an introduction to engineering analysis. each team will design a tower made of balsa sticks each...
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![Page 1: An Introduction to engineering analysis. Each team will design a tower made of balsa sticks Each team will do a structural analysis of their tower](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697bff21a28abf838cbc0bb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WHY STRUCTURES
FAIL
An Introduction to engineering analysis
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BUILDING A TOWER
Each team will design a tower made of balsa sticks
Each team will do a structural analysis of their tower to predict where it will fail
Each tower will under go ‘destructive testing’
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THE LANGUAGE OF ENGINEERS
Mass
Velocity
Force Pressure
Stress
Deformation System
Failure
Acceleration
Position
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MASS
A measure of how much matter an object is made of
Does not change with environment
Metric Unit:?
English Unit:Pounds (lb or lbm)
Grams (g)
90 kg200 lbm
90 kg200 lbm
Weight: (in pounds force)200 lbf
Weight:33 lbf
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POSITION
Position fully defines an object’s location in space
Metric Unit:Meters (m)
English Unit:Feet (ft)
Z
X
Y
(X, Y, Z) = (.2 m, .5 m, .6 m)
(X, Y, Z) = (.5 m, .1 m, .2 m)
(X, Y, Z) = (1 m, .3 m, .4 m)
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VELOCITY
Velocity describes the rate of change of an object’s position
Metric Unit:Meters per second (m/s)
English Unit:Feet per second (ft/s)10 m/s
30 m/s
Can also be expressed as a ‘vector’(x,y) = (3 m/s, 4 m/s)
4 m/s
3 m/s
Includes both a magnitude and direction
30 m/s
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Acceleration describes the rate of change of an object’s velocity
ACCELERATION
Metric Unit:m/s/s (m/s2)
English Unit:ft/s2
V = 10 m/sa = 0 m/s2
0m 10m
20m
30m
40m
50m
1 sec
0 sec
2 sec
3 sec
4 sec
5 sec
V = 10 m/sa = 2 m/s2
1 sec
2 sec
3 sec
0 sec
V = ?16 m/s
V = 10 m/s
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FORCE Any influence that causes an object to
change speed, direction, or shape
Force = mass * accelerationF = m*a
Metric Unit:Newton (N)
English Unit:Pounds Force (lbf)
m = 90 kga = 9.81 m/s2
m*a = 883 N
100 kg
F = 500 N
a = 5 m/s2
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PRESSURE When a force is exerted over a defined
area
Pressure = Force / AreaP = F / A
Metric Unit:Pascals (Pa)
English Unit:Pounds per square inch (PSI)
24 inches
24 inches
Force = 500 lbf
Area = 24 in x 24 in = 576 in2
P = 500 lbs / 576 in2 = .87 PSI
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STRESS A measure of the internal forces acting
on a deformable structureMetric Unit:Pascals (Pa)
English Unit:Pounds per square inch (PSI)
20 m
20 m
20 m * 20 m = 400 m2
F = 883 N
Stress = P = 883 N / 400 m2 = 2.2 Pascals
F = 5000 kg * 9.81 m/s2 = 49050 N
Stress = P = 49050 N / 400 m2 = 122 Pascals
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STRESS Types of stresses
Compression
Tension
Shear
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DEFORMATION
Occurs when the stress in an object exceeds the yield strength of the material
Material:Purple Block
Yield Strength:1000 kPa
Deformation!
500 kPa
1200 kPa
Stressed
kPa = kilo-pascalOr 1000 pascals
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SYSTEM FAILURE
Occurs when the stress in an object exceeds its ultimate strength (Compressive or Tensile)
Stressed
Deformation
System Failure!
Material:Purple Block
Yield Strength:1000 PSI
Ultimate Strength:2000 PSI
500 PSI
1200 PSI
2500 PSI
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TOWER FAILURE
Next Week: Where will your tower fail?
Boom!