si;- Khng cho ngi ra vo khu vc khi a thp ln cao;- Khi a thp ln, xung b tr ngi ra hiu v lm theo tn hiu.c) Lp t dy thp:

- Kim tra trnh t trc khi lm;- Kim tra dng c s dng trong ngy trc khi lm vic;- Kim tra an ton c%a li i, ni t;- Khi lm vic cao trn 2m phi s dng tht lng an ton.7. Phun b tnga) Cc quy nh c$n tun th% khi thc hin phun b tng:- Kim tra trng thi ph$n ni c%a ng bm b tng;- Khng ph$n $u ng bm vng qua li;- Khi lp ng ng bm, kim tra xung quanh, tht dy an ton trc khi lm vic;- Thng nht tn hiu gi"a ngi i)u khin my v ngi ng $u ng bm;- S dng tht lng an ton khi rp ng ng.b) Dng xe y phun b tng:- Phn bit r ng dnh ring cho xe y;- Khi phun b tng t xe, gi" tc 'n nh trnh b lt, b';- S dng dy c v- cao su lm dy dn in cho my rung; kim tra cn thn trng thi tip mt;- Khi xong vic, lm sch s# b tng xe, g$u xc, thit b vn chuyn v bo qun ni quy nh.c) Dng xe bm phun b tng:- Ch li xe mi c quy)n i)u khin tay chnh bm;- Rp chc chn hai $u ng cp v ch khng nn ng thot i qua li i hoc g$n ni thi cng;- Khi lm sch khng kh nht thit phi tho ng m)m (ng n h!i);- Ch v hn ch nguy him do k0t ph$n ng cong.8. Di chuyn thit ba) H thng nng: L h thng dng ng cnng v h gi +theo rnh nh hng vn chuynhng.- Cc thit b bo h:+ B phn chng qun qu (dng ckh, dng in);+ B phn kho tng c'ng vo;+ B phn chng qu ti;+ B phn chng ri;+ B phn dng khn cp;+ B phn m trnh va p.* Quy tc an ton lao ng- Kim tra trng thi cht hng, khng vt qu trng lng;- .ng ca chc chn, ci dy ko an ton, cn thn trc khi chy;- .i)u khin sau khi trao 'i tn hiu trn - di;- Khi c trc trc, c$n tt my v bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim.- Ch c ngi c chnh mi c quy)n i)u khin my.b) Ti, cu: L loi my dng ng c ko ln xung v di chuyn phi tri thit b (vt) nng.- Thit b phng h:+ B phn chng qu ti;+ B phn chng qun qu;+ B phn tho dy mc;+ B phn dng khn cp.


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* Quy tc an ton lao ng- Tuyt i khng ngi leo ln cu, ti;- Khng cht hng vt qu trng ti tiu chun;- Ch c mt ngi ra hiu, tn hiu phi r rng, dt khot;- Dy ti chu va p km; khng nn qun qua loa a ln hay h xung;- Khng buc v ko vt ln khi dy ti, trc ti b l-ng, thng;

- Trc khi ra hiu cho ko vt, c$n kim tra xem mc c mc vo gi"a vt cha;- Khng cho ngi qua li trong khu vc lm vic; khng vt pha trn $u ngi ang lm vichoc pha trn li i;- Khi c s c xy ra lp tc dng my v thng bo n cc phng ban lin quan.- Ngoi ngi c chnh ra khng ai c i)u khin my.c) Xe nng:- Khng ai c i)u khin xe ngoi nh"ng ngi c chnh v c bng li;- Khng i ln tay nng c%a xe;- Khi c s c xy ra phi bo ngay cho ngi gim st;- Theo nguyn tc, mt bng lm vic phi c gi" ph,ng;- Tt my khi ri bu!ng li;- Khng tin li g$n khi xe nng ang lm vic.

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