An Overview of Secondary Cities

Marion Micah R. Tinio, M. Sc.

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Lesson Outline

• Growing trends towards urbanization

• Defining the secondary city

• Functional attributes of secondary cities

• Examples of secondary cities in the Philippines

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Today’s Objective

• Illustrate the significance of secondary cities to the urbanization of the Philippines.

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Source: UN (2014) World Urbanization Prospects.

Growing trends towards urbanization

In 2007, global urban population exceeded global rural population.

In 2050, 2/3 of global population will be urban (UN, 2014).4

Urban and rural population of the world, 1950-2050

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76.7% of Philippine population is expected to live in urban areas in

2030!

Source: ADB. (2014). Philippines National Urban Assessment.

23.3%

76.7%

Urban-Rural Ratio of Philippine Population

Growing trends towards urbanization

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Regional distribution of urban population in the Philippines

Basemap: PhilGIS.org

Percent Contribution to National GDP 2015

(at current prices)

Basemap: PhilGIS.org

Population and economy are

concentrated in NCR.

Pause for Thought

Secondary City

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Primary/primate city: largest city that is disproportionately larger than othersSecondary city: subnational concentrations of population and economiesTertiary city: small-scale cities, oriented towards manufacturing

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Defining the Secondary City

• UN-Habitat (1996): an urban area generally having a population between 100,000 and 500,000

• However, city size alone is no longer relevant in the definition of secondary cities.

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Defining the Secondary City

• Cities Alliance (2014): cities with populations 10-50% of country’s largest city and fall into one of three types

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11http://2040.neda.gov.ph/2017/01/25/eastern-visayas-finalizes-2017-2022-regional-devt-plan/

Subnational

urban centers of administration,

manufacturing,

agriculture or

resource

development

12http://blog.frontierstrategygroup.com/2014/08/trace-lights-ii-chinas-19-city-clusters-2020/

Metropolitan clustered secondary cities- spillover growth centers in periphery of

urban regions

13Source: Corporacion Andina de Fomento (2014)

Corridor

secondary

cities– growth poles

along major

transportation

corridors

Defining the Secondary City

• USAID-SURGE Project contextualizes the definition: cities outside of Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Metro Davao that are potential engines of growth

SURGE: Strengthening Urban Resilience for Growth with Equity

Source: USAID/SURGE Project

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Functional attributes of secondary cities

• Center of subnational trade, finance, and consumption

• High levels of investments in industry, technology, and services

• Labor concentrations with deep pool of skills

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Economic

Reference: Roberts (2014). Managing Systems of Secondary Cities

Functional attributes of secondary cities

• Subnational center responsible for the delivery of government services including legal, community, health, security and welfare

• Broad tax bases and can mobilize revenue to finance infrastructure and public services

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Reference: Roberts (2014). Managing Systems of Secondary Cities

Administrative

Functional attributes of secondary cities

• Important subnational or sub-regional hub for logistics involving the movement and transfer of goods, services, people and communications

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Reference: Roberts (2014). Managing Systems of Secondary Cities

Logistics

Functional attributes of secondary cities

• Subnational level of knowledge development, innovation and learning, with major universities or higher-learning institutions

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Reference: Roberts (2014). Managing Systems of Secondary Cities

Knowledge & Learning

Functional attributes of secondary cities

• Center of culture, meeting subnational, sub-regional cultural needs

• Center holding national religion, arts, and other cultural events.

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Reference: Roberts (2014). Managing Systems of Secondary Cities

Cultural & Sports

Pause for Thought

What characteristics qualify the following as secondary cities?

• Puerto Princesa City

• Iloilo City

• Zamboanga City

• Baguio City

• Naga City (Camarines Sur) By Sanglahi86 - Own work based on: PhlMapCit.svg, CC

BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5090

2659

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Cagayan de Oro City: Gateway to Northern Mindanao

http://i1.wp.com/www.cdodev.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/luigi-b.jpg

Mindanao Container Terminal

Envisioned to become the 4th

metropolitan center by 2025 (Phil. Dev’t Plan 2017-2022) https://cagayandeorodev.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/223218_1712601378892_1353894004_31487760_7705196_n.jpg

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Population (2015): 675,950 – 23% of Quezon City population

Hall of Famer for GawadKalasag (2013-2015).

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http://legazpi.gov.ph/legazpi-to-receive-2-hall-of-fame-awards-from-gawad-kalasag/

Legazpi City: Model of Disaster Risk Reduction

http://legazpi.gov.ph/ http://legazpi.gov.ph/

Center for tourismPopulation (2015): 196,639 – 7% of Quezon City population

Summary

• Today’s Objective: Illustrate the significance of secondary cities to the urbanization of the Philippines.

• Conclusion: Secondary cities have functional attributes relevant to urbanization in the Philippines.– Economic

– Administrative

– Logistics

– Knowledge & Learning

– Cultural & Sports

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Looking Forward

• Take-home:

– Identify a secondary city in the Philippines and describe it in 150-200 words. Include:

• Challenges in the secondary city

• Best practices in the secondary city

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Resources for Studying Cities

• Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI)

• Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022

• Roberts. 2014. Managing Systems of Secondary Cities

• USAID-SURGE Project twitter -@USAID_SURGE

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