an intro to the brain
TRANSCRIPT
An Intro to the Brain:Sensory Processes
Maggie Zellner, Ph.D., L.P.
The National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis (NPAP)
The Neuropsychoanalysis Associationwww.npsa-association.org
Gross anatomyLateral view (from the side)
Gross anatomyMedial view (from the middle)
Gross anatomyBasal view (from below)
Gross anatomyFrom the side
What we can see: cortex
sulci/gyri fissures
cerebellum cranial nerves lower brain stem top of spinal
cord
Anterior
Inferior
Posterior
Superior
.
Orientation words
Rostral
Ventral
Caudal
Dorsal
.
emotion
perceptionaction
motivation
activation of emotion
generation of emotion
adapted fromBerton and Nestler 2006 Nat Rev Neurosci
PAG
PARIETALthe body and objects in
space - WHERE things are
TEMPORALrecognition of objects and people
- WHO things are
FRONTALplanning
- WHAT and HOW to do
VMPFC, ANTERIOR TEMPORALmemory, emotion, reward - meaning, or, WHY to do ornot to do
Marcel Mesulam, 2000Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology
Vision
Vision
Primary sensory cortexPrimary motor cortex
Somatosensation
Shepherd 2006 Nature
Smell and taste
http://www.technologyreview.com/player/08/08/06Singer/1.aspx
Connectivity
Hagmann et al 2008 PLOS Biology
Connectivity
Structural
Yeo et al 2011 J Neurophysiol
Visual
Dorsal attention
Default
Fronto
parie
tal
Som
atom
otor
Salience
Limbic
Default
Default
Default
Limbic
Somatomotor
Visual
FrontoparietalSalience
Dorsal attention
“resting state” networksareas presumed to be connected
continuously activedynamically interactive
correspond to functional studies
Craig 2003 Trends Neurosci
In humans, this pathway underlies the distinct, affective bodily feelings that we can perceive, such as cool, warm, itch, first (pricking) pain, second (burning) pain, muscle burn, joint ache, visceral fullness, flush, illness, nausea, cramps, hunger, thirst, and the special visceral sensation taste. I have suggested that the affective bodily feelings represented by this pathway constitute the sensory aspects of homeostatic emotions, because they are all accompanied by motivations (represented in anterior cingulate cortex) that clearly subserve the maintenance and well being of the body.
Craig 2010 Brain Struct Funct
Pathways for pain
e pain signal interrupts ongoing behaviour; promotes quick responses aimed at terminating, reducing or escaping the source of threat; and serves as a punishment-based reinforcer to teach organisms to avoid threatening stimuli in the future.
Eisenberger 2012 Nat Rev Neurosci
Eisenberger 2012 Nat Rev Neurosci
Sensory and affective components of pain
Craig 2002
• cooling• pain• exercise• itch• anger• perceiving
disgust or trustworthiness
The insula and embodied experience
Keysers et al 2010 Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Fronto-parietal involvement in generating imagery
Ishai 2010 Archives Italiennes de Biologie