AS or A MKW OF SIAMODIZSO TOTS

AS A' MSASS OF FTOXCTTO SUCCESS SI A C0U3G3

OF BUSINESS AIMISISTMTX®

A Thesis

FreseuM to

the Faculty of the Depar teient of Psychology

University of Houston

Tn Partial Fulflllront

of the Bequirements for the .Degree

tester of Arte

hyMargaret I4nteey Kraaer

August 1956146138

M. D. ANDERSON MEMORIAL LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON

A

eeaSeci «x tw®MttMx w 30

^•ewttT31M wtw sz

uo^snoH

tooxeqatM 3® ^ws^aMsg. M$. 30 W peauGS®^

sjseqx V

30 ^©wc^s^V W

®nm««aw ssiixsis iosernoo v ei raooas esxoiasHd <0 smw v w

sxcti asrowims to xware v to ®iiwwm wr

ABSmCT

In Fall 1955 oae temared new jhrosteaastudents vbo wnUftd th® Collige ©t luslneas Adslnistration

at th® University Houston aet the Following roquirements

end ve« inoMe< in this stu^i (1) thsy took all the tests

in th© Frostaan guiSanse battery, (2) they enrolled as Full*

time students, and. (3) they completed their First semester oF

study, $he soores mde W these students on the various

tests in the Frestaan guidance battery and tee Quality Feint

Averagos @F the students ec®^rise tee data upon which tele

study wa mdo*

toe purpose oF this study was 1) to evaluate each

test in the froshMn guidance battery as a method oF pre*

dieting acadmie sueoese or tellure oF stedonte in the College

oF Business Administratiou in tee First semester of college

work, nnd 2) to determine tee most effective combination of

teste for predicting aeatelc success of entering freshmen

in the College of Business Atetnistratlou*

tee tests which were used in this study wore as Follows t

$^22matis&Ss$ls6-$221^i—Bsgtol2g-sLBsae5alsn»toH-Sl toe Cooneretiv, toter-Ai»rio«i Teas. For AB. fart lit

SiOsasE _CM; end BOlSteyaSBMas

criterion used on this study ws the Quality Point

Average of each student at the end of Ms first semester of •

college wrk,Pearson product-sosent coefficients of oorrelatlcsi

wre computed hetwen each of the tests and ths criterion of

first seaester Quality Point Average, and intercorrelations

'of the tests wre cmjmted in the same sinner. The tvherry-

Doollttle test selection method vat applied, and it was found

that maximum predictive value of the test battery was obtained

W the the artisti© scale of the Kuder

tetensaSSM.# the ACE linguist!© score* With optimum weights these three measures yielded a multiple. correlation of

*51 with the criterion* This correlation is not what would,

be considered high and it may M of some limited value for

Individual predlctim* Sotever, ■ it may be of more value for

group prediction*.

It was concluded that, since the maximum predictive

value Is obtained with, only three of the tests in the battery,

the battery could be substantially reduced without reducing

the predictive value and other teste could be added to it in

the hope of enhancing its predictive value*It was recomended that the- pegrosslm equation bo

applied to mother group of freshmen entering the College of

Business to verify th® results of this study, and that future

Vi

to predict suetoss In speclfio eoursea

mtow toaa to tto eolto^ as * vhoto.

tags

- X« . S!*! 55SSS4 »«♦#•*♦••••*. •»••♦ X

statemnt et We ^eblaa. •••♦•*•*•* - 1

Ispo^tenoe ©f Wa Stsdgr «•**«•••»•• 1

XX< MW*S2W* 0? 55ED8 X«XXSB&Xt®8 ••»•«*•••* 3

XXX* GHOX^PS STGDZSD ABD 5IAT23XAIS t^SBD **«•»• T

Ch*miD» SWdiM • • • •

M&WiaXs Dwd • ♦ * •

♦ ♦ * e e

<♦••*«♦♦•♦♦ T

• *•*«*•••»• 8

#ee**e ■*•♦•# 9

r® ws m'FA 11

♦••••♦♦•••• 24

• 24

«••••«*•••• 24

• *•»•••»•*• 26

27

XSST OF SAKJto

TABX3 FAGS.... I/ Betw® the Various

XaWosUAve&s m tbs- Mter. Fr@tem«e

B@eer«#. W« O# Batwtog

■ toesteea, Sa th@ CeUes® ot BusSaese*

B • 152 , 17

XI* Cowlatiw Ntweea Mer Jtetewsti

' a^ms wa tb» VaFlmis Seeto ot ttea toesh* wm SattfiCT wd tte CMtlaaylGa.

tuaXltf FolaM Aw2?age« saterlng

Seestewa is. tM CeXXegi af RBtiwss, 1 • 152 • 18

XII* XaUHwalaUoai WWeen to’Various Tostis

er to FWstaaa Gul»to Battor to

Crltoto>Q»allty Foiat Average* .Full*tto BiteriMi Frosltaea la the Cellae ©r Btslaess

H s 152 •*♦*♦*♦**♦♦*♦♦•♦*** 19XT• A faW fop Cmwwto of law Seorea or la*

ttoal Percentiles <b to Artisti© Saale of

to Sudor late Standard Swee for to Bustoss AWnlstotto tosple •*♦.*♦•♦*

TABLE PAG3

■ V* -A Cmversim ©f Sstia&M <1PA into

ProteMULtj of suaoos®, vlUi Swoes

fieflnea as Obtaining a QPA of 1*3 or

Hl^bOr e '.• • * ♦ ♦. ♦ ♦ • • * * ♦ • ♦ • e e ♦ e 21VI* B@sns snd- Jtot'i&tlOM of th®

Tests .sal tbe Orltsrion •••■»♦«,•♦»♦„ 22 VII* Xaticmal PercenUles <m the Kuder

Pr#f@rmo® seoorS vbi^i Correspona to. ?25# P50, and for Group of ■ tesiMW Adainistreti-on Btudmte ♦♦•♦♦»• 23

CMWffl I

ra wcsm

telssa 2C WS tlw PU3?PO80 of this stud^ 1) to ewluato each test in the jRreshaan guiOance bat-

terx tests atoinlstered to entorina fpeshoen at the

Uaiversity of Houston m a methM of predieting acadonic sue*

cess or failure of students. in the College of Business Admin­

istration In the first sewstar of college vork, and 2) to

detesmine the most effective oomblnatlm of tests for pre­

dicting aeadealo suecess of entering fWsteen in the College

of Business AMSnistorotlaie

freshaen vho enter college for the first time come many prob­

loss, 14any of these new students haw no crystallised ambitions

as to their najor field of study end future life’s vork. Also

their aptitudes and special abilities are wtoown both to thra*

selves and to ths' college nhioh they wish to attend* Hsuy

colleges and diversities employ either standardized tests or

high school academic records, ce both, in an effort to resolve

such problems, < '

V- toe main purposes of the frestam guidance test battery are 1) to help all now students making up the bodies of the various colleges in their choice of a major, and 2) to counsel

wisely m tbs Mela of general intelligence, language -aklll :

and reading ability. Interest patterns, and level of previous

2

Mgh school twSatog, eo they my obt&ta mxlmi® bensfit

£><» ttelr eollsga

filffeiwt shills aw 3?equirai la difforont fields of

study* Tte acre highly vorMl areas 'of study naturally pre*

suppose b®*o ' adbsptuoss Im tbs use of the langua^s thssa scaae

otW. less vortal, perhaps, sore stettenlMl, > fields* Therefore

each college la a university requires mors er less different

abilities thro the other ©oilers*Relatively ffs SawstigatlaM haw been ®ade relating

to this problem of matching the majro fields of study to the

individual*a aptitudes sad dntereste in the area of business

a^inistratim. In this study m atteipt ws mde to add to

the body of Informtiro erocesming this problro*

s

4

eensraJllj aeceptea standsM criterion ^hich the

progwttle tests tew eomUtedi therefor® no

eeaswe of the eosparatiw wllaMXltgr ©f wopowa prognostic

tests exists* lhl» applies not mly to shorthand* but also

to other phases of business as tell* Should the crltorion

of aohlewimt lie in so sub|e@tlw a measure as teachers ’ ffiarkst Tte laht 1.itv Sf WAS haa long bean

knownj yet inwstl^tlms stiM are reported in vhich this

iswrare has t)0« used as the only critorim of itotM

prognosis*

cdsbome (7) fomd owffiMwts of oomlatlou for

thirty vaylatoes sand a ^rtlally t^d^rd 1 wd shorthand

learning test Wlott ste wm4 as ter »lterim of suocosa in

laaimina stertiiand* ter oeBolusitiB was that none of the ©gt*-

relations tetwen the stertomd eriterlem and single tests is

high encmgh to make prediction wlusW except in tte negative

sens®,

Mies (6) studied tte values of Wo clerical tests#

an intelligent test# and Mgb school ectelastic averages for

^dieting sucoess of clerical wrters on tte1 Job, te found

only four previms studies relating to tte pwdictim of clerical aptlttites, 9w only predictive ihetor in his study ■ ttet w# found to te write of use ws tte te.troit Clerical.

MMSte Patella# wieh yielded a coefficient of correla­

tion of ,8a wito Ms criterion of success# vMch ws tte rating

5

lAslle (5) tomd tlae Jbesli pwdlews ©t* B-uecesa

in tmsiness subjects ww spelling tests end wricms tests ot &i^llsti(^^wS^1saist$,tteti<sn# and punctuation.

. files. (3) fomd eowelatims first sweeter

sweeping grades md setws m ti» XteS-SOMUteffiffiS.*< *^3 tod •5Te . $he SMmclimts wre

only slimily lower vtom bookkeeping ewiinatlto scores were

used &s the criterion. Wm intell^once quotients wre

cctoblaed with the aehMtr««nt test eeores, toe multiple

coomcleuts of corwlatlm vlth first sewster bookkeeping

^&des were raised to »d3 ®ad »do*

M inwstigatlm ws »de N 6oA and Appel (2) to a

typewriting class, toey aake toe following statwentt

Previous s todies of ths wlidlty of various aptitude Beasurcs tw predicting success in type* witlng have tovolved only toe spwd^aoowacy criteria. W validities of toe varlws aptitude test® have lwt rarely over •to***

Wb» a typewriting clasa Is mde up from a l»tero@ffi®«i8 high sebool ptotiatim# ^presenting the varimm curricula, - and me objectives of toe coaree wpteslse personal typing and typing frcsi problem sitoatlms rather thia speed and accuracy frcm straight copy mteri&l, the relattenahips betwm typing success and measures of scholastic aptitude iMraehMgtir than has ewcmls been, asswei, Wder thsce conditions one naypredict success in typewittog from intelliiencs test scores md averwsol school m*s with relatively high accwacy.,

AocqH.lng to Blackstme (1) w suet recomiso the .fact

6

that vacatim is e emplex pattanf, md® up

©f amy ele^ats# eaeh ©f vM@li mst be tested, ahis ©alls

to? & weM. analysis of aXl* IM toapeMBts ©f a weaticn

end tt» emetwetim ©f valid and reliable teste for each

elmaent* Iw ©csRpretwisiw attwpts ©f this chsraeter have

been ®ade# eo It ie no vmder that predictions have been

feeble and Aulty, Sowver, goes m to say, w need not

be discouraged, about the ©o^lexity of prediction♦ - Our ocxa*

blned ©ffwts along tMee lines cannot fail to provide progress,

and awry little ^in is distinctly worth while.

cmwffl inGBOTS srosi® MD K&miMS USED

Sh@ @<mXs^d of all nw frosh*

®cm «iW$ag U>© CoKw ©f Businass Atolnistration of the

WlWrsUj ©f Houston Sb. the AH somsUr ef I955, vho took

all tM tests in the fresbasn golAnee Mttexy, irho enrolled

as full*tise etudimte, and vho cosplstad tto first sensster

of atudy*'

Since, with fw escepticss, all new freshnen wre re»

quirod to take the frestaan guldnnee tests prior to regia*

tratlm mly M rare slromsWoes ws it necessary to

elioimU a student frw the ©?<»> studied bewise of lack

of a complete tmttexy of tests*

A fuU»tiao student is defined as one who was enrolled

for twlwo or sore HWitar hours of ©lasses during the fall

s«ester» SM®e preliaiMr^ MrestigMlons rovosled differ*

encos between All*tim and ^rt*tlM students, it seoBed

desirable to Halt the inizestigation to <®e grow the other. Since full^tiae students probably better represont

typioal eollegs etudents and cosprise the greater portim

of the sAdonU, it smwA ®we spproprlato to 3Mlt the in*

wostigstiatK to this group*In order to ©btaia a measure of the students* performances

to their college work it was nocossary to further lioit the

group to those Wo cropleted at least <me sems tor’s work*

Students Wo witMrw froa «y course after Bid*s«@ster

8 received in that course a grade of “W*# meaning withdrawal,

which is equivalent to a failure in the calculation of.the

Quality Point Average*. Since'the reason for withdrawal was

not known, it seemed host not to include in the groups

studied those students who received a grade of “W" in any

course,"'" The total number of students who met the basic

criterion above was one»hundred*fiftytwo. Of the total

group there were elghty»five males and sixtyseven females,

Materials ^sed. .. The following battery of tests, se»

lected by the Counseling and Testing Service of the XJhiver*

sity of Houston, was administered to all new freshmen prior

to their registration for' the fall' semester,

American Council Education I8xc1121M£&1 Examinatipn

X2£ College Freshmen,. 19t7 .Edition, This is a test of goner*

al scholastic aptitude which has been found to predict fairly

wen success In college work in general. In addition to the

total score, it yields two. sub-scores, quantitative and lin*

gulstlc. The hQ* (quantitative) score is based on problems

in arithmetic, figure analogies, and number series. The

eh” (linguistic) score is based on same-opposites, completion problems, and verbal analogies,

Saffimsto. MssteEtea. tetos. teL Im & ^is is a test of general proficiency in reading speed and

9comprehension* In addition to the total score it yields sep­

arate scores for vocabulary and for reading speed and compre­

hension, Only Part II, the reading score, was used in this

research.

Cooperative General Test. A $

Mechanics of Expression^ Forta S. ahis is a test of general

proficiency in the Biglish language* It includes four partsi

grammatical usage, capitalisation, punctuation, and spelling,

but yields only on© score,

.Kader - Preference Record, Form. CM* This test is de­signed to measure the relative strength of a person’s voca­

tional interests in ten different areast outdoor, mechanical,

computational, scientific, persuasive, artistic, literary,

musical, social service, and clerical.

Algebra Screening This is a locally developed

and standardised algebra.achievement test designed to select

and place entering freshman students in algebra courses suited

to their level of advancement.

Criterion. For the purpose of this study, the degree »©f academic success for each student vas defined as the Quality Point Average (QPA) reported by the Registrar’s Of­fice at the end of his first semester of college vork* Qual­

ity points were assigned to each college letter grade by means

10

©f the in etftct at m mtwrsity of Hous*

ton. wlg&ts t<» tM several letter graces are as fol*

Iwet

.letter ^reae.

ABc»F

OueHty Folata ipss.j?«®..ir*.). StoteaMm.

4 Excellent3 Goodi - Satisfactory1 Foor0 FMlure0 Incomplete© WitMrawal

Tte WUty Faint Average w coaputod fw each

student suming the Quality points earned in all courses

and thm dinding hr th® nvoMr of sweater hours attwptod,

students Wee gmde sheets Sported “X1®* and ’^•s* were

not used in. this stu^' because of spurious effects m the

Quality Foist Awrage*

TECi^ioms m Mmsis op ra mm

toertm eoefflMmU @f* Goi*x*©l&tiou

ww eo^uted meM et the tests and th® criUrion

©f fl«t se»«ter QmMtp Point and intepeoswla*

tions of the tests ww e«pitet In the saa® mnner» The

vesnltlns e®wlati« mtMees w presmted In Tables 1,

2t and 3*

W the ItoMstie seor®, .361

MUX# *331 tod IS, totals ,31« artietls scale of^e...Keeox,d had a correlation of *,28 with

the odWim* AM of too above o«wlaMon ©©efficients

wm signiflottt at the ,01 lorel ©f eonfldence. In addl*

tlon t@ these, the correlate®, of the ACS ©nantltatlve »®re

vith the crltwi® (*13) w» si@xm@mt at th® «05 level of

c®fidenca»

Applying 'tiw towy*Mollttle. test seleotlon method,

ssodtom ^pedictlve value of tte test battery vas obtained

irith the BffiAgHlMMlA# wtistlo scale of the MSUiB&mSLMM* *®< O linguistic scone. With ©ptimm wl^its these three maswes yielded a multiple eonye*

lati® of ,51 with tbs criteri®, The staidard error of

& etMmS w»e 1*9# thea tte ctaiees would be

ei^ht7*tl»w la a teteM U»t the etudmt would acSu&llj be

e suooessfUl etutet* tta.% Mt tte eteueea ®w elsht5r*tteee

to a temtoei 1M6 Ms W would, be above l*s#

Wans ant stondard dovtotlons ot .aH tM aeasures, ex*

oept tha MsJMteafflLBasml «»• preaentes in Tabla 6

Scorea cn toe fisaaS^lSMalA »• to toiea or eofrera-Mw scaled scores md all other® ®w to teras of w®w saores*

presented to. tobls 7» to to equate the swws tow sales

and tosaleSf each seow was ecnwted te a sealed score# based

on naUml persmtHes for tMt wx« The mdtons and quar*

tile points for the se^ple used to tMs towstlgatlm were

then coowrted bask to the emeeptn^tog national poroentiles.

Since the cwretotim of *51 to not iMt would be ©on*

sitowd it to ef Itelted value tow individual predie*

tion* Sowwr# it be of sow value to® gsc^ prodtotion#

Ve could $wdiet wltbto 1*25 quality points with 95^ accuracy,

tod withto le^ quality points with 99^ aeeuraey#

The frestmn gultonoe test battery was not designed to

preMet eueeeee tor any particular field of study* It was

desired as a ©ouneeltog aid f» all ets^ltote, since there to no need for selection of students m tha basis of area of study at this ttoe to tM diversity of Houston.

The criteria, Quality totot Avew^# has sone

u

Ttew is ®a uatoem momt of subjective eval*

tottw a the of Ow teachoi* vhieh roflocts itself ia

a groM* W^mta’af Oiffaraat teachers of an

intiviaMl BtutoVs Buoeee® my yield widely diversified

estimtee* Aeewding M tetewy ant Haler (<), thia diver*

aifleatim la dee to varying standards, to different wights

assigned to eortaln typos of exeeHonsoa and defects, to m*

eonsclous Mases, and 'to WdweMs to wM eonstont and

VArMble errors* The etanwe of passing w falling a eourse

my depmd upon the teacher a studmt shanoes to get rather

than up® the student1® knwledge of the auhjeet oatter,

Vood ($) investigated the scoring of College ^trance

Amination Board Tests in 1921* The results were

such that If 10,000 applicants had be® tested ® successive

days vith equivalent fams of the essaninati®, 1,279 would

have passed Fora a who failed Fora 1, ssa 1,279 would have

passed Fem. S *9 Mled Wm A* This exaeplo shows clearly

that success <at failure oft® depmds as much up® tlie test

and scoring as up® the applicant*® kawTodge*

Matter point to consider M reUtim to the quality

points which, a sWMt earns is that ©rotes are not directly

eo^Mrable to different oourses* For a stutent’s'grates in ^glish or booktoepiug caxmot be dlreetly coopared

to Ms grates to such courses as i&ysleal eteMtim, Mlltary

scimce, ® rwdtoi corses* All these courses are incluted

16

thoso vto socrod. lower m the oMst&s soala tenM to oaBe

hotter gratos.* Although the wwlatim we not high, it

tos el^ifiemt at the ,01 letol of emnamoe, One ean only

osculate as to ^$y such a relationship should exist. One

possible explfiMtion i» that there Is some tasic negative

relationship beteestt artistio Interest md s«e sort of

8eecnoials* interest wMoh night emtrlbuto to euccess in bust*

nose adninlstMtion.*

The ottw measures selected the 'WherryDoolittle

test seloctiai eethed are in aooortaiM trite test one would

expeet. The course of study M Msineae adainistratian is

wore vertex than qumtitative, and fw tela reason me would

ea^eot tee linguistic eewo on the ACS to have some predlc*

tiva value, or at least sore tern the Quantitative score.

Wllfih..W8t..A ted the hlteest oorrela*

tim vite tee criteria la in teeping with tee results of

oteer investlgatleitii of a stellar nature, for instance#

Eardawy end Mier (I) state teat upm investigatlcn they

have found teat a teowtedge of English gmmr i» as tepor*

taut te tte tr^iaoripti® of sterteand as the shorthand and

typewriting aspect,

It should to pointed out that tte results reported, in this study are specific to tte particular prograa of courses and othw cmditlms in tte College of Business Administration,

diversity of Boustm, Mffermt relationships are likely to

to fomd at otter institutions.

17TAMS 1

iBterseyxwUtlms Wtoem ttw WMous latowat Awas m the

Kudex1 Se^eNt# Ww a# FulKAae Euteriag toaslmn*

College of Business. 8 152

BMw Area Mach . C« Ml for Mt lit Mus S3 Clex*

Outdow ♦ ♦ • • ♦ ♦ * < # ♦

Hochanical M e ♦ • ♦ • • ♦ • •

C(®putational **08 ••06 e # # * • ♦ »

soimtifio ,86 •13 ♦15 ♦ • ♦ ♦ # ♦ ♦

wsuasiw ••50 *♦16 •♦13 -•23 • ♦ ♦ ♦ e ♦

Artistle •12 .17 •♦3l *♦20 -.17 ♦ ♦ ♦ • •

Utaua^r •♦18 ••11 •♦12 ♦to •♦07 ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Musical •.19 ••IB •♦10 ••11 ♦07 •06 •»07 ♦ • •

Social Bw. -.13 ••12 •♦10 *•05 •♦02 •♦15 *♦11 *,22 ♦ . »

Cleyleal *«^ -.29 •5^ •♦to ♦05 *•35 *•08 ••01 ••05 ♦

t

Coxrei&6imB Kuder Xaterest Areas and tt» Various

Tests ©f ths Western Quitaaoe‘’fette3?y tM tM Cytteric®,

Quality mat Aww®*. wxl-Ctat ®nt©2?ing mstem«Co31e@»

ef minesne 8 * 152 .

Bidw Interest Areas-Teat

Nt Goa S«1 JW Art Mt M16 S3 Cte

Coop XA -.12 •02 M ,01 ■ •02 ,00 •11 *,05 *•05 *•09AC2Q •Ot •M •IS ,06 -.15 .03 »0< *.02 *•06 *•06

ACS 1 -t©l ♦12 *•01 *•05 *•05 .07 ,21 *♦02 *♦10 •♦16

ACS Total ♦02 e!3 •03 t *00 *.31 .06 *15 •♦03 *♦09 ••14

Coop aig* A ♦02 •11 . ,10 -.05 *•20 ,00 .09 ♦12 *,03 •♦02

teta Soy, •03 -.05 .20 .10 *•05 •02 *.05 *,16 •09 *•02

QPA •ell ••03 ♦It *•08 ••03 *e28 .13 *.08 •15 ♦12

isSAKS 3

JatereowFoXaUcns Betwea toe Wimm Seats ef the tpestam

Gultow Battery tto Cyite^ion, Quality Point Average,

. Fall*TM? altering yrestam*College of Business

B 152

Tests ’ XA Q X, Total A Math QPA

Coop u e ♦ ♦ • ♦ ♦ ♦

ACS Q . •t3 ♦ ♦ • ♦ * e

ACS Z, .69 .51 * ♦ ♦ *

ACS Total .67 •81 *91 ♦ e • *

Coop tog* A eta •M .6a ,63 ♦ • •

Math Screen •e •0^ .20 •05 • •

QPA •33 .18 ,36 ♦31 .Ml •09 ♦

abl® fo r C m rw slm e f B&v Se<w® M Uitmal fW c w tH e s <® the A rtlab le Seal# e r th e

l a t e SN^SknI S cores" $iss the

SjaSw as AtolsdUitMktifiik Simple

JRS R

53SS

RSSSS K

SS

Sd

33 333teS

SS

3S5

SS

StiS

858: S818S3 S3^S

8 3%

>

Rg 83388

33SS

S

ro*0*0§s*ft€0eTOS’Tttow0*0rx90*C*0u*z*xeo*ro6VrtCT*S*0trs*ttf0*009*0*0ZfVOos*raTO*re06*0*09r6*0tr5*■ ft

0*t9S*fogo*ftL6‘ft -..

trrtBS*rt

OS*g*t66*'ft

sssoons 39 &%Tmwa<ViO *^«S

sseoans 50'XmTWMl .VA e»63

o ®s®pons Neesetii xe

MtTTWMI V4B WTW@AW0. V

s rav$T3

teaa$ and Smtat Devl&tlma at Seats

■aM t£« CMteMm

Sest St®sdaisil Devlatlcsi

Coop IA Seadtiag 31.® 5.®ACS Q 39.96 9.57ACS X# 51.00 13.53ACS fetal 90M '20,05Coop A Sagllsb W»93 30.28

Mtl Se^wdtag X2.84 8.00om 1.933 .737

23sms?-

Xlatlcmal BeiwaUlas m Ow tosfeareaxM Beeord Which

Correspond F25» ^50# H'S# t» tM Grasp of Bwl* neae Students

AMB »5 FTS

Outdoor 11 - 31 54

19 39 63

Ca^putatiaM^ 41 66Sciontlfia 11 28 53fewuasiro <6 . © 85Artistic 36 a 82

literary 40 64

Musical 5> 54 nSocial Mrri^ 22 41 64Clerical 71 88

1* Blackstone> I* 6«, Iro^iosis In Business ESuoatlon, Btsineaa Bdueattmi WorM, Keroh, 1939, BP. 533-536.

2.e C©*# ¥.» V* ana Appel, M## Ww Bawe for Fradletina . Sypiag Sueeese* tessl M- M311&

a«u* iW-t w* 17*3E*3* Giles, Me# A Statistical Study te Betemlne th® Value of

' of XnUlllgmeo Quotients $M General AoMeveront Tost Scores for fwdlottng Success in Mrst Vear Bookkeeping* Fas ter* s Steosi®, University of Berth CaroliMk* 1051*

A, Wtowy, «• anA mier, I* B*, £es|»s<,tes»aga|i M Businose Wgtm* Soe»« HlUau sSith* ws^TOFti^BSngGO*, Cincinnati, (Mo, 1952, pp, 3^*^«

5‘

6, lllos, Ae# Sew faetors Sa W draining of CloMe&lWorkers« IpW Belta II Xpeilon Besearoh avart* SUUwtor, (Ma*t Oklahcaa A and M College, We W-15i«

7, CtoWne, N9Mto B«, The BelatKmship b®tween CertainPsychological Tests and Shorthand Achiev®ient#

M 873, YorkTeactere. CoUoge, Colwbla University, 1943, BP. 53-5».

8. Bars#, F. 1., Problaaa In Sborthana ana teomoals.iawa at Bsuaea. Bte.ua, h«t, 1938, p. 17.

9. Vooa, B. D., gMBBgMl to Tonkera-<»*B$d8m7Biwl®E7tfori< Bw co*, 1923, We 12<*125*