an era of protest and change
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An Era of Protest and Change. Chapter 170. The Counterculture. Chapter 17 section 1. The Rise of the Youth Movement. Made up mostly of white middle-class college students Disillusioned with the Vietnam War and injustices during the 1960s Turned their backs on traditional American society. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
An Era of Protest and Change
Chapter 170
The Counterculture
Chapter 17 section 1
The Rise of the Youth Movement
• Made up mostly of white middle-class college students
• Disillusioned with the Vietnam War and injustices during the 1960s
• Turned their backs on traditional American society
The Counterculture
• “Tune in, Turn on, Drop out”
• Members of counterculture called hippies
• Did not like materialism, technology, and war of American society
The Counterculture
• What did many youth attempt to create?
• An idyllic setting for peace, love, and harmony.
Hippie Culture
• Marked by rock-n-roll music, outrageous clothing, sexual freedom, and illegal drugs
• Who promoted LSD?• Harvard Professor
Timothy Leary
Hippie Culture
• Also rejected conventional home life and joined communes
• Where was the so called Hippie capitol?
• Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco
Decline in the Movement
• After only a few years, the counterculture’s peace and harmony gave way to violence and disillusionment
• List examples– Manson Family Murders– Altamont Raceway
Concert
A Changing Culture• Although short lived, some
aspects of the counterculture left a more lasting imprint on the world.
• Art• The 1960s saw a rise in pop
art (popular art)• Identify Andy Warhol• Led to the rise of Pop-Art
which shunned traditional painting and sculpture
Rock Music
• Beatles- the band that helped propel rock music into mainstream
• One example of rock’s popularity occurred august 1969 in a farm in upstate New York Woodstock
Changing Attitudes
• “Do your own thing” faded from the counterculture movement
• The prime example was sexual revolution
The Conservative Response
• In the late 1960s many people believed the country was losing its sense of right and wrong
Conservatives Attack Counterculture
• What were some of the arguments of conservatives?– Increase in divorces, drug
uses- overall decay or morals in US society
• The angry response of mainstream Americans caused a profound change in the political landscape in US
• Conservative movement took hold
Women Fight for Equality
• Betty Friedman wrote a book, The Feminine Mystique, that talked about how many women were not satisfied with their place in society
New Women’s Movement Arises
• Feminism- the belief that women should have economic, political and social equality with men
Women in the Workplace
• Jobs available to women- mostly clerical, domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching, and nursing paid poorly
• Were not paid the same of promoted as frequent
Women and Activism
• Ironically where were women discriminated in the 60s?– The Civil Rights and
Anti-War Movement• These experiences led
women to organize themselves
The Women’s Movement Emerges
• The Feminine Mystique became a best seller and helped to galvanize women across the country- by the late 1960s women were working together for change
The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses
• The Creation of NOW– Betty Friedman created
the National organization for women in 1966 to pursue women’s goals
– Identify some of these goals
– Equal opportunity at work and education
– Creation of more childcare facilities
A Diverse Movement• 175,000 women joined
NOW in the first 3 years• New York Radical Women
demonstrated at the Miss America Pageant– Dressed up a sheep and
declared it Miss America• Gloria Steinem founded a
liberal group that encourage women to seek political office
Legal and Social Change
• Excluding girls from male sports was questioned
• Gender discrimination in education was banned
Roe V. Wade
• NOW supported a woman’s choice to have an abortion
• The Supreme court agreed and made abortion legal in 1973
Equal Rights Amendment• Congress passed the Equal
Rights Amendment in 1972• What did this amendment
propose?• Men and women would have
complete equality under the Constitution.
• Who was Phyllis Schlafly?• Conservative woman who
successfully led the campaign to block the movement
New Rights Emerge
• In order to combat the ERA, pro-abortion supporters, conservatives built what the called a new “pro-family” movement
• They were able to block the ERA from passing
The Movement’s Legacy
• Despite the ERA’s defeat the women’s movement– Altered society in
countless ways– Such as transforming
women’s conventional roles and their attitudes towards career and family
• The movement also succeeded in expanding opportunities for women
Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality
• The Latino Presence grows
• During the 1960s the Latino Population in the U.S. grew from 3 to 9 million
Latinos Varied in Origin• Mexicans-largest group
(southwest and California)• Puerto Ricans- began
migrating in 1898 (east coast cities; New York)
• Cubans- New York City, New Jersey, Miami (fled communist rule)
• Encountered racisms, most lived in segregated barrios or neighborhoods
Latinos Fight For Change
• As their presence grew so did their demand for greater representation and better treatment
The Farm Worker Movement
• Key organizer was Caesar Chavez– Believed in non-violence– Used boycott of grapes
to get their union accepted
• United Farm Workers Organizing Committee
Cultural pride
• “Brown Power” movements were started all over the country
• Demanded bilingual Education
• Money for heritage programs
Political Power
• During the 1960s 8 Hispanic Americans served in the House
• What was La Raza Unida?
• Latino political organization whose goal was to help Latino Americans get elected
Environmentalists Speak Out
• 1960s-1970s scientists learned more about toxic waste
• Toxic waste- poisonous byproduct of human activity
• Concerns over- coal, smog, pesticide abuse, and polluted rivers
Environmentalists Speak Out
• Rachael Carson writes Silent Spring– Describes the deadly
affect of pesticides that they were having on birds and animals
• She insisted human activity drastically altered the environment
• Her work caused Congress to bad DDT– DDT was a pesticide
• 1968 Cuyahoga River catches fire in Cleveland Ohio
Inaugurating Earth Day• Nationwide protest called
for Earth Day• Cuyahoga River fire made
it seem like predictions were coming true
• April 22, 1970 First Earth Day, 20 million people took part
• There were concerns if government should take over private property
A President Turns Environmentalist
• 1970 Nixon asks Congress to create Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)– Mission to protect the
entire ecological chain– Sought to eliminate
pollutants
A President Turns Environmentalist
• Nixon signs Clean Air Act (1970) to combat pollutants
• Clean Water Act (1973) limit pollution by agriculture and industry
• Endangered Species Act (1973) promote the protection of endangered species and animals