An Inimitable Cryptographic Creation: Siri Bhoovalaya

byAnil Kumar Jain, SMIEEE, FIETE,

FIE(I),SMCSI, LMISCAemail: ak.jain@ieee.org

web-site: www.siri-bhoovalaya.org

Agenda of this Presentation

• Siri Bhoovalaya – historic perspective

• Basic Elements of Siri Bhoovalaya

• Multilingual Phonetic Alphabet Encoding Scheme

• Deciphering Schemes or Bandhas

• Steganography (Chitra Bandha) example

• Conclusion

Siri Bhoovalaya : A Historic Perspective

• Created by Muni Kumudendu about a thousand year ago in Karnataka.

• Muni Kumudendu was a Jain saint in lineage of DeshiGana / Nandi Sangh.

• About thousand years after its creation it was rediscovered about sixty years ago by Pandit YellappaShashtri through his determined and untiring efforts from the only available copy of the manuscript.

• Its contents are primarily in Kannada, but in addition the languages in which the Chakras manifest poetry and verses include Prakrita, Samskrit, Telugu, Tamil, Apabhramsha and Pali etc. totaling 718 of dialects.

Basic Elements of Siri Bhoovalaya

• Chakra : One Chakra is arrangement of numbers (in range 1 to 64) in a matrix of 27 rows and 27 columns. There are only 1270 Chakras available and are classified into 56 Chapters.

• Bandha : A Bandha is manner in which contents from a Chakra is revealed. Bandha basically describes the method to traverse the 27x27 matrix and substitute respective numbers into letters to uncover the Shlokas or verses hidden therein the Chakra. There are many Bandhas which are identified as Chakra-Bandha, Navmaank-Bandh, Shreni-Bandha, Hans-Bandha, Anu-Bandha, Mayur-Bandha, Saras-Bandha, Padma-Bandha etc. etc.

• Kumudendu Code Table: This table is used for substituting Numerals in all the Chakras into corresponding Phonetic Aplhabet Characters . Some of the characters don’t find usage in contemporary scenario and some find usage in specific languages as well.

Multilingual Phonetic Alphabet Encoding Scheme

Kumudendu Code Table(for implementation of Mono-alphabetic Substitution Cipher)

Multilingual Phonetic Alphabet Classificationin

Kumudendu Code Table

Chakra-Bandha(Implementation of one of the Transposition Ciphers)

First Chakra in Siri Bhoovalaya 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

1 59 23 1 16 1 28 28 1 1 56 59 4 56 1 1 47 16 34 1 7 16 1 1 7 56 1 60

2 53 54 47 28 1 47 45 28 7 4 59 41 4 45 1 30 47 47 45 42 53 28 51 1 52 1 1

3 1 22 1 30 2 1 2 55 30 1 7 45 47 52 1 4 1 47 1 1 1 1 53 1 52 59 52

4 59 30 2 55 55 13 16 2 53 60 1 4 16 47 48 45 16 56 56 43 45 1 56 1 4 1 13

5 47 45 1 1 22 30 51 1 2 56 38 30 4 1 1 56 1 1 16 1 57 7 56 56 1 22 1

6 54 52 52 45 1 7 55 48 1 58 52 35 28 55 1 38 45 30 55 4 47 7 45 38 45 38 1

7 1 1 1 28 13 56 55 51 54 1 1 1 1 42 2 4 4 1 43 16 47 7 1 13 4 51 4

8 28 53 47 22 8 1 53 59 38 7 43 40 1 52 59 54 30 1 45 16 1 28 23 50 7 43 43

9 1 2 45 51 30 1 52 58 48 59 47 54 4 4 1 47 45 47 56 28 1 45 1 13 7 7 7

10 55 1 53 47 56 1 1 7 1 1 2 60 48 56 1 1 16 1 1 54 1 52 17 30 54 45 45

11 59 56 52 1 45 1 55 28 52 28 1 2 1 52 54 4 43 60 48 28 1 16 23 8 53 7 1

12 2 1 53 52 43 23 2 4 16 52 44 54 1 2 42 7 1 7 47 30 28 48 47 1 54 52 16

13 45 54 23 4 28 45 45 30 1 59 1 56 28 2 54 53 38 2 2 1 28 55 40 60 4 50 28

14 2 13 47 1 1 4 17 45 1 56 1 52 56 51 1 47 55 55 45 7 2 54 1 56 7 1 1

15 23 4 53 54 59 48 13 56 1 47 23 1 2 55 16 1 1 47 40 54 16 52 1 47 60 43 60

16 45 16 43 1 7 47 1 7 1 4 54 54 1 43 28 28 7 1 2 7 52 30 1 4 47 4 13

17 42 1 54 13 1 28 1 45 42 5 48 56 1 1 1 52 54 7 1 1 2 56 56 2 43 1 1

18 56 43 22 45 56 43 2 2 56 1 8 48 59 59 7 16 53 55 53 48 1 1 46 2 30 53 1

19 47 45 1 2 54 56 56 2 55 51 4 16 7 13 30 16 1 1 4 52 52 4 54 47 2 38 1

20 1 54 60 56 54 1 60 1 1 16 40 38 17 1 47 56 33 55 1 1 59 48 1 53 7 1 1

21 1 52 16 1 60 1 30 53 30 7 47 13 13 22 8 13 45 59 54 1 2 42 54 47 53 52 53

22 16 30 1 4 52 47 56 1 28 16 1 22 59 51 1 1 7 28 53 60 7 1 16 16 1 1 58

23 4 53 56 1 52 2 13 52 38 30 45 7 1 30 56 16 1 1 1 30 48 56 54 54 55 28 45

24 1 47 47 1 28 22 1 47 1 1 45 46 1 1 47 53 55 52 1 1 7 43 2 1 1 1 43

25 1 4 53 1 45 43 16 55 52 4 47 55 45 22 51 56 1 38 13 30 2 28 56 13 56 28 55

26 4 16 46 1 1 16 1 1 1 1 1 47 59 4 8 38 58 1 1 48 1 7 22 1 1 1 60

27 52 4 30 56 53 52 54 1 30 52 1 16 54 7 58 1 30 54 1 56 51 53 56 57 56 4 60

Chakra Bandha Example with 5x5 matrix

1 2 3 4 5

1 4 53 28 45 4

2 1 45 47 59 54

3 7 16 1 56 55

4 28 43 8 1 52

5 10 51 1 7 7

1 2 3 4 5

1 17 24 1 8 15

2 23 5 7 14 16

3 4 6 13 20 22

4 10 12 19 21 3

5 11 18 25 2 9

Example Chakra (5x5) Example Chakra-Bandha (5x5)

28 7 52 7 45 16 47 45 7 28 10 43 1 59 4 54 4 51 8 56 1 55 1 53 1

Result of Applying Bandha

Applying Substitution using Kumudendu Code Table

(Mono-alphabetic Substitution Cipher)

Result after applying Chakra-Bandh (Transpose Cipher) – from previous slide :

Output from Chakra Bandha Applied to first Chakra of Siri Bhoovalaya

Resultant text after conjoining phonetic alphabets :

Steganography (Chitra Bandha) example

In Steganography the intended message is hidden either to conceal its existence or render it unintelligible to outsiders. In following example a graphical figure is used as key to extract the hidden message.

Superimposing the figure on Chakra at defined position to reveal content in those

particular cells in manner as shown

Result of Chitra-Bandha

Create string of numbers from the Superimposed Chakra’s cells in the same order as marked on the Chitra-Bandha. Then apply Mono-alphabetic Substitution Cipher as shown in the table below:

Conclusion

Siri Bhoovalaya is still a largely un-explored terrain & a creative Multidisciplinary Approach is required to open up new pages of knowledge. The measures includes: 1. Computerization for Deciphering known Number Patterns (Bandhas) hidden in

Chakras (Algorithmic and Non Algorithmic)2. Computerization for Discovery of new and yet unexplored Bandhas.3. Specialist Linguists to apprehend content in respective languages4. Domain Knowledge Experts to interpret the text.

A Great Question which still remains to be answered :

How could Muni Kumudendu accomplished it about a thousand year ago ??