an overview of lake herring (coregonus artedii) propagation and production techniques at the uwsp...
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An Overview of Lake Herring (An Overview of Lake Herring (Coregonus artediiCoregonus artedii) ) propagation and production techniques at the propagation and production techniques at the UWSP Northern Aquaculture Demonstration UWSP Northern Aquaculture Demonstration
Facility and Red Cliff Tribal Fish HatcheryFacility and Red Cliff Tribal Fish Hatchery
Gregory Fischer, Chris Hartleb, Matt Symbal, Kendall HolmesGregory Fischer, Chris Hartleb, Matt Symbal, Kendall Holmes
HistoryHistory
Lake herring (Lake herring (Coregonus artediiCoregonus artedii) has historically been a valued species for ) has historically been a valued species for commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes. commercial fisheries in the Great Lakes. Lake herring are an important forage fish for lake trout and other pelagic Lake herring are an important forage fish for lake trout and other pelagic piscivores in Lake Superior. piscivores in Lake Superior.
The Great Lakes Fishery Commission has established that lake herring is a The Great Lakes Fishery Commission has established that lake herring is a “species of interest” to state and federal agencies and that rehabilitation of the “species of interest” to state and federal agencies and that rehabilitation of the historical lake herring populations through augmentation programs in Lake historical lake herring populations through augmentation programs in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie are needed. Ontario and Lake Erie are needed.
The UWSP-Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility and the Red Cliff The UWSP-Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility and the Red Cliff Tribal Fish Hatchery conducted a joint project to evaluate and demonstrate Tribal Fish Hatchery conducted a joint project to evaluate and demonstrate different culture parameters to maximize lake herring production on a different culture parameters to maximize lake herring production on a commercial scale.commercial scale.
The project consisted of six different areas including:The project consisted of six different areas including:
1)1) Egg collection and disinfectionEgg collection and disinfection
2)2) Egg incubation at various flows, temperature and water conditionsEgg incubation at various flows, temperature and water conditions
3)3) Fry production at various temperatures and with several different fry Fry production at various temperatures and with several different fry dietsdiets
4)4) Fingerling and grow out productionFingerling and grow out production
5)5) Economic analysisEconomic analysis
6)6) Outreach/extension Outreach/extension Experiments were conducted inside the Experiments were conducted inside the
main Aquatic Barn at NADF and at the main Aquatic Barn at NADF and at the
Red Cliff Tribal Fish Hatchery Red Cliff Tribal Fish Hatchery
ObjectivesObjectives
We eWe enlisted the help of the nlisted the help of the “Eleanor B” commercial fishing “Eleanor B” commercial fishing vessel and Captain Craig Hoopman, vessel and Captain Craig Hoopman, Bayfield, WI for fish collection.Bayfield, WI for fish collection.
Bottom Set Gill nets(2 ¾”mesh) set Bottom Set Gill nets(2 ¾”mesh) set in depths of 120-150 ft. were utilized in depths of 120-150 ft. were utilized for one night sets to capture adult for one night sets to capture adult spawning Lake Herring in Lake spawning Lake Herring in Lake Superior.Superior.
Water temperature was 6.7Water temperature was 6.7º Cº C
Approx. 2.5 million eggs were Approx. 2.5 million eggs were collected December 7 and 12, 2007 collected December 7 and 12, 2007 by hand spawning ripe females and by hand spawning ripe females and males directly on the boat (wet and males directly on the boat (wet and dry methods).dry methods).
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Eggs were transferred to Bell jar and Eggs were transferred to Bell jar and Heath Tray Incubation Systems at Heath Tray Incubation Systems at NADF and RCTFH.NADF and RCTFH.
Initial average water flow per jar was Initial average water flow per jar was 2.5 L/min.2.5 L/min.
Increased average water flow near Increased average water flow near hatching to 4.6 L/min.hatching to 4.6 L/min.
Bell jar head-tank Averages:Bell jar head-tank Averages: Water Temperature 7.7Water Temperature 7.7ººCC Oxygen 11.0 ppmOxygen 11.0 ppm pH 7.8pH 7.8 TDGP 100%TDGP 100%
Eggs were treated daily with formalin Eggs were treated daily with formalin drip at 1,600 ppm/15min utilizing a drip at 1,600 ppm/15min utilizing a chicken waterer setup.chicken waterer setup.
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Three Egg Treatments in Bell jars:Three Egg Treatments in Bell jars:
((500 ml eggs per jar- six jars each 500 ml eggs per jar- six jars each treatmenttreatment ) )
1) Control- No Iodine Treatment1) Control- No Iodine Treatment
2) 2) Pre-water hardening iodine treatment Pre-water hardening iodine treatment (Pre-WHIT) of 100 ml iodine/55 minutes (Pre-WHIT) of 100 ml iodine/55 minutes averageaverage
3) Post-water hardening iodine 3) Post-water hardening iodine treatment (Post-WHIT) of 100 ml treatment (Post-WHIT) of 100 ml Iodine/10 minutesIodine/10 minutes
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Larval feeding trials were conducted Larval feeding trials were conducted evaluating three different feeds in evaluating three different feeds in three 1.4 m³ (1,500 L) flow-throughthree 1.4 m³ (1,500 L) flow-through fiberglass tanks with inserts and six iberglass tanks with inserts and six experimental compartments.experimental compartments.
200 larval herring were counted by 200 larval herring were counted by hand and placed into each hand and placed into each compartment at the beginning of the compartment at the beginning of the study.study.
Feeding was done by hand every hour Feeding was done by hand every hour with a shaker feeder.with a shaker feeder.
Tanks were carefully cleaned daily by Tanks were carefully cleaned daily by siphoning and scraping .siphoning and scraping .
Water quality data was collected daily.Water quality data was collected daily. Feed training study was finished in 48 Feed training study was finished in 48
days and fry were collected from each days and fry were collected from each compartment and sampled for length, compartment and sampled for length, weight and survival.weight and survival.
Production Rearing InformationProduction Rearing Information
Feed trained fingerling herring were transferred to four 1.4 m³ Feed trained fingerling herring were transferred to four 1.4 m³ (1,500 L) flow-through fiberglass tanks and fed commercial trout (1,500 L) flow-through fiberglass tanks and fed commercial trout diet daily at approximately 5% BW for 334 days.diet daily at approximately 5% BW for 334 days.
Water temperature was maintained Water temperature was maintained at 7.6 °C at a flow of 20 at 7.6 °C at a flow of 20 L/min.L/min.
Fish were sampled monthly for Fish were sampled monthly for length and weight.length and weight.
Tanks were monitored daily for Tanks were monitored daily for water quality and mortality.water quality and mortality.
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods
Average Egg % Survival by Treatment In Bell Jars
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Treatment
%
Control:
Post WHIT
Pre WHIT
RESULTSRESULTS
Experimental Feed Tanks Average Water Quality ParametersExperimental Feed Tanks Average Water Quality Parameters
TreatmentTreatmentTemperatureTemperature
ºCºCOO22
(ppm)(ppm)OO22 saturation saturation
(%)(%)
Total Dissolved Total Dissolved GasesGases
(%)(%) pHpH
Proton 11.0 10.0 91 102 8.0
Artemac 10.5 9.8 89 100 7.8
Nelson S.C. 10.4 9.7 88 98 7.7
Average Total Length of Fry in Experimental Compartment per Treatment at 48 days
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
Feed Type
aver
age
len
gth
(m
m)
PROTON
ARTEMAC
S.C. MOIST
Average Number of Fry in Experimental Compartment per Treatment at 48 days
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
Feed Type
# F
ry
PROTON
ARTEMAC
S.C. MOIST
Average Survival Percentage of Fry in Experimental Compartment per Treatment at 48 days
48.0
49.0
50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
Feed Type
% S
urv
ival PROTON
ARTEMAC
S.C. MOIST
Average Total Weight of Fry in Experimental Compartment per Treatment at 48 days
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Feed Type
Ave
rag
e W
eig
ht
(g)
PROTON
ARTEMAC
S.C. MOIST
A verag e L en g th at A g e fo r L ake H errin g In F lo w T h ru T an ks at 7.6 C
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
88 119 124 153 179 209 237 263 300 313 334
Da ys
Len
gth
(m
m)
Avg. 0.25mm/dayAvg. 0.25mm/day
A verag e Weig h t at A g e F o r L ake H errin g In F lo w T h ru T an ks at 7.6 C
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
88 119 124 153 179 209 237 263 300 313 334
Da ys
gra
ms
Avg. 0.025g/dayAvg. 0.025g/day
ConclusionConclusion
Our study demonstrated:1. That lake herring eggs can be treated successfully with iodine
treatments of 100ppm/10 minutes after water hardening.2. That lake herring can be raised successfully from eggs on available
larvae diets. 3. That lake herring can potentially be raised on a larger commercial scale
with available equipment and feed.4. Additional research is needed to further investigate rearing systems and
feed compatibility for commercial lake herring production
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
We would like to thank John Ringle and Steve Mortensen at the Leech Lake Tribal Fish Hatchery for their help throughout this project. Thanks to Captain Craig Hoopman and his crew for allowing us to come out on the boat and collect gamettes. We would also like to acknowledge the efforts of technicians Dan Duffy (NADF), Brian Bainbridge (RCFH), Fran Cadotte (RCFH) and UWSP summer interns Jessica Kavenaugh and Mike Defoe for fish rearing and data collection.
This project was supported by a Agricultural Development & Diversification grant through grant through the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection.
Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.
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