an introduction to computers presentation
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
1/44
ComputerComputer
FamiliarizationFamiliarization
ZULFIQAR MIRANI
Sr. Electronics Engineer
Civil Aviation AuthorityCivil Aviation Authority--PakistanPakistan
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
2/44
Z. MIRANI
Computer
is a machine that can solve problems by
accepting data, performing certain
operations and presenting results of those
operations
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
3/44
Z. MIRANI
Types of Computer
AnalogueDigital
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
4/44
Z. MIRANI
Analogue Computer
Recognize data as a continuous
measurement of a physical property
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
5/44
Z. MIRANI
Digital Computer
Recognize data by counting discrete signals
representing either a high (ON) or low
(OFF) voltage state of electricity.
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
6/44
Z. MIRANI
Digital Computer can
Perform mathematical calculations
compare values and
store results
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
7/44
Z. MIRANI
In Digital Computers
Data is represented in Binary form
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
8/44
Z. MIRANI
Computers are used in
Business & Industry
Science & Technology
Education
Government
Recreation & Entertainment
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
9/44
Z. MIRANI
In Civil Aviation
Computers are used in
Radar Data processing & representation
Flight plan data processing & management
Air Traffic Message Switching
Flight Information Display
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
10/44
Z. MIRANI
Computer System
Hardware
Computer
Primary storage
Secondary storage
Input devices
Output devices
Software
User
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
11/44
Z. MIRANI
Classification
Large computer are grouped as
Super Computers
Mainframe Computers
Mini Computers
Whereas
Microcomputers
are the smallest computer
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
12/44
Z. MIRANI
How Computers are used?
Data Processing
Control
Design & Development
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
13/44
Z. MIRANI
Functions
Computer can perform
Arithmetic functions on numeric data
Compare values
Store & retrieve data
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
14/44
Z. MIRANI
Data Processing
converting the Data (raw facts) into
Information (an organized, usable form) is
called data processing
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
15/44
Z. MIRANI
Flow of data
Input
Processing
Output
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
16/44
Z. MIRANI
Input involves
Collecting
verification and
encoding data into a machine readable form
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
17/44
Z. MIRANI
Processing involves
Classifying
sorting
calculating
summarizing and
storing the results
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
18/44
Z. MIRANI
Output involves
Retrieving the data
converting data into human readable form
and
displaying the information to the user
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
19/44
Z. MIRANI
Computers can not
Decide how to be programmed
provide its own input
interpret data
implement decisions
Think
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
20/44
Z. MIRANI
Basic Elements of a Computer
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
21/44
Z. MIRANI
Basic Elements of a Computer
Input
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
Control Unit
Primary Memory
Output
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
22/44
Z. MIRANI
Microcomputer Elements:
Input/output
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
23/44
Z. MIRANI
Central Processing Unit
Comprises:
ALU
CU
Primary Storage
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
24/44
Z. MIRANI
Microprocessor
Arithmetic & Logic Unit and
Control Unit
on a single chip (Integrated Circuit) is
called a Microprocessor.
It may also contain primary storage
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
25/44
Z. MIRANI
Memory
Primary
Secondary
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
26/44
Z. MIRANI
Primary Storage
provides temporary storage of data during
program execution.
Example:
Semiconductor Memory
RAM
ROM
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
27/44
Z. MIRANI
RAM
Random Access Memory allows the user to
enter data into memory (write)
retrieve the stored data (read)
RAM is also called Read & Write Memory
When power is shut off everything that was
stored in RAM is lost
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
28/44
Z. MIRANI
ROM
Is a Read Only Memory, data cannot be
written into it
Contents of ROM are permanent and do not
lost when power is shut off
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
29/44
Z. MIRANI
Volatile MemoryIs called when Data is lost with powershut off
Example
RAM
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
30/44
Z. MIRANI
Non Volatile MemoryPower shut off has no impact on data.
Example:
ROM
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
31/44
Z. MIRANI
BitIs smallest unit of data that a computer
recognizes
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
32/44
Z. MIRANI
ByteIs a group ofEight bits
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
33/44
Z. MIRANI
InputIs the process of entering and translating
data into a machine readable form
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
34/44
Z. MIRANI
Input devicesKeyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Track ball
Light pen
Digitizer
Touch screen
Magnetic strips
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
35/44
Z. MIRANI
OutputIs the process of
translating data into a form understandable
to a humans or
storing data or information in secondary
storage device readable by other machines
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
36/44
Z. MIRANI
Output devicesPrinter
Plotter
Monitor
Voice synthesizer
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
37/44
Z. MIRANI
PrinterImpact Printers
Dot Matrix
Daisy wheel
Non Impact Printers
Inkjet
Thermal transfer
Laser
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
38/44
Z. MIRANI
PlotterProduces images on paper
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
39/44
Z. MIRANI
Secondary MemoryIs a non-volatile memory used for
storage of large amounts of data for
permanent or long term storage
storing backup or copies of data
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
40/44
Z. MIRANI
Secondary Storage devicesMagnetic tapes
Magnetic disks
Optical media
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
41/44
Z. MIRANI
Magnetic Tapes formsReel to reel
Cassette
Cartridge
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
42/44
Z. MIRANI
Magnetic Disk formsFloppy Diskette
Hard Disk
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
43/44
Z. MIRANI
Optical Technology formsCompact Disk
-
8/14/2019 An Introduction to Computers Presentation
44/44
Z. MIRANI
Thank YouThank You