an interconnection of a photovoltaic generator (pvg) with the power utilites grid: study cases dr....
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AN INTERCONNECTION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR (PVG)
With THE POWER UTILITES GRID :Study Cases
Dr. Maamar Taleb Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
University of Bahrain
Energy Economy & Energy Management Forum (EEEMF2015) for MENA & Fourth Renewable Energy National Dialogue -
Amman – JordanMay 18-20, 2015
Agenda
• Motivation and Rationale• Conventional Way of Interconnection• Proposed Idea of Interconnection• PV Panels Characteristics• Control Strategy• Experimental Setup• Performance• Conclusions
MOTIVATION AND RATIONALEGlobal Primary Energy Demand
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Biomass Other renewables
20052050
Fuente: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2008BLUE Map scenary: reducción global emisiones de CO2 en un 50% en 2050/2005
Prim
ary
ener
gysu
pply
(Mto
e)
Prim
ary
ener
gysu
pply
(Mto
e)
X6
Prim
ary
ener
gysu
pply
(Mto
e)
X3
X6
X3
• US … 20% Wind by 2030 (1 % now)• EU … 20% Renewable Energy by 2020• China … 30 GW Wind by 2020• India … 12 GW Wind by 2012
Europe´s commitment in the promotion of renewables: Directive 20/20
Conventional Way of Interconnectioncontinued
Initiative of Interconnection
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
-200
0
200
Vs
and
Vlo
ad
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.040
0.5
1
Pul
ses
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.040
0.2
0.4
Iload
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
-200
0
200
Vs
and
Vlo
ad
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.040
0.5
1
Pul
ses
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.040
5
10
15
Iload
)cos(1 KVLoad
030 090
Proposed Way of Interconnection
_
+
PVG
Sm
oo
thin
g
Co
il
AC Main SupplyBridge Rectifier
AC
load
Rectifier
Firing angle Controller
DC
Vo
ltage S
ou
rce
Firing Pulses (900 ££1800)
PV PanelsPhoto
PV PanelsCircuit and Mathematical Model
gg
gg
CVBVA
VVocI
2
)(
gg
ggggg
CVBVA
VVocVIVP
2
)(
PV MODEL PARAMETERS DETERMINATION
RL1= 23.8
RL2=13.5
RL3=4.3
PV MODELParameters Determination
121
11
)(
mm
mm
CVBVA
VVocI
222
22
)(
mm
mm
CVBVA
VVocI
323
33
)(
mm
mm
CVBVA
VVocI
424
44
)(
mm
mm
CVBVA
VVocI
PV Panels Characteristics
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
Vg (Volt)
Ig (
A)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
50
100
Vg (Volt)
Pg
(W)
(a)
11:00 am
1:00 pm
9:00 am
3:00 pm
11:00 am
3:00 pm1:00 pm
9:00 am
Firing Angle ControllerBlock Diagram
Firing Pulses
Maximum Power Tracker
Pulses Generator
Desired Firing Angle
900 1800
Insolation Level
DC Side PowerPCC Voltage
Corresponding Maximum PVG
Power+
-
Measured PVG Power
Out = k if error > Out= 0 if - Error Out = - k if error < -
errorout
Output Conditionner Integrator & Limiter
Gain_____
S
Firing angle
1800
900
(a)
(b)
(c)
Synchronized Sawtooth Generator
Converter Of angle to Voltage Level
Fir in
g an
gle
AC M
ain
Volta
ge
Comparator
Firing Pulses
IInsolation
LevelPg,max
PPVG
Experimental Setup
Performance(before Interconnection of PV Panels)
Performance(after Interconnection of PV Panels)
Limitations & Drawbacks(Of Current Experimental Setup)
• Equipment Ratings
• Low Power Factor
• Harmonics Generation
Harmonics Generation Solution
AC Main Supply
(i.e Power Grid)
Controlled Bridge Converter
Ps P W-
+
PW
Ph
Wind Driven DC Machine
Active Power Filter
is
ih
iw
Controlled Bridge Converter
Ppvg-
+
Ppvg
PhotoVoltaic Generator (i.e Solar
Pannels)
ipvg
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7
-2000
200
Vs (V
)
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7-20
0
20Is
(A)
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7-2
0
2
Iline
1 (A
)
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7-10
010
Iline
2 (A
)
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7-10
010
Iline
(A)
0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7-10
010
Ih &
Ihre
f (A)
time (s)
0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96
-2000
200
Vs (V
)
0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96-20
0
20
Is (A
)
0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96-2
0
2
Iline
1 (A
)0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96
-100
10
Iline
2 (A
)
0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96-10
010
Iline
(A)
0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96-10
010
Ih &
Ihre
f (A)
time (s)
1.16 1.18 1.2
-2000
200
Vs (V
)
1.16 1.18 1.2-20
0
20
Is (A
)
1.16 1.18 1.2-2
0
2
Iline
1 (A
)
1.16 1.18 1.2-10
010
Iline
2 (A
)
1.16 1.18 1.2-10
010
Iline
(A)
1.16 1.18 1.2-10
010
Ih &
Ihre
f (A)
time (s)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(a)
Harmonics Generation SolutionContinued
Conclusions
• Interconnecting PVG source to a main AC supply was investigated.
- The interconnection was done using a bridge rectifier. The bridge rectifier was operated in an “inverter mode of operation”.
• Quite encouraging results were reached when taken under a
random insolation level. For an almost 130 W power required by an ac load connected at the ac side of the bridge, the PVG source contributed nearly 69.23 % of such power while the main ac supply supplied the rest 33.77 % of power to the AC load.
