k.

/ Av4. t*+~r';

LIBRARY

CAMPBELL

COLLECTION

AN

ENGLISH-ANGLO-SAXON

VOCABULARY.

COMPILED BY

THE REV. WALTER W. SKEAT, M.A.,

ELRINGTON AND BOSWORTH PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON.

PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION ONLY.

Cambrfog* :

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

1879

Cnmbrifip :

PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A.

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

INTRODUCTION.

ON the appearance of Mr Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Reader in 1876,

it occurred to me that an English index (if I may so call it)to

the words contained in the admirable Glossary appended to it

would be useful, at any rate to myself. In the course of 1878 I

made such an index. On looking it over, I at once observed that

some very common and characteristic words were wanting in it,

on account of the necessarily limited nature of the selections. It

then occurred to me that many of these could be readily supplied

by help of the index to Mr Sweet's History of English Sounds. I

accordingly went through that index, and so filled up some of the

gaps. In a very few cases I passed over the words thus indicated,

because the word was unimportant or the form a little doubtful.

Hence the present list contains only such English words as

occur (i) in the explanations of Anglo-Saxon words in Sweet's

Glossary to the Reader (first edition) ;and (2) nearly all the words

given in his History of English Sounds. The result is a vocabulary

which gives some account of most of the more important words of

the language; and shews, on the one hand, what words are still

in use nearly unchanged, and on the other, what ideas are expressed

by totally different terms in the modern and in the oldest English.

Limited as is the vocabulary, it has at any rate this advantage,

viz. that all the Anglo-Saxon words cited are real ones, for which

actual authority can be adduced. The passages in which they

occur can be found by the references in the Glossary to the Reader;

i 2

INTRODUCTION

or else, when the word is but slightly changed, by reference to the

dictionaries of Bosworth, Lye and Manning, or Ettmiiller. As it is

chiefly in the former case that the construction of the word may

require illustration, it is easy to turn to the passages cited and

observe any peculiarity of usage. It will at once be seen that, from

the way in which the list has been compiled, it is necessarily scanty

and imperfect. It is merely a handy list, intended for my own use

and for that of a few friends and students.

CAMBRIDGE,

April i^th, 1879.

N.B. When modern English verbs and substantives are not

distinguished as such, the verbs may be readily known by the fact

that the Anglo-Saxon infinitive mood ends in -an. It may also be

noted that additional Anglo-Saxon words may often be found under

synonymous English ones. Thus to bid is bebdan ; and, by looking

under command, we also find hdtan.

VOCABULARY.

a, dn

abandon, forlsetan

abbess, abbudisse

abbot, abbod

abject, hean

able, to be, cunnan

abode, wunungaboitt, ymbe, ymb, embe, w. ace.;

onbutan, ymbutanabove, ofer, ufan, bufan

; (of supe-

riority) toforan; adv., uppe ;

from above, ufan

abroad, ut, utanbordes, ute

abstainfrom, wiSbredan, refl.

abundance, genyhtabuse, v., hirwan

accessible, gefe're

accomplish, asfnan, bewitian, ge-

forSian, Jmrhteon ; fullgan, w.dat.

according to, be

account, geradaccount, v., tellan

accurately, gewyrdeliceaccursed, unlaed

accusation, wi oht

accuse, gewrdgan, forwre'gan ;ac-

cuse of, gestselan, iv. dat.

ache, aece, ece

acknowledge, oncnawanacorn, ascern, ascirn

acquire, gewinnan, strfnan

acre, aecer

act, v., d6n

action, weorc

adder, naedre

addition, eaca

adhesive, clibbor

AID

admonish, gemanianadorn, besettan, gefraetwian, ge-

hlaestan, ger^nian, girwan, gleng-an, teon (weak verb}, weortJian,wurSian

adorned, gehroden, geatolic

adulterer, boring, aebreca

adultery, hor, forligere, aebryceadvance, wadanadvent, tocymeadversary, andsaca, wiSersaca

advice, lar, larcwide, raed

advise, geraedan, raedan, Iseran

adze, adesa, adese

afflict, eglan, gebr6cian, gecwilman,gedreccan, geswencan, gewaegan,genearwian, ge>ryscan, >ryccan

afflicted, gedr^fedaffliction, broc, hearm, weorc

aforesaid, se foresaeda; foresprecen

afraid, forht, ofdraedd

afraid, to be, forhtian, ondrsedan

after, aefter ; (of time}, ofer ; (ofplace) on Idst, w. dat.; afterthat, ftaes 5e

afterwards, eft, siSSan, foes, aefter

Samagain, eft, eft ongeanagainst, on, ongean, ongdn, wi8,

w. ace.; (hostilely), togeanesage (old age), ildu

; (growing old),

ealdungagitated (in mind}, astyred

agree to, ge|>waerian, gejjwaerlaecan

agreeable, gecw^meagreement, treow, wedd, gecwidra;:-

den

aid, fultum

AIL ASHAMED

ail, eglanair, lyft

akin, gesibbalas, wa la wdalder, air

alderman, ealdorman-

ale, ealu

alight (from a horse}, lihtan

alike, gelice

alive, cwic,*cucu

all, call ;most ofall, ealra maest ;

at all, dwiht, to ante

allow, alifan, w. dat. of pers. andace. of thing; h'fan, Isetan, ge>aT-

ian, ge>wserianallure, spananalmighty, eallmihtig, eallwealdend

almost, fornedh ;almost all, swiS-

ost ealle

c/wj. aelmesse

almsgiving, aelmesgifu

alone, dn

along, be

alongside of, toemnes, w. dat.

also, ealswd, edc, dc ; edc swilce,edc swd

; swilce, swilce edc

altar, weofod

alter, dwendan

although, Seah, ftdh, Sedh 8e

always, ealne weg, ealneg ; sefre ;

symble ; gehwserw, com

ambition, ricetere

ambush, ssetung

amid, onmiddanamidst, t6middes

among, ongemang, mid, betweo-num

an, dn

ancestors, ildran

and, and, ond.

angel, engel

angels, race, of, engelcynnangelic, engellic

anger, torn, grama, irre

angle; see hook

angrily, torne, irringa

angry, irre, gram, wrdS, dbolgen,

gebolgenangry, to be, dbelgananimal, nedt ,

ankle, ancleow

announce, bodian, w. dat.; dbe6d-an

annul, didlian, dwsegan ; (annullaws), forniman

anon, on an

answer, v., andswarian, andwyrdananswer, s., andswaru, andwyrdeant, aemette

anvil, anfilte

any, a^nig

any one, hwa"

anything, wiht, wuhtanywhere, dhwaer, hwa?r

apart, sundor

ape, apaapostate, apostataapostle, apostol

appear, asteowian; >yncan, impers.,

w. dat.

apple, asppel

apply, dteon; apply oneself to,

befeolan, w. dat.

appoint, settan, dihtan, sceawian ;

gelagian, genamian, gescirian,

geteohhianapproach, nealsecung, upgangapproach, v., genealsecanarchangel, heahengelarchbishop, arcebiscopardour, inbryrdnis, onbryrdnisare, sind, sindon, beoS (Northum-

brian aron)arise, drisan

; (be born), wacanark, earc

arm, earmarm, v., girwan, gewaSpenianarmour, reaf, herereaf; firdham,

firdhraegl, eorlgewaedearmy, here, herefolc, folc, fird,

swe6t

around, ymbe, ymb, embe ; ymbut-an, onbiitan

arouse, weccan

arrange, fadian, dredian

array (oneself}, trymian, trymman,refl.

arrow, fldn, strael;

hildenaedre;

also areweart, craeft, searuart (z p. s. pres. of verb}, eart

artifice, searu, sirwungas, swd

; (according as], Saes ?5e;

swilce, w. indie.; as. ..as, swd...

swd; as if, swilce, w. subj.;as soon as, s6na swd. [j = eal

swd]ascend, stigan

ascension, updstigennisascent, upstigeascribe, getitelian

ash, assc

ashamed, to be, scamian, impers. iv.

ASHES BEFOREHAND

ace. ofperson and gen. of thing;forscamian

ashes, aescan, axan, ascan (pi.)

ask, axian, acsian, ascian ; biddan,w. ace. ofpers. andgen. of thing;fricgan, frignan

asking, axung, acsungaspen (tree), aesp, aeps

ass, assa

assaz't, on sittan

assemble, gegadrian, gesamnianassembly, gesamnung, gemotassistance, fultum

associate, s., gegada, eaxlgesteallaassociate with, to ge}>e6dan

association, gej>e6dnis

astrologer, tungolwitegaat, aet, t6 ;

at all, wiht, wuht,wihte ;

and see all

atonefor, ongildanattempt, onginnanattendant, foregenga, geongraaught, awiht, aht

aunt, modrigeauthority, onweald

autumn, haerfest

avail, duganavarice, gitsungavaricious, feohgifre

avenge, awrecan, wrecan

avenger, wrecend

avoid, forbugan, forcirran, forfleon

await, bidan, w. gen., abfdan, on-bidan

awake (arouse), weccan, aweccan ;

(to be awake}, wacian ; (to become

awake), onwacan, onwacnanaway, onweg, aweg, for??, fram,Sanon

awe, ege, egesaawl, awel

axe, eaxaxle; see shoulder

aye; see ever

B

back, baec, hrycgback again, eft

backwards, ofer baec, under baec

bad, yfel, eargiic, fracod

bad, to become, yfelian

badly, yfele, yfle

bag, faetels

bailiff, gereTa, tunger^fa ; wicgeffrabake, bacan

bale, bealu

baleful, bealufull, bealubalk (ridge of land], balcaban (proclamation], gebannband, bendbane, bana

banish, aflfmanbank (of river}, ed-staeS

banner, cumbol, )>uf

banquet, symbelbaptism, fulluht

baptize, fullian

bar, grindelbare, baer

bark, v., beorcan

barley, berebarm (yeast), beormabarn, bern

barrenness, unwaestmbarrow (hill), beorh

bast, baest

bath, baeS

bathe, baSian ; trans. gebeSianbathing, beSungbattle, gefeoht, hild, orett, here,

gewinn, getoht, tohte ; beadu,beadulac ; sescplega, ecgplega,

guSplega, wfgplegabattle-field, wael, waelstow, maeSel-

stede

be, wesan, weorSan, bedn

beacon, beacen

beam, beambean, bean

bear, s., bera

bear, v., beran ; (a child}, geberanbeard, beardbearer of a corpse, licmann

beast, deor, neat, niten ; (wildbeast), wildde6r

beat, beatan, cnyssan, }>erscan

beautiful, faeger, hiwbeorht, freolic,

seme, torht, wlitig

beauty, faegernis, wlite, beorhtnis

because, for Sdm Se, for 8y Se, Saes

Se, 8^beckon, be"cnan, beScnian

become, weortJan

bed, bedd, rest

beer, beorbeetle (insecf), b^tel, bftel

beetle (rammer), bytel

befit, gerisan

before, adv., fore, foran, beforan, asr

before, prep., for w. dat., beforan;

(of time), aetforan, w. dat., t6for-

an, w. dat., onforan, w. ace.

beforehand, aetforan

BEG BOLDNESS

&eg,bedecian(Greg. Pastoral,]). 285)

beget, strfnan

begin, onginnan, beginnanbeginning, fruma, frymft, onginn,

ord

behave, gebaeran, feVan

behest, haes

behind, adv., behindan, aet hindan,on swatte ;from behind, aeftan

behind, prep., beaeftan

behold, behealdan, sceawianbehold.' efne ! la! hwast !

behove, gebyrian, behofian

being (creature), wuht, wiht

belch, bealcettan

belief, geleafabelieve, gel(fan

believing, geleaffull, gelifed

bell, bella (or belle)

bellow, bellan

belly, wamb, belg

belong, gebyrian, belimpanbeloved, leof

belt, belt

bench, benc

bend, bendan ; (bow down}, lutan

beneath, adv., neoSan ;/r<?/.beneoS-

an, w. dat.

benefit, v., fremian, w. dat.

benefit, s., fremsurrinis, fremu, fearf

benevolent, welwillende

bequeath, becweSan

bereave, bereafian

berry, berigebeset, bestandan

besides, adv., git, toedcan ; prep.(w. dat.), eac, toeacan

besiege, ymbsittan, besittan

besom, besmabest, betst, sdlest

betray, forraedan, beswfcan ; (a city),becirran

betrayal, swicddmbetter, adj., betera, sdlra

; adv., bet

between, betweonum, betwux, be-

twix

betwixt, betwux, betwix

bewail, cwiSan

beyond, begeondanbid, bebeodan, beodan

bide, bidan

bier, bger

bill (weapon), bill

bin, binn

bind, bindan, cnyttart, sselan ; (as

prisoner), we"lan

birch, beorc

bird, fugol

birth, acennednis, gebyrd ; (time

of), gebyrdtid ; of noble birth,aeSelboren

birthplace, cennungstowbishop, biscopbishopric, biscopstolbit, v., (to furnish a horse with a

bit), baetan

bitch, bicce

bite, bitan

bitter, biter

black, blase, sweart

bladder, blaedr

blade (ofgrass), blaed

blain, blegenblame, v., taelan

blast, blaest

bleach, blacianbleak \pale), blsec, blac

bleat, blaetan

bleed, blddan;swaatan (poet.)

blend, blandan

bless, geble"tsian

blessed, gesselig, eddigblessing, bldtsungblind, blind

blind, v., ablendan

blindly, blindlice

bliss, bliss

blithe, blfSe

blood, blod ; also heolfor, swat (poet.)

bloodshed, blodgytebloody, blodig ; also drecSrig, heol-

frig, swatig (poet.)

bloom, v., geblowanbloom, s., blomablossom, blostma

blow, v., blawan;

blow upon, be-wawan

blow (as aflower), blowan

blow, s. (stroke), drepe, swengboar, bar, swin

; (wild), eofor

board, bord

boar-spear, eoforspre6tboast, gebeotianboasting, be6t, gilp

boat, bat

bode, bodian

bodily, lichamlic

body, lie, lichama, flasschama, bodigboil, weallan

bold, beald, gebilde, cdne, dyrstig,

fram,hwaet, snell,strang; arod,cafboldly, bealdlice, cdnlice, framlice,

caflice

boldness, dyrstignis, hwaetscipe

BOLSTER CALUMNV

bolster, bolster

bolt, bolt (?)

bond, bend, clammbone, bdn

book, boc

boon, be*n \boon \c&. bon]&;0/ (remedy), bot

booty, Me, huS

0AV, borian

borough, burh

borrow, borgianbosom, bosm, bearm&7//6, begen ; both. ..and, aegfter...

ge, ge...ge

bottom, botm; (<?/" a lake, &>c.),

grundbottomless, grundledsbough, telga, b6h

boundary, mearcbow, v., gebugan, biigan ;

bowdown, trans., onhildan

; intrans.,

hnfgan, onlutanbow (for shooting), boga, fldnbogabower, bur

bowl, bolla

boy, cnapa, cniht

braid, bregdanbrain, braegenbramble, bremel (or bre"mel)branch (of a tree], telgabrand, brandbrandish (a sword], bewindanbrass, aer, braes

brave, god, heard, hwaet, strang,

stiSmod, hror ; r6f (poet.} ; un-\

earg ; and see bold

bravehearted, heardmod, stiffmod

bravely, heardlice, ]>egenlice .

bravery, hwastscipe ;and see bold-

ness

breach, bryce ; (of agreement},weddbryce ; (of law}, lahbryce

bread, bread

breadth, braedu

break, brecan; (become broken),

sprengan ; break to pieces, to-

brecan, forbreotan;

break asun-

der, intrans., toberstan

breast, breost

breastplate, byrne, byrnhambreath, blaed, fnasst, brseO

breathe, orSian

breeches, bre"c (pi. o/broc)breed, bre"dan

brew, gebreowanbride

) brydbridegroom, brydguma

bridge, brycgbridle, bridels (or brfdels)

bright, beorht, scfr, torht, hddor,leoht, leohtlic

brightly, beorhte, hddre

brightness, beorhtnis

bring, bringan, aetberan, laedan ;

bring about, gewendan ; bringforth (child}, cennan, acennan,oncennan, timan, tydran ; bringup, fedan

broad, brad

brood, brod (unauthorized)brook, v.j see use

brook, s., brocbroom (plant}, brombroth, broS

brother, broSor

brow, brii

brown, bnin

buck, bucca

build, timbrian, timbran, dtimbran,

bytlan, arasran ; settan ; (firmly],

trymmanbuilding, getimbre, getimbrung, ge-

bytle

bullock, bulluca

bundle, byndelburden, byrften

burn, intr., beornan ; trans., baer-

nan, aelan, forswaslan ; burn tip,

forbaernan (trans.}, forbeornan

(intrans.}

burning, s, bryne

burst, berstan ;burst forth, bre-

can ; burst out, aberstan

bury, byrgan, bebyrgan, bedelfan

busy, bysigbut, ac

butter, butera (a borrowed wordfrom Latin}

buy, bycgan, gebycgan ; buy off,

forgildan

by, be, bi ; (by means of}, Jmrh ;

fram, w.pass. verb

cable, scipra'p

calamity, gelimpcalf, cealf

call, ceallian ; (to exclaim}, clipian,

cleopian ; (to name}, gecigan ;

(to call out}, hri'man

callow (bald), calu

calumny, hoi; (attack on character),

onscyte

CAMP

camp, wic, wicstow, firdwic

campaign, s., fird

campaign, v., firdian

can (/), cann

candle, candel (Latin)canon, canon (Lat. and Gk.)

capacity, maegencaptivity, haeftnid

capture, v., niman, fon

care, caru, cearu, heord

care, z>.,hogian; (to reck), meornan,rdcan ; (to care about), carian,onmunan

; (to take care of), gim-an, TV. gen.

careful, carfull, smealic

careless, re'celeas, gimeleds, orsorh,

wanhydigcarelessly, unwcerlice

carelessness, unwaerscipe, gimeledstcarnal, flaeslic

carrion, ses

carry, beran, ferian, laedan, wegan ;

carry off or away, alsedan, offe"r-

ian, awegancart, craet

carve, ceorfan

castle, castel (Latin)

cat, catt

catch, gelaecancathedral, mynstercattle, ceap, feoh, feo, neat, niten,

orf, hrySercattle-plague, orfcwealm

cause, don, w. infin.

cause, s., intingacauterize, fortendan

cave, scrasf

cease, ablinnan, gestillanceasefrom, geswfcan, w. gen.celebrate, msersian

celebrated, maerecertain one, an, sumcertain of, gewiss, w. gen.certainly, gewisslice, geornechafer (insect), ceafor

chaff, ceaf

chain, clamm, bend, racente

chain, v., gehasftanchalk, cealc

chamber, bur, c6fa, reced

chamberlain, bur]>egn

champion, cempachange, -v., aw.endan, behwirfan

;

(change to the worse], onwendan

change, s., edwenden ; (vicissitude),

gebregd ; (reverse), edhwirft

chapman, ceapmann

CLOTHES

character (nature), hidcharge, have in, bewitan

chariot, craet

charitable, cystig, aelmesgeorncharity, aelmesgifu

cheap; see purchase, sb.

cheek, cedce

cheer, frdfran, gefrdfrian, drdtan

cheese, csechew, ceowanchicken, cycenchide, cidan

chilblain; see blain

child, beam, cild, eafera

childhood, cildhad

chill, freorig

chill, s., ce"le

chin, cinn

choice, domchoice thing, cyst

choke, for>rysmianchoose, ceosan, geceosanchough, ceo

church, cirice,circe ; (congregation),gelaSung

cinder, sinder

circuit, ymbgang, ymbhwirft, be-

gangcircumference, ymbgangcitizens, burhleode, burhsittende,burhwaras

city, ceaster, burh

clamour, hream, gebaereclaw, clawu (or clawu)clay, claeg

clean, claene

clean, adv., claene

cleanness, clsennis

cleanse, claensian

clear (evident), sweotol, swutol;(used of the voice), beorht

clearly, sweotollice

cleave (adhere), clifian

cleave (sever), cleofancleave asunder, tocleofan

clerical, gehadodclew, cliwe

cliff, clif

climb, climban .

climb up, stigan

cling, clingan

clip (to embrace), clyppanclose, v., lucan, belucan ; (close up a

road), forwyrcancloth, claS

clothe, scrydanclothes, gewaede

CLOUD CRANE

cloud, woken. \The A. S. cliid =mass of rock\

clout, clut

clover, clcefre

cluster, clyster

coal, col

coat, tunece, cyrtel, pddcock, hana, coc

cockchafer; see chafercock-crow, hancre'd

cockle; see corn-cockle

cold, ceald

cold, s., cele

collect, gegadrian, gesamniancolour, hiw

coloured, fah, fdgcolt, colt

comb, cambcombat (single], anwfgcome, cuman, becuman; (to the

throne), fon to rice

comely, cymlic

comfort, frofor

comfort, v.; see cheer

coming, cyme, tocymecommand, v., beodan, hdtan, be-

beodan

command, gebod, bebod, diht, haes,

gewealdcommit, betaacan

common, gemaene ;in common,

gemaenelicecompanion, gesfe, gefe'ra, geneatcompany, geferscipe

compel, geneadian, genidan, forni-

dan

complain, msenan, besprecancomplete, v., fullfremman, fullvvyrc-

an, Vurhte6n

compose (write), gedihtancomrade, wilgehl^tJa

conceal, bedirnan, bediglian, mitJan

conceive (be pregnant], geeacnianconcerning, of

condemn, forde'mancondition (state}, had

conduct, faru, faer, drohtnungconfess, andettan

confine, beclysanconfirm, afaestnian, gefaestnian

congregation, lasting, gelaSungconquer, dlecgan, gehnaegan, ge-

wildan, ofweorpan; (land), ge-gdn

conscious, gecnaewe, w. gen.consecrate, gehdlgianconsent to, ge|>zifian

consenter (consenting person), ge-}>afa

consider, be>encan, }>encan, hog-ian, smeagan, smean, asmedgan,geondsceawian, geond)>encan

consolation, frofor

console, fr^fran, gefreYrian

constancy, anraednis

contain, befon

contemplation, smedgungcontempt, forsewennis, forhohnis,

oferhygdcontend, sacan

continual, singal

continually, singallice

continue, wunian, Jmrhwuniancontinuously, anstreces, on dncontrary to, ofer

contrive, d>encancontrol, wealdan

conversion, gecirrednis

convert, gehwirfan, behwirfan, ge-

bigancook, s., c6c (Latin)

cool, col

cool (grow cool), colian

corn, corn

corn-cockle, coccel

corner, hyrnecorporeal, Ifchamlic

corpse, hraew, hra, He

correct, gerihtancote (cot), c6te

could, ciiSe

council, raed, run

councillor, wita, runwita, raedbora

counsel, raed

count, riman

countenance, andwlita

country, land, card, molde

courage, mod, >rymm ; ellen (poet.)

course, rynecourt, hof ; (inclosure), edor

cover, belecgan, >eccan, be>eccan,helan, wrihan, bewrihan, bewyrc-an

; (cover over), oferhelman ;

(cover -with rime), behreosan

cow, cu

cowardice, irgSu

cowardly, earg, earglic

cowslip, cusloppecrab (Jish), crabbacrackle (asflames), brastlian

cradle, cradol, cildcradol

craft; see skill

cram (stuff), crammiancrane, cran

1 1

CRAVE

crave, crafian

create, gesettan, gescippan, onstell-

an, trymmancreation, gesceap, gesceaft, gescap-

ennis, frumsceaft

Creator, metod, meotod, scippendcreature, wiht, wuht, gesceaft

creep, creopan, snican

cress, cerse, ceerse

crib, cribb

crime, synn, undaed, morSor, gylt,

facen, firen, leahtor, man, man-daed

criminal, s., wearg, sceaSa

cringe (bow, fall}, cringan, gecring-an

cripple, cre"pel

crooked, wohcrop (of wheat), wyrtcrop (ofa bird), croppcross, rod, gealgacross, sign of the, rodetacncross oneself, se'nian

crow, crawan

crowd, gemang, hwearf

cruel, waslhreow, re"Se, gram, grimm,wraS, unswseslic

cmelly, Dearie

crumb, cruma

crush, tocwysancrutch, cricc

cry (clamour), cirm

cry aloud, hriman, cirman

cultivate, gebiian

cunningly, geaplice

cup, bune, cuppecurse, s., curs

cttrse, v., cursian

cursed, awirgedcurtain, fleohnett

custody, heord

custom, >eaw, sidu, gewuna ; (evil

custom), unsidu

cut, ceorfan, heawan, bitan, sniSan,sceran

cut away, dceorfan onwegcut off, beceorfan, w. ace. of pers.and instr, of thing

cut through, forceorfan

D

daily, daeghwcimlicedaisy, dasges dgedale, dael

dam up (a river), forwyrcan

DEN

danger,fre'cednis

; (sudden danger},fasr

dangerous, fre'cne

dare, durran, ndSan;/ dare, ic

dearr

dark, deorc, mirce, sweart, wann,heolstor, Jjeostre, >eosterfull

darkness, heolstor, J>eostru

darling, deorlingdart, daroS

daughter, dohtor

dawn, uhte, serdaeg, dasgr^ddawn, v., dagianday, daeg ; dogor (poet.)

day^s work, dasgweorcdead, dedd, forftgewiten, unlifigendedeadly, dedtJbsere, cwealmbaer

deaf, deaf

deal, dael

dear, deore, d^re, leof

death, deaS, gewitennis, forSfor,

forSsfS, hinsiS, swilt, hryre, fill,

cwealm, cwild

death, doomed to, f^ege

death-day, deaSdsegdecay, forrotian, fdlian, brosnian

decay, s., brosnungdeceit, swicdom

deceitful, swicol

deceive, beswfcan, bepaacandecide, gesc^dan, geceosan, rsedan,

gerasdandecline, oSfealla i, wanian

decree, geraedan, raedan, gescirian,d^man

decree offate, gesceaft

deed, dsed, >ingdeemj see doomdeep, deop, steipdeeply, deopedeer, deor

defeat, v., forslean

defeat, siege

defeated, sigeleas

defend, werian, bewerian, gebeorg-an, ealgian

defender, weriend

defile, besylian, besmitan,wemman ;

gefylan

defilement, wamm, gewemmednisdegenerate, dbroSen

delay, ildan, latian, uforian

delay, ildungdelve, delfan

demand, girnan, w. gen.demon, sceocca, scucca

den, denn

12

DENY DOCTRINE

deny, aleogan, w. dat. ofpers. andace. of thing ; forsacan

depart, gewitandeparting thence, ftanonweard

departure, utgangdepending on, gelang ast

deplore, bew^pandeprive of, beniman, benseman, iv.

gen. or instr.; bedaelan, beh'San,w. gen.; besnyftian, w. instr.;

afirran, iv. dat. of pers. and ace.

of thing; bescirian, w. gen. ofthing ; 6Swendan, w. dat. ofpers.and ace. of thing

depth, dipe, dy"pe

derision, hocor, hospderisive, h6corwyrdedescendant, magadesert (waste), wdsten

desert, adj., wildedesert (merit), gewyrhtdeserve, earnian

design, ge>eaht, ra=d

desire, girnan, iv. gen.; gitsian ;

willan; wilnian, w. gen. or ace.;

gelystan, impers. w. ace. of per-son andgen. of thing

desire, willa, lust, wilnungdesirous, georn, w. gen.despair, ormodnis

despairing, ormoddespairing of, orwdne, w. gen.despise, forhogian, forseon

despiser, oferhogadestroy, fordon, spillan, forspillan,

forwyrcan, forniman, forfaran,

dmirran, kbreotan, ddilgian, to-

weorpandestruction, forwyrd, cwild

determine, gemearciandetest, onscunian

detestable, onscunigendlicdevastate, hergiandevastation, hergaff, hergung, for-

hergungdevil, de6fol

devil, possessed by a, deofolseoc

devilish, deofolcund, deofollic

devise, dcraeftan

devour, forsvvelgan, fretan

dew, deawdie, steorfan, sweltan, cwelan, a-

cwelan, geendian, gefaran, gewit-an, forSfaran

difficult, earfoCe, earfoSlic

difficulty, with, uneaSe, unfttelice

diffidence, unbildo

dig, delfan

digging, gedelfdignity, gej>yngfto, ge^yncfJ, weorS-

fullnis

diligently, gecneordlicedill, dile

dim, dimmdiminish, trans, and intrans., ge-wanian

din, to make a, dyniandint (a blow), dyntdip, difan ; dyppandire, atol, sliSen

direct, gerihtlaecan, gewissian, wfs-

ian, taecan

direction, gewissungdisciple, leornere, leornungcniht,

geongradiscipline, >eodscipediscourse, cwide

discover, afindan, onfindan

discredit, unhlisa

disease, c65, ddl, uncoSu

diseased, adligdiseased, to be, ddlian

disengage oneselffrom, geaemtigian;

reflex, w. gen.disgrace, scamu, scand

disgraceful, scandlic

dish, disc

dishearten, geirgandislike, un>ancdisperse, intr., tofaran, tof^ran ;

trans., t6sendan

display, gesweotolian, geswutolian,eowan

display, s., waefersin

displease, mislfcian, w. dat.

dissimulate, lytigian, licettan

distant, firlen

distension, tobldwennis

distinct, sweotol, swutol

distinguished, gejnmgendistribute, da=lan

district, scedt, scir

district, governor of a, scirmann

disturbance, unstillnis

ditch, die

dive, diifan

divide, da^lan, toniman, t6dielan

divine, godcund, dryhtenlic

divinely, godcundlicedivinity, godcundnisdivision, dael

do, d6n, gedondock (plant), docce

doctrine, Mr

DOE ELF

doe, da

dog, hunddoing amiss, miswendedole, gedal, dael

dominion, onweald, rice

doom, domdoom, v., ddmandoor, duru

doubt, tweo, tweonungdoubt, -v., tweogan, tweon, iv. gen.;

tweonian, impers.doubt, without, untwilice, untwe6-

gendlice

doubtfully, tweolice

dough, dah (?)

doughty, dyhtigdove, culfra

; dufe (or dufa)down (hill), dundownwards, of dune, neoSan, nitter

drag, dragan, teon

dragon, draca, wyrmdraw, dragan, teondraw (sword), gebregdan, abreg-

dan, teondraw near, getengandread, v., on}>racian, ondraedan

dreadful, on>rsecedream, v., gemsetandream, swefn

dreary, dreorigdress, wsed, gewaede, waafels, hraegl,

reaf, scriid

drink, drincan, supan ; (drink up),

gedrincan ; (give to drink), drenc-an

drink, s., drenc

drinking, gedrincdrive, drifan, draefan ; (away), afys-

an, fordrifan, adrffan

drop, dropadropsy, waeterseocnis

drove, draf

drown, trans., ddrencan

drunk, druncen

dry, drygedry up, adruwian

due, gerisendull, dol

dumb, dumbdun (brown), dunn

during, under, w. dat,

durst (I), dorste

dust, dust

dztty, riht

dwarf, dweorgdwell, wunian, wician, eardian, ge-

buan, bugian

dwell in, trans., healdan

dwelling, ham, wi'c; inn, geard,

hof, card, geset, gesteald, wunungdwelling-place, eardgearddyke, die

each, seghwilc, w. gen.; aelc, ge-hwilc, aeghwaeSer, aegSer, gehwaeO-er

each one, gehwaeager, georn, geornfull, geornfullic,

fiis

eagerly, geornfullice, geornlice,georne

eagle, earn

ear, eare

earl, eorl

early morning, aernemergenearn, geearnianearnest, eornest; in earnest, on

eornest, eornestlice

earnestly, eorneste

earth, eorSe, grund, folde, molde,hruse, middangeard

earthdweller, foldagend, foldbuend,eorSbuend

earthly, eorSlic

easily, eaSe, softe

east, east

east,from the, eastan

east, to the, wiS eastan

Easter, Eastron (pi.)

Easter-day, Easterdaegeastward, easteweard

easy, eafte, dSe

eat, etan

eaves, efes

ebb, s., ebbaebb away, aebbian

ecclesiastical, circlic

eel, ael

egg, aeg

eight, eahta

eighty, hundeahtatigeither (oftwo}, ahwaeSer, awfter

either.. .or, oS0e...oSSe, dSer...6'Ser

eke, v., dean

elder, ildra

elders, ildran

elder-tree, ellen

eldest, ildesta

eleven, endlufon

eleventh, endlyfta

elf, aelf

ELI. FADE AWAY

ell, eln

elm, elm

eloquence, getyngniselse, elles

elsewhere, ellor

embrace, clippan, ymbclippanembrace, s., faeSm

emmet, aemette

emperor, cdsere

employment, notu

empty, aemtig, (del

encamp, gewician, sittan

enclosure, hagaencourage, trymian, trymman, ge-

bildan

end, ende, geendungend, v., endian

end, bring to an, onwendanendless, ungeendodendure, bidan, w. ace.; >olian

enemy, feond, feondsceaSa, sceaSa,mdnscaSa

English, Englisc

English, the, Engle, AngleEnglish language, Engliscgereordenjoy, brucan, w. gen.; neotan,

w. gen.enjoyment, notu

enlighten, onlfhtan

enmity, fe6ung, of))anca

ennoble, gedirsian, gedyrsianenough, genogenrage, gremianenslave, gefeowianensnare, besinvan

enterprise, onginnentice, spanan, gewdmanentirely, mid ealle, ealles, eallunga,

aeghwaesentrails, innoS

entrance, inngang, instaepeentrust, befaestan, w.dat.; bebeddanequinox; emnihtere, aer

erect, araeran

err, misf^ran

err, to cause to, dwelian

errand, aerende

error, gedwilderst, aerest

escape, aetberstan, oSwindan, losian,berstan

; escapefrom, aetwindan,w. gen.

establish, settan

eternal, dee

eternally, dcelice

eternity, cnis

eucharist, hiisl

evangelical, godspellic

evangelist, godspellereeven, efen, emnevening, sefen

eventide, sefentid

ever, aefre, d, dwa ;for ever, to

ealdre

every one, aeghwdeverywhere, aeghwaer, gehwser, ofer

call

evident, sweotol, swutol, openevident, to make, geswutolianevil, yfel

evil, s., yfel, bealu

evil-doer, mdnfremmendeewe, eoweexamine, dsmedganexample, bigspell, bysen, bysnungexample, to give an, bysnianexcel, oferstigan

excellence, duguSexcellent, aettele, aenlic, unforcuO, in

dryhten, gejnmgenexcept, biiton

excessive, ungemetgod, swMicexcessively, ungemet, ungemetlice,swMice, oferlice, ungefoge

exchange (barter), s., gewrixleexcite, onstyrian

exculpate oneself, betellan, reflex,

excuse, gelddian, forlaetan

exhalation, stedm

exhausted, goten, w. gen.exhausted, to become, dteorian

exhort, gemanianexile, wraecsi'8

expedition, siS, rdd ; (military],fird

expel, ddraefan

expend, dspendanexplain, gereccanexploration, scedwungexplore, cunnian

expound, alreccan

extend, braedan, ger^man, dstreccan

extensive, widgille

external, uteweard, utanweard

externally, utane

extinguish, dcwencan, ddwasscan

extreme, ytemesteye, edge

face, andwlita

fade away, wanian

FAIL

fail, swican, geswican, w. dat. ofperson; alicgan

fain, fasgen

fair, faeger, semefairness, faegernis

faith, treow, treowS, getreowS, ge-trywS, geleafa

faith, want of, geleafledst

faithful, getreowe, hold

faithfully, getreowlicefall, feallan, dreosan, gedreosan,

hreosan, ahreosan ; (bow down],cringan ; (fall away], afeallan

fall, s., dryre, hryre, fill

fallow, fealu

false, leas

falsehood, leasungfame, hlfsa

familiar, cuS

family, maegS, cynn, hired

family, member of a, hiwa

famine, hungerfamous, namcuS, msere, mserlic,

bre"me, gefrsege

famous, to make, mseran, gefrsegn-ian

far, feorr ;from afar, feorran

fare, v., weorSan, impers. with ace.;

(to go), faran

farthing, feorSling

fast (fasting}, faesten

fast, adj., faast

fasten, fasstnian

fastness, fassten

fat, faet

fate, wyrd, siS; (decree of fate], ge-sceaft

father, faeder

fathom, faaSm, fseSmrim

fault, gylt

favour, e"st, liss, hyldofawn (as a dog), onfaegnian

fear (be afraid}, onscunian, reflex.;

ofdraadan, ondrsedan

fear, oga, ege, egesa; (frighf),

fyrhto, forhtung; (sudden dan-

ger}, fa=r

fearful, egesfull, egeslic

fearfully, egeslice

fearless, unforht, unforhtmod

feast, gebeorscipe, wist

feast, v., wistfullian

feather, feSer

fee (property), feoh

feed, fe"dan, af^dan

feel, f^lan

fell, afillan

FLAT

fell (skin), fell

fen, fenn

fern, fearn

fervour, wilm

festival, freolstfd

festivity, plegafetch, feccan, fetian

fetter, fetor, racente

feud, faehS

fever, fefor, fefor-ddl

fever, to have a, hriSian

few, fed

fickle, ficol

fiddler, fiSelere

fidelity, treowS, trywft, getreowS,getrywS

field, feld, ascer, wang ;

'

(field ofbattle], wasl

fiend, feond

fierce, gram, grimm, irre,r^Se,hreoh,

hreo, sti'3, stfSm6d

fiercely, wraSum, irringa, sti'Slice

fierceness, r^Snis

fifteen, fiftine

fifth, fifta

fifty, flftig

fight, feohtan, winnan, sacan

fight, s., gefeoht, feohte, camp,campwig, tohte

fighter, cempafile (rasp), feol

fill, fyllan, dfyllan

fill, s., fyllo

film, filmen

fin, finn

find, findan, mdtan, begitan; (findout), onfindan, afindan

finger, finger

finish, v., geendian, betynan, Jjurh-

te6n

fir, furh

fire, fyr

fire-gleam, ijrleoht

firm, faest, trum

firmly, faestlice, faeste

firmness, faestnis

first, forma, fyrmest, fyrst

first, adv., serest

fish, fisc

fisher, fiscere

fishing, fiscoS

fist, fyst

fitly, sidelice

fitting, gelimplic

five, fff

flame, blaest, h'g

fiat (applied to land), filde

16

FLATTER

flatter, oleccan

flattery, 61eccungflax, fleax

flea, flea

flee, fleogan, gefle6han

fleece, flys

fleet, adj., fleotig

flesh, flyesc

fleshly, flaesclic

flight, flyht, fleam

flight, to put to, aflfgan, aflfman,

gefliman, fysanflint, flint

flitch, flicce

float, fleotan

flock, flocc

flood, flod

flooded, fle"de

floor, flor, flett, heallwudu

flourish, )>e6n, gejedn, wridian, ge-blowan

flourishing, geblowenflow, flowan ; (as a river), feallan,

irnan

flow of the tide, flod; (stream),

gangfluctuate, wealcan

fly, s., fleoge

fly, v., fleogan

foal, fola

foam, fam

fodder, fodor

foe, feond

fold, fealdan

folk, folc

follow, folgian, fyligan

following, asftera

folly, unsnotornis, unwisdom, un-

raed, hygeleast, dysig

food, foda, mete, metsung, det, nest,

feorm, bigleofa

food, want of, metele"st

foolish, dysig, dysiglic, dwaes, dol

foolishly, dollice

foot, fot

foot-measure, fotmsel

footprint, sporfor, for, to

forbid, forbeodan

force, nfd

force, by, nide

ford, ford

forefather, fortSfceder

foreign, fremde, welisc, el>eodig

foreigner, wealh

forest, wudu, holt, weald, wuduholt

forge, asmiian

FUNERAL

forged, gejairen

forget, forgitan

forgive, forgifan

forgiveness (of sins], forgifennis

former, serra

formerly, geara, ge6, giu, iu, gefyrn,aer Sissum

forth; seeforwardsforthwith, sona, aadre, Saerrihte

anunga, semningafortification, geweorcforty, feowertig

forwards, forS

foster-father, fostorfaeder

foul, ful

found (a town\ asettan, settan; (a

building), trymmanfoundation, gesetnis, staSol, weall-

steall

fountain, willa

four, feower

fourfooted, fi^erfifte

fourteen, feowertine

fourth, feorfta

fowl; see bird

fowler, fuglere

fox, fox

foxglove, foxes glofa

fragment, bryce

fragrance, stenc

frailty, tydernis, hnescnis

frankincense, re"cels

free, freo

freefrom, leds

freeze, freosan

fresh, fersc

Friday, frigedasg

friend, freond, wine

friendless, freondleas

friendly, freondlic, hold

friendship, freondscipe

fright, fyrhto, forhtung

frightened, afirht

frivolity, idelnis

frog, frocga

from, fram, of, aet ; (to learnfrom =

geliornan aet)

frost, forst

frosty, hrimigfrozen, froren

fruit, waestm, ofet, bled, b!6stma

fry, gehirstan

frying, hirstung

fryingpan, hearstepannefull, full

fully, fullice

funeral, If

'7

FUNERAL PILE GRANTED

funeralpile, ad, bsel

furlong, furhlangfurnace, ofen

furrow, furh

further, furSor

further away, ufor

furze, fyrs

future, toweard

future, s., forSgesceaft

gain, gewinnan, strinan

gall, gealla

gallows, gealga, galgagame, gamengang, gangangannet, ganet, ganotgape, geapiangarment, scrud

gate, geat

gatekeeper, geatweardgather (flowers), gadrian ; (collect),

gegadriangaze, starian

gear, gearwegem, gimm, gimmsta'ngeneral, s., folctoga

general (common), gemaenegenerally, gemsenelicegentle, row, HSe, geswses, smyltegently, li'Selice

gesture, gebaere

get, gitan

get at (reach), gersecanghost, gast

giant, eoten, ent, >yrs, gigantgift, gifu, Idc, lean

gigantic, eotenisc

gild, gyldangirdle, gyrdelgirl, maegden, meeden, masgSgive, gifan, sellan

; (permit to have],

onlihan, w, dat. ofpers. and gen.of thingj (grant), unnan, w. dat.

ofperson and gen. of thinggive away, forgifan, forgildan

give up, ofgifan, oflsetan

giver, brytta (poet.)

glad, glaed, glaedmod, faegen,rot

gladden, gegladian,gladly, glsedlice, rotlice

glass, glaes

gleam, scima, glaemglede (hot coal), glddglee, gliw

glide, glidan

glitter, lixan

gloaming, glomunggloom, glomgloomy, to become, gesweorcanglorify, maeran, maarsian

glorious, frymmfaest, >rymmfull,>rymmlic, >rySlic, maere, maerlic,

blaedfaest, tirfasst, torhtlic

gloriously, hlisfullice, domlice

glory, wuldor, tir, hrdS, dom, lof,

maerSu, blaed, >rySu, >rymm,weorSmynt, wurSmynt

glory, eagerfor, domgeornglove, glof

gluttony, oferfyll

gnash the teeth, gristbitian

gnashing ofteeth, gristbitunggnat, gnaet

gnaw, gnagango, gan, gengan, cuman, faran, f^ran,

ferian, steppan, wadan, scriSan,

teon, wendan (reflex, or intrans.)

go in a track, spyriango without, for>olian, w. instrum.

go wrong with, mislimpan, impers.w. dat.

goad, gadgoat, gatGod, godgod-child, godbearngoddess, gydengodfather, cumpaederGod-fearing, godfyrhtgodson, godsunugold, goldgolden, gyldengoldsmith, goldsmiSgood, god, godlic, til, serfaest

goodly, godlic

goodness, godnisgoods, godgoose, gosgore (blood}, heolfor

gorse, gorst

gory, heolfrig

gospel, godspellgout, gihSagovern, gewealdangovernment, steor

grace, 6st; (of God), gifu

gracious, hold

grandfather, eald faeder

grant, unnan, getfSian, both w. gen.ofthingand dat. ofperson; (grantas afavour), tftte fremian

granted, gifeSe

18

GRASP

grasp, gegripan, grdpian, fon, haf-

enian

grasp, faeSm, grdp, clammgrass, grass

grave, graef

gravel, sandceosel, gre6t

gray, graeg

gray (of hair), hdr

"gray-haired, blandenfeax

great, great, micel

greater, mdra

greatest, msest

greatly, miclum

greatness, micelnis

greedily, grsediglice

greediness, gifernis

greedy, graedig, gffre

green, gre"ne

greet, gre*tan

grief, wed, sar, hearm

grief, tidings of, weaspell

grieve, sarettan

grievous, swdr, sar, laS, wrdftlic

grievously, weorce

grim, grimm, grimmlicgrind, gegrindangrip, gripe, grdpgripe, gegripan, gn'pan

groan, graniangroaning, grdnunggroom, gumagrope, grdpianground, grund, flor, folde

groundsel, grundeswelgegrove, bearu

grow, weaxan, grovvan ; (grow up\dweaxan ; (grow over), beweaxan

growth, waestm

grudge, of|>anca, inca

guard, v., behealdan, healdan, war-

ian

guardian, weard

guardianship, weard

guest, gist, flettsittende

guidance, gewissungguide, gewissian, wisian

guild, gild

guilt, gylt, scyld

guilty, scyldig, forscyldigod

gut, gutt

Hhabit, gewuna, |>eaw

had, haefde

hail, hagolhailstorm, hagolfa.ru

HEAD

hair, haer ; head of, feax

half, healf

hall, heall, sele, sael, seld

hallow, gehdlgianhalt (lame), healt

hammer, riamor

hand, hand; folm (poet.}

hand over, to handa laetan, draecan

handgrasp, mundgripehandiwork, handgeweorchandle, helf

handy (near}, gehendehang, trans., dhon, geh6n ;

intrans.

hangianhappen, gelimpan, getimian, weorS-

an, wesan

happiness, sael, gesaclS

happy, gesaelig, eddigharbour, porthard, heard

harden, dhirdan

hardhearted, heardheort

hardheartedness, heardheortnis

hardly, unedSe

hardness, heardnis

hardship, earfoS, geswinchare, hara

harlot, miltestre

harm, hearm, bealu

harp, hearpeharp, v., hearpianharper, hearpereharping, hearpungharrow, s., herewe, herwe (?)

harrow, v., ettan

harry, hergianharrying, hergung, hergaShart, heorot

harvest, rip, riptima, haerfest

haste, ofost ;with haste, ofstlice

hasten, eTstan, onettan, fundian;

fysan (reflex.}

hastily, recene, ricene

hat, haet, haett

hate, hatung, hete

hate, v., hatian, IdSian, feon

hateful, IdS, IdSlic

hater, hata

hatred, anda, m'S

haughty, oferwlenced, ofermod

have, habbanhaven, haefen

hawk, hafoc

hay, hfg, hdghazel, h;esel

he, \\, se

head, hedfod, hafola

3 2 2

HEADLAND HOSTILE

headland, naess

headless, heaTodledshead-man (leader), hedfodmannheal, hselan

health, gesuridfullnis, haelo

healthy, hdl, onsund, gesund, ge-sundfull, hdlwende

heap, hea"p

hearing, gehfrnishearken, he"rcnian, hyrcnianheart, heorte, mod, hyge ; sefa,

ferhS (poet.)

hearth, heorS

heat, haete, haetu

heat, v., onhsetan

heath, hseS

heathen, hseSen

heathendom, hseSenscipeheave, hebban

heaven, heofon, heofone

heaven, kingdom of, heofonnce

heavenly, heofonlic

heavy, hefig, swdr

hedge, hagaheed, giman, w.gen.; he'dan, w.gen.heel, hoh, hela

height, he"hSu, hedhnis, hednnis

^^//, hell, hellewite

hell-fire, hellbryne

hell-gate, helldor

helmet, helm

help, help, fultum, frofor, dr, dugu?J,rsed

, v., helpan, w. dat. or gen.;fylstan, w. dat.; gelsestan, iv.dat.;

forstandan, w. dat.; gefultumianhelve, helf

hemp, hanep, haenephen, hennehence, heonan

henceforth, heonan for5

her, ace. case, hi; dat., hire

herdsman, swdn, hirde

here, hdr

heretic, gedwolmannheritage, laT, irfe, irfeweardnis

hesitate, wandian, ildan

hew, hedwan ; {hew down), dhedw-an

hidden, dime, digol

hide, v., gehydan, beh^dan, helanhide (skin), hyd, fell

hie, higianhigh, heah, hedlic

hill, beorg, dun, hlsew, hlinc, munt,hyll

hill-side, hliS

hilt, hilt (often in pi.)

him, dat., him ; ace., hine

hinder, gelettan, w. ace. ofpers. andgen. of thing; hremman ; (hin-derfrom or in), dmirran, w. gen.of thing

hip (dog-rose), heope, hiopehip (thigh), hypehire, hyrian, dhyrianhis (own), sfn

historian, J>eodwita, wyrdwriterehistorical, gewyrdelichistory, stser

hither, hider

hoard, hord

hoard, v. hordian

hoarfrost, hrim

hoarse, hds

hoary, hdr

hold, healdanhold out (endure), J^olian

hole, hoi

hollow, hwealf

holly, holegnholy, hdlighome, hdm, card, cy"8, cySSu ; at

home, aet himhome-coming, hdmcymehomewards, hdmweard, hdm-weardes

honest, getreowehonestly, getre6wlice

honey, hunighonour, dr, drweor?!nis, maeS, weorS-

mynt, wurSmynt, weorSscipe,wurSscipe

honour, v., a>ian, weorSian, wurS-

ian, drweorSian, maeSigianhonour, worthy of, drweorS

honourable, drweorSfull, weorSfull,wurSfull

honourably, weortJlice, wurSlice, dr-

weorSlice

hood, hod

hoof, h6f

hook, hochook (fish-hook), angelhop, hoppianhope, hopa, hyhthope, v., hopian, gehyhtanhopeless of, orw^ne, w. gen.horn, horn

horse, hors, mearg, mearh; eoh

(poet.), wicg (poet.)host (vast number), unrim, ungerimhostage, gisel

hostile, 1,-lS, ftg, hetol, wrdS, unhold

20

HOSTILITY INTERCEDE FOR

hostility, faehS, wiSersac, unfriO

hot, hit

hotly, hdte

hound, hundhour, tid

house, bus, inn, botl

household, hired

householder, bonda, husbondahow, huhowever, hvvasSre, SedhhwaeSere,

swdSeah

hue, hiw, bleoh

^#*?, bright of, hiwbeorht

human, mennisc

humble, edftm6d

hitmble, v., geedSme'danhumbly, edSmodlice

humiliate, gehinan, forbiganhundred, hund, hundteontighunger, hungor/*#/, huntian

hunter, hunta

hunting, huntaS

husband, ceorl, wer

husbandry, tilung, teolunghustings, hastinghymn, lofsang

7,icice, is

icicle, celegicel, fsgicel

idle, fdel

idleness, idelnis

idol, de6folgild, heargidolater, deofolgilda, haetfengilda

idolatry, haetfengild

if,&fignominious, hednlic, huxlic

ignominiously, bismerlice

ignorance, nytennisignorant, nyten/// (sick), mettrum, untrum, seoc

///, to make, geuntrumian/'//, adv., yfele, yfle

illness, untrumnis, mettrumnisilluminate, onlfhtan

ill-use, gehinan, misbeodan, tucian

image, onlfcnis

immediately, recene, ricene

immense, ormaete

impel, fysan

impending, onsaegeimproper, ungerisenlicimprove (become better], godian ;

(make better), bdtan

imprudence, unwisdomimpure, unsifre, wammfullin, in, prep.; on, prep.; inn, adv.in exchangefor, wiS, w. dat.

infront of, togednes, w. dat.

in order that, to Saem Saet

in, to get, feolganincense, re*cels

inch, ynceincite, dweccan, stihtan, onbryrdan,

onbaernan

incline, biigan, gebugan ; (intrans.),onliitan

incline oneself (bow down], hildan,

reflex.

incomparably, unwitSmetenlice

increase, weaxan ; (trans.), geicanincrease, s., edca

incredible, ungelffedlic, ungelffend-lic

incredibly, ungefnegliceindeed, witodlice, eornestlice, huru

indescribable, undsecgendlicindignation, niS

infirm, untrum

infirmity, untrumnis, untrymnisinflame, onselan, onbaernan, onhaet-

an

inhabit, warian

injure, wirdan, wyrdan, sceSSan,derian

injurious, deriendlic

injury, hearm, dam, IdC, tedna,

byrst

injustice, unriht

inn, inn

inner, innera

innermost, innemest

innocence, bilewitnis

innocent, bilewit, unscaeSSig, un-

scyldig, unforworht

innocently, bilewitlice

insignificance, wdcnis

inside, innan

inspect, gehdwianinspiration, onbryrdnisinstitute, gestaslan, staalan, settan

instruct, tascan

instruction, Idreowddminsult, v., bismerian, bismrian,scendan

insult, s., hosp, hocor, bismer, teona

intelligence, andgit, gewitt

intelligent, andgitfull

intend, gemyntan, }>encan, hogianintense, ormaeteintercedefor, )>ingian, '. dat.

INTERCEPT LEAD

intercept, offaran

internal, inweard

interpret, gereccaninterpreter, wealhstdd

into, int6, in, on, inn on

intolerable, unaberendlic

invite, gelaSian

involuntarily, ungewealdesinward, inweard

inwardly, inweardlice

iron, iren

iron, adj., fren, fsern

is, is

island, (gland, icgaft, igeoS/'/, hit

ivy, ifig

J

jaw, ceafl

jeweller, gimmwyrhtajoin, gefdganjourney, sift, siSfast, faer, faru

journey, v., siftian

joy, bliss, bliSnis, wynn, hyht, mirgft,

dredm, gliw, willa

joyfully, wynnum, hyhtlice

joyless, wynnledsjudge, de"ma, de"mend

judge, v., gede"manjudgment, domjust, riht

justice, gerihte

Kkeel; see shipkeen (bold), ce'ne

keep, healdan, behealdan; cdpan

kernel, cyrnelkettle, cetel, cytel

key, csegkill, cwellan, dcwellan, dcwilman,

ddidan, afillan, bewegan, forweg-an, forspillan, hedwan, geheaw-an

kin, cynnkind, holdkind (nature), gecyndkindly, cirlice

kindness, mannjwa^rniskindred, cynrenking, cyning, drihten,dryhten,weald-

end; frea (poet.}

kingdom, cynedom, cynerice, rice

kinsman, mgegkinswoman, magekiss, cyssan

kiss, s., coss

kitchen, cycenekith, cySknave ; see boyknead, cnedan

knee, cneow

knife, seax

knightj see boyknit, cnyttanknock, cnucianknock against, hnftan

knoll, cnoll

knot, cnotta

know, cnawan, gecnaVan, cunnan,gecunnan, witan

;/ know, ic

wdt ; / know not, ic ndt

know, not to, nytanknow assuredly, tocndwan

knowledge, craeft

known, cut?, gecndwenknown, to make, cySan

labour, geswinclack, onsin

ladder, hlaeder

lade, hladan

lady, hla^fdige

lair, leger

lake, lagu, merelamb, lamblame, lama

lament, heofian, gnornian, rdrian

lamentation, heofung, gnornunglamp, leohtfast

land, land; (native), e^el

language, sprsec, gereord, ge>e6delank, hlanc

lap, bearmlarboard, baacbord

lark, Idwerce

last, ytemest, latest

last (to endure}, laestan

late, adv., late, siS

Latin, Iseden

laugh, hlihhan

laughter, hleahtor

law, gerihte, gesetnis, lagu ; (ofGod), 3e

lawfully, lahlice

lay, lecganlay down, dlecganlay low (make to sink), gesa=ganlay waste, dwdstan,

layman, lay, Icewed

lead, Isedan

LEAD

lead (metal], ledd

leader, heretoga, folctoga, healdend,

hedfodmann, raeswa (poet.}

leaf, leaf

leaky, hlece

lean, adj., hlaene

lean, v., hlaenan

leap, hledpanleap up, dhledpanlearn, leornian

; learn by enquiry,gefrignan, gedxian

learned, gelsered, wis

learner, leornere

learning, leornung, Idr

least, laest

leather, leSer

leave, Isefan ; (behind), laetan

leave, s., ledf

lee (shelter), hleowleech (physician), laece

leek, ledc

legion, werodlend, Khan, laenan

Lent (spring), lencten

less, laessa, adj.; laes, adv.-less (suffix), -lea's

lessen, trans, and intrans., gelyt-lian

lest, Sy" laes Se

let, laetan, forlsetan; let us, uton,

iv. inf.

letter, aerendgewritletters (writings'), stafas, pi.lewd (ignorant], laewed

lick, liccian

lid, hlid

lie (tell lies], leoganlie (lie down], licgan, gelicgan ; (lie

in waitfor], saetan

lief, Ie6f

life, Iff, gdst, blsed, feorh, ealdor,sdwul

life-days, lifdagas (pi.}

lifeless, ealdorleds, sdwulleas, or-

siwle

lift, hebban, dhebbanlight, s., Ie6ht

light (of weight], leoht

light (of brightness], leoht

lighten (make lighter], gelihtanlike, gelic, w. dat. ; onlfc

likeness, onlicnis, gelicnislikewise, swd samelimb, lim, liS, gesceaplime (for mortar], lim

litne-tree, lind

linden-tree or wood, lind

LYING

lineage, strengelinen, s., 1m ; ^'., linen

// (ring), hlence

lion, leo

/z/>, lippalist (edge of cloth}, list

listen, gehlystanlithe, Kfte

/////^, lytel

little, adv., lyt, lythwonlittle one, lytling

live, libban

livelihood, bigleofaliver, lifer

lo! Id!

load, v., hladan, gehlaestanloaf, hlaf

loam, Mm/^a, laen

loathe, IdSian, hatian

loathsome, Ids

lobster, lopystre/<?^, v., liican

lock of hair, locc

lodge, innian

lofty, stedp, uplic

long, langlong, adv., langlice

long ago, gefirn

long-lasting, langsumlook, locian, wlitan

loose (loosen], forlaetan, dli'san, on-

windan, onlatan

loquacity, oferspraeclord, hldford, helm, onwealda ;

hearra, fred (poet}', (the Lord],dryhten

lordly, dryhtlic

lore, Idr

lose, ledsan, forleosan, beleosan,w. instr.

loss, lyre

lost, to be, losian

lot, hlot

loud, hlud

loudly, hlude

louse, lus

lout (to bow down), lutan

love, lufe, lufu, myne, liss

love, v., lufian

lover, freondlow (as a cow}, hlowan

lukewarm, wlaec

lurk, liitian

lust, lust

-ly, -lie, -lice (for -lie, -lice)

lying (act nf}, leger

MAD

Mmad, w6dmadness, wodnis

magistrate, ealdormann

maiden, masgden, maeden

mail, coat of, herebyrne, herenett,

heresirce, liSusirce

main (strength), maegenmajority, heafodgerimmake, macian, scippan, wyrcanmaker, wyrhtamale, wsepnedmannmale-child, hysecild

malefactor, weargmallow, mealwemalt, mealt

man, mann, manna, ceorl, guma,wer, secg, scealc, magu, esne ;

also, eorl, rinc, aefteling (poet.)manhood (state of being a man),

menniscnis

manifold, manigfealdmankind, manncynmanner, wise

manners (morality), J>edwas, pi.

many, manig ; fela, w. gen.mar (to spoil), merran

march, steppanmare, meremark, mircels ; (ornament), rnsel

mark out, gemearcianmarriage, gifta (pi.) ; ae

marrow, mearhmarry, wifian

; geaewnian, w. dat.

marsh, mersc

marten, mearft

martyr, martyrmartyr, v., gemartyrianmartyrdom, martyrdommarvel, wundormarvellous, wundorlicmass (Lat. missd), ma^sse

;mass-

priest, maessepreostmassive, gretmast (of ship), masst, segelgirdmate (companion), gemacamaternal, modorlic

matins, uhtsangmature, to become, gen'pianmaw, magamay (to be able), mugan ; pres. ic

masg; pret. ic mihte; (may be

allowed), motan; pres. ic mot,

pret. ic mosteme, me", mecmead 'drink), medn, meodu

MIRACLE

meal (repast), gereordung, maelmeal (flour), melu

meal, to take a, sneedanmean (insignificant), wdc, w^clic

;

(disgraceful), heanmean (to intend), msenan

meanwhile, betwux Sisum

measure, gemetmeasure, v., metanmeat, mete

mediation, Jingungmediator, foresprecamedicine, lijecedom

meditate, )>encanmeed (reward), mddmeet, gemdtanmeeting, gemotmelody, swdg, swinsung, hleoSor

melt, meltan

member, lim

memorable, pancwirSe

memory, myne, gemyndmen, men ; also firas, niSas, ilde

(all poet.) ; see manmend, gebe"tan

merciful, milde, mildheort

mercy, mildheortnis, milts, milts-

ung, dr

mere (lake), mere, lagomerit, earnung, gewyrhtmermaid, merewif

merry, merg, blfSe

message, gebodscipe, aerende

messenger,boda, aarendraca, dr,byd-el

methinks, md >yncSmid, adj., midde

middle, middel

midge, mycgmidnight, middeniht

might, miht, meaht

mighty, mihtig, Jearlmodmild, milde, smyltemile, mil, milgemearcmilk, meolc

mill, mylenmind, mod, ge>anc, sefa, modsefa,

gewittloca, gehyge, hyge, hreSer;ferhS (poet.)

mindful, gemyndig, gemunmine, mmmingle, menganministration, >egnung, >enungminster, mynstermint (plant), mintemint (for money), mynetmiracle, tacen

MIRKY NEITHER

mirky, myrce, ]>e6stre

mirth, mirgfl

mischief, anda, yfel, unraed

misdeed, misdaed

miser, gitsere

misery, wracu, wrasc, irmftu

misfortune, ungelimp, ungesaelS, laS

mishap, ungelimpmist, mist, genipmistletoe, mistelta'n

misty, grow, genipanmixed, geblandenmoderate (small), msete, medmicelmoderate, v., gemetgianmoderation, gemetgungmoisture, waeta, stedmmole (a spot], malmoment, in a, bearhtme

monastery, mynstermonastic, mynsterlic, munuclicmonastic orders, munuchadMonday, monan-dsegmoney, feoh, feo, sceatt

money-changer, myneteremoneyless, feohleas

monger (chapman}, mangeremonk, munuc, mynstermannmonster, aglaaca, elwiht

month, monaCmood; see mindmoon, monamoor, mormorality, sidu

more, mdra ; adv., md;

muchmore, micle swiftor

morning, morgen, morgentfd ; (ear-

ly) uhte

morsel, snaed

mortal, deddlic

moss, meosmost, maest; most of all, eallra

swiSost

moth, moSSemother, modormotion, si'S

mould (earth), moldemound, hlaed, hlaew

mountain, beorg, muntmountain-stream, firgen-stre^m.

\Firgen only occurs in com-pounds.]

mourn, meornan, gnornanmourning, gnornungmouse, musmouth, mu$ ; (of a river], muSamove, styrian, dstyrian, hreran ;

(intrant.}, waeian

movement, power of, f^Se

mow, mdwanmuch, unlytel ; micle, TV. compara-

tives

multitude, menigu, heap, worn ;

(host) duguSmunificence, gumcystmurder, morS, morSor, mortJdaed,

cwalu, siege, mannsliht

murderer, bana, cwellere, morSor-

wyrhta, mannslagamurmur, murcnian ; (murmur at},

bemurcian

must, I, ic sceal; cf. ic m6ste

mutter, clumian

my, min

myrrh, myrremystery, run

Nnail, naegelnail, v., naeglian

naked, nacod

name, namaname, v., genamian, genemnan ;

(call by name), hdtan

nap (to slumber), hnaeppiannarrate, reccan, dwritan

narrative, racu, spell, gesetnisnarrow, nearu, enge, smael

narrowly, nearulice

nation, ]>eod, J>e6dscipe, leodscipe,maegS, dryht, dryhtfolc

native, landbuendenative land, cy$, cy^JSu, ^Sel

nature, gecyndnaught, ndwihtnave (ofa wheel), nafu

near, nedh, ne"h ; gehende, w. dat.

nearly, wel

nearly every, gewelhwilcneat (cattle}, nedt

necessary, nfdbe>earf

necessity, nfd, nfd]>earf

neck, heals, sweora; hnecca

need, nfd, nfd>earf, >earf

need, v., J>urfan, w. gen.need, I, ic )>earf, a/, gen.needle, na=dl

needy (in want), )>earfende

neglect, forlaetan, forgfmanneigh, hnaeganneighbourhood, neaVist, nedwest

neither, nlhwaeSer, n^hwaeSer, n w-Cer ; neither.,. nor, nd\vt5er ne...

ne

CAMPBELL

COLLECTION

NESS

ness (headland}, naess

nest, nest

net, nett

netherj see downwardsnettle, netele, netle

never, naefre

new, niwe

next, adv., set ne'hstan

nigh, nedh

night, niht

night, by, nihtes

nightingale, nihtegale

nightly, nihtlic

nine, nigonninety, hundnigontigninth, nigoSano, nd, nese; no one, ndn, nsenig

nobility, aeSelu

, s., asSeling

<?, aeftele, >ry$lic, torht, torhtmod,indryhten

nobly, weorSlice, wurSlice

noise, gebraec, breahtmnoise, to make a, hlydannone (no one], ndnnoon, non

north, norS, norSdsel

north,from the, norftan

north of, be norSan, w. dat.

northern, norSern

northward, norSeweard, norSweard,norSweardes

nose, nosu

not, nd, ne; neither...nor, ne...ne;~not at all, nawiht, nealles,

ndlaes, mid ndnum fingum ;

not only, nd Saet da

nothing, ndwiht

nourish, fe'dan

now, nu ; now that, nunowhere, ndhwaer

nun, nunne, mynecennut, hnutu

O

oak, dc

oats, dte

oar, dr

oath, dS

obedience, gehirsumnis0&y, gehirsumian, w. afe/.y folgian,

fyligan

obstinacy, fweorhnisobtain, begitan, geraecanoccasion, cirr, ssel, mael

occupied, pp., dbysgod

OVER

occupy (a country}, gesittan, geri'd-an

ocean, brim, holm, geofon, gdrsecgodour, stenc

of, of

off, of

offer, gebeddan; (offer sacrifice},offrian

offering, Idc

office, ambiht

officer, gereYa

offspring, ofspringoften, oft, gelome, gelomlice, ge-neahhe

oh! edld

oil, die

>/</, eald, unorne; gamol (poet.}

old age, ildu

on, on, uppon, ofer

once, dne siSe;

at once, recene,ricene

one, dn; (indef. pron.}, man

one of six, sixa sum<?/j/, dnga -not only, nd &et dn

onslaught, guSrses, beadurses

onwards, gegnum0/#, -z/., openian, ont^nan, onlucan

;

(forcibly], toslftan

open, openopenly, openliceopinion, domopportunity, rumopposite to, wiS, w. <//.

opposition, wiftersasc

oppress, gehefgian, ge>ryscanor, oSSe

orator, >yle

order, endebyrdnisornament, hyrst, gere"ne, wraett ;

(pi.}, fraetwa

ornamental, wraettlic

other, 6Ser

otherwise, elles

otter, otor

otter, belonging to an, yterenought, v., dhte

our, ure

out, ut, lite

<?/ <y, lit of

outer, litera, uttera

outlaw, utlah

outlawed, fdg

outside, ut, utan, utane, lite

outside, adj., uteweard, utanweardoutside of, witJutan, w. dat.; buton

oven, ofen

over, ofer

26

OVERCOME POETRY

overcome, ofercuman, oferwinnan,oferswfSan

overlaid (with gold], begotenoverrun (a country), gefaran, ofer-

ganoverthrow, ofweorpanoverturn, onwendanowl, ule

own, v., aganown, adj., agen, swses

ox, oxa

pain, weorc, sarnis, oncyS, angsum-nis

painful, angsumpaint (draw}, amsetan, atifran

pale, bide

pallor, blacungpalm-twig, palmtwigpan, panneparents, ildran

park, pearrucpart, dsel

partly, be sumum daele

partner, hlytta

pass (one's life), adreoganpassage, ofeffsereld

passion, hatheortnis

passionate, hdtheort

Path, pasS, stfg, geladpatience, gefyldpatient, ge>yldigpatriarch, heahfaeder

pavilion, geteld, traaf

pay, gildan

Payfor, gebdtanpayment, sceatt

peace, griS, freod, frift, sibb

peaceful, sibbsum, gesibbsumpeace-oath, friSaft

pebble, papolstanpeel, screadian

penetrate, ]>urh)>yrelian, J>urhwadanpenny, pening, penigPeople, >eod, cneoris, folc ; leoda,

PLpeople, belonging to the, folcisc

pepper, peporperceive, ongitan, gefre"dan

perfect, fullfremed

perfect, v., fullfremman

perform, fremian, w. ace., fremman,aefnan, raefnan, gelsestan, de6gan,begin

perhaps, huru

peril, >earf, fier

period, first, stund, ildu

perish, fonveorSan, forsi'Sian, losian

perjured, forsworen, forlogen

perjurer, manswaraperjury, aSbrycepermission, ledf, ge>afungpersecute, ehtan, oferfolgian

persecution, ehtnis, hete

persecutor, ehtere, hata, cirichata

person, mannpersuade, tyhtanperverse, wohlic, ]>weorh, wiSer-

weard

perversity, {>weorhnis

pestilence, steorfa

philosopher, liSwita

physician, laace

piece, stycce

pierce, >yrlian, stingan, >urhdrifan

pierced, >yrel

piercing, J>yrelung

piety, sefaestnis

pine, v., pinanpious, aefasst, godfyrhtpirate, wicing, saemann, seerinc,

brimmann, brimlfSend

pit, pytt, seaS

pitch, pic

pitcher, ore

pith, piSapity, v., ofhreowan, miltsian, arian

pity, milts, miltsung, ar

place, v., stellan, asettan, gelogianplace, steall, stede, stow

plain, wang, mearc

plant, s., plant, wyrtplant, v., plantianplay, plegaplay, v., plegian, lican

pleasant, wynnlic, wynnsum, he6re,

getaese

please, lician, gelfcian, w. dat.

pleased with, oflyst, w. gen.pledge, weddplight (danger), pliht

plot, v., sinvan

plough, v., erian

pluck, pluccianplunder, v., berfpan, w. gen.; rfpan,

reafian

plunder, hviS, reafungplunderer, reafere

poem, sangPoet, sc6ppoetry, leoSsang ; (art of), sang-

craeft

POINT

point, ord

poison, tor, dttor, unlybbapoisonous, atorbaere, setren, aettren

pomp, prasspoor, earm, unspe'dig, wanspe'dig,

hean

poor, to be, waedlian

poor man, waadla, Jearfa

pope, ppaPort, port

possess, agan, gedgan, healdan, ge-

wealdan, romigan (w. gen.)

possessions, sehta (pi), gestre6npossessor, weard

post, post

pound, pundpour out, geotan, dgeotanpoverty, waedl, irmSu

power, miht, meaht, geweald, on-

weald, crasft

powerful, rice, craeftig

praise, herung, lof

praise, v., herian, dfran, dyranpray, gebiddan, reflex,

pray for, biddan, w. ace. of pers.andgen. of thing

prayer, be"n, gebedpreach, bodian, TV. dat.

preaching, bodungprecious, deore, d^repredict, foresecgan

prepare, gearcian, gearwian, girwan,

ongirwanpresent, adj., andweard

preserve, nerian

press (throng), J>ringan

press hard, genearwianpretend, licettan

prevail, ricsian, rfxian

prevent, forwirnan

price, weortJ, wurS

prick, prician

pride, pry"te, mod, modignis, hyge,

gilp, basic, gal, gaelsa, galscipe,

oferhygd, oferm^de, ofermetto,ofermod

priest, preost, sacerd

prince, asSeling, ealdor, brego ;also

fengel, >engel, bealdor, leod, peod-en (poet.)

prison, cweartern, cluster

prisoner, rsepling

proceed, fdran

proclaim, acy"San

produce, forSbringan, tydran

progeny, tuddor, tudor, tedm

progress, forSgang

QUELL

promise, gehatpromise, v., behatan

proof (sign), b^hS

property, agen, seht, feoh, feo, ar

prophecy, witegungprophesy, wftegianprophet, witega, wftgaprophetess, witegestre

proportion, ondefn, andefn

prosper, spowan, impers. w. dat.

prosperity, edd, sasl

prosperous, eadigprotect, gebeorgan, mundbyrdan,

werian, gescildan, friSian, griSian

protection, griS, gescildnis, mund,mundbyrd

protector, helm, mundbora, vveriend,

geholaproud, modlic, mddig, ofermod,

priit, wlanc, hedlic

proverb, bigspell

Proverbs, book of, bigspellbocprovide, tilian, w. gen. of thing and

dat. ofpersonprovided that, witJ Sm Se

provisions, nest; (for a journey],wegnest

prudence, snotornis

prudent, gleaw, gledwhydig, ferhS-

gledw, snotor

psalm, sealm

psalmist, sealmscop, sealmwyrhtapsalter, sealtere

public, sebere

publicly, openlicepull, teon, bregdanpunish, wrecan, J>rdfian

punishment, wfte, wracu, morSor

purchase, s., ceappurchase (obtain), gewrixlianpure, unwemme, claane, hlutor, hliitt-

or, sifre

purify, claensian, gefaelsian

purity, claannis

purple, adj., paellen

push, sciifan, dsciifan, bescufan

put on, on don

put to sleep, dswebban

Qquake, cwacian

quarrel, v., fli'tan

quarter (direction), ende

quean, cwe'n

queen, cw^nquell, cwellan

28

QUENCH RESOUND

quench (fire}, acwencan

question, v., befrignan

quick, arod, snell; (living, alive),

cwic

quicken (vivify), geh'ffaestan

quickly, hraSe, hraedlice, snude, ard-

lice, timlice

quiet, s., stillnis

quoth, cwaeS

Rrace (kin), cynn, mennisc ; (lineage),

strenge ; (progeny), tedmrace (as in mill-race), raes

raid, rdd

rain, regenrain, shower of, regenscurrain, v., rinan

raise, hebban; (raise up\ dhebban

rake, s., raca, race

ram, ramm, romm ; (pattering-

ram}, rammrampart, weall

rank, s., aeftelu, gebyrd, hdd, ge-

fyngtto, ge>yncSrank, ofhigh, weorS, wirtJ

rank, adj., ranc

ransom, dlisan

rare, seldctiS, sellic

rash, wanh^digrather (sooner), hraSor

; he wouldrather, him leofre wses

ravage, hergian, forhergian, ofer-

hergian, (San

ravaging, forhergungraven, hraefn

raw, hredw

ray of light, leoma, scima

reach, gersecanread, raedan, drsdan

reading, raedungready, gearc, gearo, fiis

; ready to

depart, siSes fus

reap, ripan

reaper, rfpere

rear, draeran

receive, onfdn, w. gen., ace., or

instr.; underf6n ; (food], picganreck, r^can, meornanreckless, r^celeds

reckon, recenian, tellan

reconcile, gesdmanrecord, gemyndrecover (rescue), hreddanrecover (from disease}, gewirpan,gewyrpan

recovery (from trouble}, wirpered, redd

redeem, lisan, dlfsan

reed, hreodreek (vapour}, rdc

re-establish, geedstaSelian

reflect, smedgan, smean; bej'encan,

reflex.

refuse, forsacan, sceorian

refute, alecganregion, landscipereign, ricsian, rixian

reindeer, hrdn

reject, dcweSan

rejoice, faegnian, gefeohan, gebliss-ian

related, gesibbrelationship, sibb

relative, s., sibblingrelax, intr., t6sliipan

release, lisan, dli'san

relinquish, ofgifan, oflsetan

remain, restan, lifan, belifan, set-

standan

remains, Mfremedy, bot

remember, gemyngian ; gemunan(poet.}

remind, gemyngianremove, dfirran

rend, hrendan

render, dgifanrenew, geniwian, geedniwianreparation, b6t

repent, hreowsian, behredwsian,da=db^tan ; repent of (be sorry

for), ofyyncan, impers., w. dat.

ofpers. andgen. of thingrepents, it, hreoweS

repentance, hreowsung, daedbot

represent, getdcnianreproach, aetwftan, w. dat. ofpers.reproach, s., edwit

reproval, >redgung, >redung, ^edp-ung, }>redtung

reprove, >rdfian, fr^apian, J;redt-

ian, >redgan, >renrequest, b^n

requital, witJerledn

requite, gildan, forgildan, geledn-ian

rescue, hreddan, dhreddan

resist, forstandan ; wiSsettan, it).

dat., wiSstandan, w. dat.

resolute, dnrsed

resolution, dnraednis

resound, hlimman

29

RESPITE SAFE

respite, first

rest, rest

rest, v., restan

restless, unstille, waefre

restore, eft agifanrestrain oneself, stfran, re/I.

resurrection, serist

retainer, mann, maguj>egn, hfred-

mann, hiremann, geselda, dryht-guma

retainers, body of, folgoS, dryht,

duguSretreat, wiSertrod

return, eftsiS

return, v., cirran, reflex.; gehwirfan,intrans.

reveal, onhlidan, geopenianrevelation, onwrigennisrevenge, wracu

reverence, maaS

revile, leahtrian

reward, me"d, lean, edledn, wiSer-

lean

reward, i>., gelednianrhyme, rim

rib, ribb

rich, rice, eddig, spddig, weligriches, wela (often in pi. welan) ;

spe"d, blsed

rid, hreddan

riddle, rsedels

ride, ridan

rider, ridda

ridge, hrycgright (hand or side], swiSre

right, riht, adj. and sb.

righteous, rihtwis, rihtlic, rihtwislic

righteousness, rihtwisnis

rightly, rihte, rihtlice

rim, rima

rime, hrim

rind, rind

ring, bring, beagripe, ripe

ripe, to become, geripianrise, risan

;rise high, hlifian ;

rise as dust, stincan ;rise up,

upastigan ; (raise oneself},.rv-an, reflex.

rising (of the sun), upgangrisk, gene"San, w. instrum.

river, ea, 6, stream

river-bank, eastaeS

road, weg, strset ; see raid

roar, rarian

rod, reafian

robber, reafere

robbery, rearlac, stalu, strudungrobe, reaf, hrsegl, girla, wsed, ge-

wsede

rock, clud, stein

rocky, cliidig

rod, girdroe, rd

roll, wealwian, wealcan ; intrans.

windanrood, rod

roof, hrof

rook, hroc

room, rumroomy, rumroost (hen-roost], hrost

root, wyrt, wyrtrumaroot up, awyrtwalianrope, rap, sal

rose, rose

r0/, rotian

rough, hreoh, hreo, unsm^Seround about, ymbutanrow, s. (order], raw

row, v., rowan;

row round, be-

rowan

royal, cynelic ; royalfamily, cyne-cynn

rue, hreowanruin, v., amirran

ruined, forloren

rule, ncsian, rixian, wealdan, raedan

rule (dominion}, onweald ; (of con-

duct), regol

ruler, raedend, wealdend

rules, breach of, regolbrycerules, according to, regollice

ruminate, eodorcan

run, hleapan, irnan, beirnan, aern-

an;

run aground (of ships],cisittan

run away, asthleapanrune, run

rush, raes

rush, v., raesan

rust, rust

ruth, hreowS

sack, sacc, saecc

sacrifice, lac

sacrifice, v., offrian, blotan

sad, sar, sarig, sarlic, geomor, breo\v,

hreo, unrot, dreorigsaddle, sadol

sadness, dreorignis, unrotnis

safe (unbetrayed], unswicen

SAFETY SHEAR

safety, gebeorgsagacious, gescdchvfs

sagaciously, gescddwislice

sagacity, gescadwisnissail, segel

sail, v., segliansailor, lidmann, flota, flotmann

saint, halga, sanct

sake, intinga ;for his sake, for his

ffingum ; and see strife

sallow, salu

salmon, leax

salt, s. and adj., sealt

salute, hdlettan

salve (to anoint], sealfian

same, self; the same, ilca; and see

similarly

sanctuary, place of, friSstow, hdlig-nis

sand, sand

sap, saep

Saturday, sasternesdaeg

save, nerian, dhreddan, gebeorgansaviour, haelend, nergendsaw (a saying), sagu, cwide

say, secgan, cweSan, gecweffansaying, cwide, saguscarcely, unedtte, earfoSlice

scathe, sceSftan

scatter abroad, stre*dan

science, lar

scrape, scafan

scribe, bocere

scripture, gewritsea, sse, mere, mereflod, flot, holmsea-bird, brimfugolseal (animal], seolh, seol

seam, sedtn

sear (to wither up], forsedrian

seat, st61, setl

second, offer

secret, dime, dfgol

secretly, dfgollice

secular, woruldcundsecure (fasten), befaestan

secure, fasst

security, fasstnung, waer

sedge, secgsedition, stric

seduce, forspanansee, geseon, scedwian

; (perceive),ongitan ; see over, oferseon

seed, ssed

seek, se*can, feccan

seem, )>yncan, impers., w. dat.

seethe, seoffan

seize, fon, befon, niman, gelaecan

seldom, seldon

self, self

sell, sellan, cipan, c^-pan, becedpiansend, sendan, asendan ;

send for,ofsendan

;sendforth, onsendan,

laetan

sense, andgitseparate, syndrigseparate, v., totwseman ; separatefrom, getwaefan, w. gen.

sepulchre, Hcrest, moldaern

serf, )>rael

sermon, Idrspell

serpent, wyrmservant, ]>egen, j^eow, ]>e6\va, cnapa,

ambihtscealcservant (female), Si'nen, Seowenserve, >r6wian, ]>e6wan; J>egnian,

w. dat.

service, >e6wotdom, J>egenscipe,)>eg-

nung, ]>^nungservile, cirlisc

serving-man, >egnungmannservitude, }>e6wot, J>eowd6mset, settan ;

set down, settan ;set

forth (write), gesettan ; (to place),dstellan

settle (people), gesettan ; (intrans.),sittan

seven, seofon

sevenfold, seofonfeald

seventh, seofoSa

seventy, hundseofontigsevere, swiS, swMic, stiS, stiSlic,

J>earl, hefig, strang

severely, >earle, >earllice, straeclice,uns6fte

sew, siwian

shade, scua

shadow, scadu, sceadu, scua

shaft, sceaft; (handle), helf

shake, scacan, sceacan, dscacan,

cweccan, dcweccan; (wag), wag-

ian

shake off" (sleep), t6bredan

shall, I, ic sceal

shame, scamu

shamefully, bismerlice

shank, sceanc, sceanca, scanca

shape, scippanshare, scearu

sharp, scearp, scearplic, heard

sharpness, scearpnisshave, scafan

she, heo (cf. seo)

sheaf, scedf

shear, sceran

SHEATH

sheath, sceaS

shed, geotan ;shed tears, ageotan ;

(separate}, sceadan

shedding of blood, gytesheep, sceapsheep-fold, sce"pensheer; see brightsheet, sceat

shell, scell

shelter, hle6, sceat

shepherd, hirde

shew, e"wan, eowan, aeteowan, ge-tacnian

shield, scild, bord ; (poet.}, lind,rand

shield (protect}, ymbbeorganshilling, scilling

shin-bone, scinban

shine, scinan, blican, lixan

ship, scip, ceol, sesc, lid, mereheng-est

ships, to provide with, gescipianshire, scir

shoal (offish}, scolu

shoe, sco

shoot, sceotan ; shoot through,Jmrhsceotan

shooter, sceotend

shooting, scyteshore, staeS, ofer, strand

short, sceort

shot (arrow}, gesceotshot (reckoning}, gesceotshould, I, ic sceolde, ic scolde

shoulder, eaxl, sculdor

shove, scufan, asctifan

shower, sciir ; (of rain}, regenscurshred, screadian

shrew-mouse, screawa

shrift, scrift

shrine, scrfn

shrink up, forscrincan

shrive, scrifan

shroud, scrud

shun, onscunian

shut, scyttanshuttle (cf. A.S. scyttel, a bolt, bar)

sick, seoc, mettrum

sicken, gesiclian

side, side, healf; on this side of,

beheonan, w. dat.; on all sides,

Eeghwanon ; -from all sides, ge-hwanon

sieve, sife

sift, siftan

sigh, sican

sighing, sfcetung

SLIPPERY

sight, gesihSsign, tdcen, beacen

signification, getacnungsignify, getdcnian, secgansilent, to be, swigian ; sometimes w.

gen.silk, seolc

sill, syll

silly (cf. A.S. gescelig, happy]silver, seolfor; made of, silfren

similarly, swa samesimple, bilewit

simplicity, bilewitnis

simply, bilewitlice

sin, v., syngian, agyltan, scyldgiansin, synn, scyld, gylt

since, siSSan, Saes iSe, nii

sincere, inweard

sinful, synfull, forsyngodsing, singan, galan, asmgan, agalansingle, anlipe

sink, sigan, dsfgan ; (causal), senc-an

sinner, gyltendsister, sweostor, swustor

; pi. ge-sweostor

sit, sittan

six, six

sixth, sixta

sixty, sixtig

size, micelnis

skilful, fr6d

skilfully, listum

skill, craeft, list, searu

skin, fell

sky, swegel ; (poet.}, rodor

slack, sleac

slander, hoi

slaughter, siege, sleaht, wael, wa?l-

sleaht, waelsliht, fill; slaughter,

greedyfor, waelgifre

slave, >eowslay, slean, ofslean, fillan

slaying, sliht

sleep, sleep, swefen, swefn

sleep, slaepan, onslaapan, swefan,

hnaeppian ;fiut to sleep, asweb-ban

sleeplessness, slsepleast

slide, slidan (Somner}slight, gehwaedeslightly, hwonlice

slime, slim

sling, liSere

slink, slincan

slip off, awindan

slippery, slipor

SLIT- STARE

slit, slitan

sloe, sla (Lye)

slope, hlinian

sloth, dsolcennis

slow, slaw, last, saene

slumber, slumerian (Lye)

small, smael, msete, medmicel

smear, smerian

smirk, smercian

smite, smitan

smith, smift

smithy, smiSfte

smock, smocc

s'moke, v., smeocansmoke, prosm, re"c

smooth, sme"$e

snail, snaegl

snake, snaca, nsedre

snatch, gegrfpansneak (to creep], snican

snow, sndwso, swa ;

so much, to Sasm, to fces

soap, sapesock, socc

sodden, soden ; see seetJte

soft, softe, hnesc

soften, geliSian, gehnescian, onwaec-an

softly, softe, hnesclice

softness, hnescnis

same, sum, nathwilc; some one, sumsomething, hwaethwegusometimes, hwflum, J^ragumsomewhat, hwaet, hwon, hwdneson, sunu, masg, maga, magusong, sang, gidd, leo<5

soon, sona, hraedlic, lungre.; assoon as, sona swd

sooth (true, truth}, sd5

sooth, in, to so5e

sore, sar, adj. and sb.

sorely, sdre

sorrow, sorg, s4r

sorrow, -u., sorgian

sorrowful, sorgfull

sorry, sarig

soul, sdwul

sound, s., son, hleoSor, sweg,bearhtm

sound (healthy), gesund, onsundsound (unhurt), gesund, gesundfullsound of the sea, sundsoundness (health), onsundnissour, siir

south,from the, suOansouth of, wiS suSan, w. ace.

southern, suOerne

south part,southward, adj., suSeweard

southwards, suS

sovereignty, ealdord6msow, sawan, sprengansower, sdwere

space, r^met; (of time\ faac, first

spacious, rum, ginnspare, sparian

spark, spearcasparrow, spearwaspeak, sprecan, specan, cweSan,

maelan, maSelian, hleoSrian

spear, spere, gar, franca, daroS,

waelsteng; (poet.\ aesc; spear-

point, ord

spear-shaft, asscholt

special, synderlic

specially, synderlice

speech, spraec, maal, cwide, cwide-

giddspeechless, cwideleas

speed (success], sp^dspellj see narrative

spend, forspendanspew, spiwanspillj see destroy

spin, spinnanspindle, spindelspirit, gstspiritual, gcistlic

spit, spittan, spyttansplendid, wrasttlic

splendidly, wraettlice

sponsor, godsibbsport, v., laxan

spread abroad, intrans., aspringanspring (Lent), lencten

spring, springanspringforth, onspringanspring up, aspringansprinkle, sprengansprinkle over, geondsprenganspurn, spurnan (Somner), spornettansquare, feowerscite

stab, >^dan ;stab to death, ofsting-

an

staff, staef

stain, wammstained, fdg, fdh

stake, staca, stocc, stengstall (for cattle), steall, sce*pen

stand, standan ; (up), astandan;

(still], dSstandan

star, steorra, tungolstarboard, steorbord

stare, starian

33

STARK SWALLOW

stark (severe, rough), stearc

starve; see die

state (condition), hadstature, waestm

stay (remain}, wunian

stead, stael, stede

steadfast, stedefaest

steal, stelan

steal along (move noiselessly), be-

stelan

steam, stedm

steed, stdda

steel, stfl

steep, stepsteeple, stdpel, sty"pel

steer, stiran

stem (trunk}, stemn

stench, stenc

step, steppansterility, unwaestm

stern, adj., stirne, stirnmdd

stick, stocc

stiff, stiS

stile, stfgel

still, adj., stille; adv., git, nu git,

Sa git, forS

stillness, stillnis

sting, stinganstink, stincan, reocan

stir, styrian, hrdran

stirrup, stigrapstock (stick], stocc

stone, stan

stone, made of, stsenen

stone to death, oftorfian

stone-wall, stanweall

stony, stseniht

stoolj see seat

storm, storm, unweder, hrftJ

storm, v., styrmanstory, spell, stabr

stout-hearted, swfSm6dstraight on, on gerihtestrand, strandstrand (a ship}, beebbian

strange, fremde, elfremede, aelfrem-

ede, sellic; (unrelated to}, un-

gesibbstraw, stredw

stream, stredm

street, straet

strength, strengu, maegen, J>rySu,

J>rymm, eafoS

strengthen, trymian, trymmanstrengthening, trymmungstretch, streccan, J>enian; astreccan

(reflex.}

strew, stredwian

strife, strfS, gewinn, sacu

strike, slean ; (off}, ofasledn ; (down},geslean

strip of, bestrfpan, w. gen.stroke, sweng, dyntstroke, v., strkcian

strong, strang, stranglic, strenglic,

stiS, trum, swf5, dyhtig, J>yhtig,

>ry3lic ; (poet.}, eacen

subject, v., underj>eodan

subjection, underj^eodnissucceed (prosper}, spowan, impers.

w. dat.

success, forSgang, spddsuccessor, aeftergenga

such, swilc, Silc

such a one, swilc

stick... as, swilc...hwilc

suck, sucan

suckle, gesycansuddenly, fasringa, faerlice

suffer (endure}, >olian; (feel pain],]>rowian, cwilmian; (allow}, ge->dfian

stiffering, ]?rowung

suffice, genyhtsumiansuffices, it, geneahsitfficiency, genyhtsumnissufficient, genyhtsumsuit, v., gedafeniansuitable, gerisenlic, gelimplic, ddflic

sully, besylian

sulphur, swefl

sulphurous, sweflen

summer, sumor

summon, bannan, gelangian, gelaS-

ian, ofsendan, stefnian

sun, sunne

sunbeam, sunnbedmSunday, sunnandaegsunderj see apartsundry, syndrigsup, siipan

supply (stock), onsteall ; (material},feorm

support, aberan

surface, brerd ; (of the earth}, scedt

surge, brimwilm, ytJ

surround, begdn, behringan, be-

windan; (ride round), beridan ;

(a town), utan besittan

survey, sceawian

surveying, sceawungsustenance, bigwist, bigleofa, fostor

swain, swdnswallow (bird}, swealwe, swalewe

34

SWALLOW THOUGHTFUL

swallow, swelgan, w. instrum.

swan, swanswarm, swearmswarthy, sweart

swear, aswerian

sweat, swat

sweep away, forswapansweet, swe"te

sweetness, swe'tnis

swell, swellanswellgreatly, toswellan

swift, swift

swim, swimmanswimming, sund

swine, swin

swinge (beat], swinganswoon, swimasword, sweord, swurd, seax, me'ce,

heoru, heoruwsepen, bill, hilde-

bill, wigbill ; (poet.}, brand, beadu-leoma

sword-stroke, sweordgeswing

table, beod, bordtail, steort, taegl

take, niman, fon, gefeccan ; away,animan ; aetbregdan, w. dat.j

(a city}, abrecan ; (asfood], >icgantale (story), getasl

tame, tarn

taper (candle), tapertar, teru

tart (acrid}, teart

teach, t?ecan, Iseran

teacher, ldre<5w

teamj see progenytear, s., tear

tear, v. teran, slftan ; asunder,t6teran

tease, tsesan

teem, ti'man

tell, secgan, dsecgan, gec)'$an ; see

reckon

temperance, forhaefednis

tempest, gewidertemple, tempeltempt, fandian

temptation, costungtempting, fandungten, tin, tyntender, tydretent, geteld, teld, biirgeteld, traef

tenth, te6Saterm of military service, stefn,stemn

terrible, gryrelic, atol

territory, e"$el

terror, gryre, broga, <5ga

test, cunnian, gecunnian, dfandian

testimony, gewitnisthan, Sonne, w. comparativesthane, J>egen

thank, v., Jancianthanks, >anc ; (thanks to God},Codes ]>ances

that, Saet, Saette, Se;

in order that,for 6am Saet

thatch, s., paec

thaw, fawanthe, se (m.\ seo (/.), Soet (.)the. . .the (with comparatives], swl. . .

swd.

the greater, 8^ mara (correlatively)

thee, %, Sec

theft, >ifS

their, hira

them, hi, hig (ace.} ; him (dat.)

then, Sonne, Sa, Saar

thence, Sanon; (from that cause},Saes

there, Saer

therefore, y, for 8^, for Sdmthese, Sis

they, hi, higthey were..$3S.t waeron...

thick, >icce

thief, >eof, sceaSa

thigh, >eohthin, >ynnethine, Sin

thing, >ing, wiht, wuht

think, >encan, hycgan, gemyntan ;

of, J>encan ; about, hogianthird, Jiridda

thirst, v., >yrstanthirst, J;urst

thirty, }>ritig, |>rittig

thirtyfold, J?ritigfeald

this, Ses

thistle, J)istel

thither, Sider, Siderweardes, Sider-

weard, Saar

thong, Jnvangthorn, >ornthose, Sd

thou, Sii

though, Seah, S^h; though...yet,

thought, ge>6ht, J?anc, gej>anc, mod-

gepoht, modge>anc, innge>anc,

gehygdthoughtful, >ancol, >ancolmod

35

THOUSAND TRUSTY

thousand, Jmsendthousands, in, J>usendmselumthrall, )>rael

thrash, ]>erscan

thread, J>ra=d

threat, beot

threaten, fredgan, redn, J>redtian

threatening, )>redgung, )>redung

three, )>reo, J>rf, fry

thresh, ferscanthrice, friwathrill; see piercethroat, >rotu

throne, stol, setl, cynesetl, frymm-setl

throng, gefrang, meniguthrong, v., J>ringan

through, >urh

throughout, Jmrh, geondthrow, weorpan, wurpan, beweorp-an

; away, dweorpan [)>rdwan=

thumb, >umathunder, JmnorThursday, Jmnresdaegthus, Sus

tile, tigele

/z'//, 77., tilian

timber; see buildingtime, tid, tima, hwil, mael, stund,

frag; (occasion), sael, cirr;//OT^ (space of), fee -from timeto time, stundum

; (how manytimes), sift

;at no time, ndhwser

time, wrong (unsuitable season),untima

tin, tinn

tinder, tyndertired) m^Se, wdrigto, to

/^a^, tdde

to-day, to daeg^^, td

together, togaedere, aeigaedere, on

geador, aetsomne, endemes, sam-od

toil, earfoS, geswinc/^//, winnan

token, tdcen, tdca

^//, toll

tomb, byrgentongs, tange (//. tangan)tongue, tunge^o, to

tool, tol

/<?/, topp, copptouch, hrepian, hrfnan

tough, toh

torment, wite, susl, tintreg

torment, v., wftnian, tintregian

towards, toweard, ongedn, ong^n ;

togednes, w. dat.; wiS, w. dat.,

ace., or gen.; towards heaven,wiS Saes heofones weard

tower, stipel

town, tun

track, spor, gang, lst, swaaS, swaftu

track, to make a, spyriantraitor, waerlogatransform, forscippantransitory, hwilwende, hwflwendlic,

laene

translate, wendan, dwendan, drecc-

an

translater, wealhstod

trappings, geraade, hyrst

travel, faran, dfaran

traverse, geondfaran, geondhweorf-an, geondldcan, oferfaran, ofer-

gdn, Jmrhfaran, ]>urhirnan, tredan,.metan

treacherous, lytig, swicol, fdcenfull

treacherous, to be, swician

treachery, ungetreowS, facen, searu,searucraeft

tread, tredan

treason, hlaTordswice

treasure, goldhord, hard, hordfet,

sine, matSum, mddmtreaty, waer

tree, treow, bedra

tremble, bifian

trespass, forwyrcan, reflex.T dgyltaatrial, fandungtribe, maegft, cneoris

tribute, gafol, sceatt, nidgild

trick, vvrenc

trim (strengthen), trymmantrinity, >rfnis

troop, fSa, flocc, gemang, hedpr

hloS, gefylce, geti-um, getruma,sweot, >redt, werod, worn ; by

troops, floccmaelum

trouble, s., gedr^fednis, bysgu, ge-

winn, wedtroubled, gedrefedtrough, trog, troh

true, soft, soSfest, treowe, riht;

(faithful), trywetruly, soSlice

trust (in), treowian, trawian, w. dat.

trusty, gecost

TRUTH

truth, soft, soSfaestnis, treowft

try, fandian, afandian

tub, cyfu

Tuesday, Tiwes daeg

tumult, gebland, gewinntun, tunne

tunic, tunece

turbid, to become, drusian

turf, turf

turn, wendan, awendan, cirran,

gehwirfan, gehweorfan ; (become),wendan

; intrans., windan

turn, itij wrixendlice

tusk, tusc, totJ

twain, twegen (masc.)

twelfth, twelfta

twelve, twelf

twenty, twentigtwice, tuwa

twig, twigtwin, getwisa ; twins, getwinnetwine, twin

twinkle, twinclian

twist, windan, >rawantwit, astwftan, edwitan

two, twegen, masc., twa, fern, andneut.

type, get^cnung

Uudder, uder

unallowed, unalifed

unanimous, anmodunanimously, anmodlice

unawares, on ungearweunbaptized, ungefullodunbelief, ungeleaffulnis

unbelieving, ungeleaffull, geleafledsunburnt, unforbasrned

uncle, earn

unconsciously, ungewissesuncouth; see unknownuncover, onwreon, onwriSan ; (un-

wind], unwindan

undefended, firdleas

undefiled, ungewemmed, unwemmeunder, under, w. dat. and ace.

understand, ongitan, oncnawan, for-

standan, understandan

understanding, gewittunhappiness, ungesaeltJ

unhappy, ungesaeligunhealthy, wanhalunite (draw together), gednlaecanunity, annis

unknown, unciitJ

VILIFY

unlawful, unalifed

rtnless, nemne, nefne, buton

unlike, ungelicunlock, onliican

unmindful, ungemyndigunopposed, unbefohten

unreasoning, ungewittig

unrighteousness, unrihtwisnis

unsold, unbeboht

unstable, tealt

unsuitable, ungerisenlic

unsuitably, ungerisenlice

until, 6ft, usu. w. ace.

until, conj., 6fS Sset, 69

unworthily, unweorSlice

up, up ; adv., uppeupon, onufan, w. dat., onuppan,w. dat.; uppon, w. dat. and ace.

upwards, upus, us

use, notu, nyttuse, v., briican, w. gen.; neotan,

w.gen.; use up (consume),genot-ian

used to, to be, willan

useful, nyttwirSeuseless, unnytt, idel

usual, gewunelicutility, nytt

uttermost, ^temest

vaguely, unfaestlice

vain, idel;

in vain, on idelnisse

vale (open broad valley), slaed

valley, denu, dael

valour, dryhtscipevane, fana

vapour, stedm, >rosmvariegated, fdh, fdgvarious, mislic, mistlic, missenlic,

syndrigvat, faet

venerable, dnveorSventure on,

verily, soSlice

verse, fers

vertebra, bdnhringvery, swiSe, for, full, Dearie ; very

old, oreald

vessel, fast, faetels, cyfu, cylle

vice, uncyst, unsidu, un)eawvictorious, sigefasst, sigoreddigvictory, sige, sigor, hre"3

vigorously, stranglice

vilify, hirwan, bismerian

VILLAGE WELKIN

village, tun, castel

vineyard, wingeardviolate, tobrecan

violence, nid

violent, hetelic, hetol, hsest

violently, hetelice

virgin, masgden, mseden, maegS,faemne ; (poet.), me6wle

virginity, maegShadvirtue, cyst, mgegen, arfaastnis

virtuous, cystig, arfaest

visible, gesinevisit, se"can ; nedsan, TV. gen.visitation, neosungvital, liflic

vixen, fyxenvoice, stefn, stemn, gereordvoluntarily, selfwilles

Wwade, wadanwag, wagianwaggon, waegnwailing, Jjotertmg

wainj see waggonwait, andbidian ; for, onbidan

;

bidan, w. gen.; upon, folgian

wake, wacanwalk, wealcan

wall, weall, wahwallow, wealwian

wall-stone, weallstdn

walrus, horshwasl

wan, warmwander, scri'San, wandrian

"wandering, adj., waefre

wane, wanian

wanton, galmod, galferhSwantonness, gaelsawar, wig, winn, gewinn, giiS, hild,

heaSu,sacu,orlege,unfritJ ; (poet.),beadu

ward, weard

war-expedition, heresift

war-horn, guShornwarily, waerlice

warm, wearmwarn, gewearnianwarning, wearnungwarning, to take, warnian, reflex.

warrior, guma, cempa, wiga, wig-end, oretta, dreng, freca, hyse,

garberend, sceotend, guSfreca,

guSrinc, heafturinc ; herewaefta,

hildedeor, hilderinc, waepenwiga,beadurinc, firdrinc, lindhaebben-

de, lindwigend, randwiga, rand-

wfgend, folcwiga, hagusteald-

monn, sweordfreca, waslwulf ;

(poet.), byrnwiga, byrnwfgend,rinc, haele, haeleS, beorn, eorl,

>egen, secgwar-song, hildeleoS, guSleoSwary, waer

was, wass

wash, fweahan, J)wein, ajnvean,wacsan

wasp, waeps, wespwaste, w^ste

waste, to lay, w^stan, aw^stan

watch, s., weard

watch, wseccan; intrans., wac-

ian; over, eahtian

watchful, wasccende

water, waeter, laguwave, waeg, waSum, ^3wax, s., weaxwax (to grow), weaxan

way, wegway, to clear a, gerymanwayfaring, wegfarendewe, we"

weak, wdc, untrum, wanhal, un-

mihtigweak, to become, wacian

weaken, gelifan

weakness, uncraeft, untrumnis ;

weakness of mind, wacmodnisweal; see wealth

wealth, wela (often in pi. welan).

wealthy, weligwean, wenian

weapon, waepenwear, werian

weary, we"rig, me"Se

weasel, wesle

weather, weder

weave, wefan

web, webbwed; see pledgewedge, wecgWednesday, Wodnesdaegweed, weodweeds (garments), wseda, pi.

week, wicu, wucuween, we"nan

weep, we"pan, re6tan, greotan, graetan

weeping, wopweevil, wifel

weigh, waeganweird; seefatewelkin (sky), wolcen

WELL WITHIN

well, s., willa

well, wel, tela

Welsh, Welsc

wen, wennwend; see turn

went, code

were, wseron

west, west

west,from the, westanwest of, be westan, w. dat.

west quarter, westdael

westwards, westlang, westweard,west

west wind, westanwind

wet, wset

wet, v., waetan

wether, weSer

whale, hwael

whale-fisher, hwaelhunta

whale-fishery, hwaelhuntaS

what, hwaet, hwilc

wheat, hwaete

wheel, hweol

wheeze, hwsesan

whelk, weoic

whelp, hwelpwhen, hwanne, hwaenne, Caer, t6

Saes Se ; (when that), S Sa, midSam Se, mid Sy

when... then, Sonne...Sonne, Sa...Sd

whence, hwanonwhere, hwaer, hwar, Sser

wherefore, for hwywherever, swd hwider sw

/^/, hwettan

whether, hwaeSerwhether.. .or, sam...sam

whey, hwaegwhich, hwilcwhich of the two, hwaeSer

whichever, swat hwaeSer swawhile, Senden

while, s., hwil

whilst, Sd hwfle Se

whine, hwinan

whirlpool, wasl

whisper, hwisprianwhistle, hwistlian

whit, wiht

white, hwft, bide

u'/iither, hwider, hwaer, Sasr

whithersoever, swd hwider swdw/w, Se, se tfe, se ; hwa ?

whoever, swd hwilc swdwhole, hal, onsundwhoop, hwopanwhose, hwas

w/y, hwy, hwaet

wicked, lySre, manfull, fracod, in-

widd, arleas

wickedly, arleaslice, manfullice

wickedness, yfel, yfelnis, manwide, wid, sid, ginnwidely, wide, side

widely known, widcuS

widen, gerymanwidow, widuwe, wuduwewield (a weapon), wealdan

wife, gebedde, wif

wight, wiht

wild, wilde

wilderness, we*sten

wile, wile

will, s., willa, gewill ; of one's ownwill, selfwilles; against his will,his un>ances

willingly, georne, geornlice, lustlice

willingness, willsumnis

willow, wilig

win, gewinnan ; (by fighting), ge-feohtan

wind, s., wind

wind, windan

windy, windigwine, win

wing, feSer

wink, wincian

winnow, windwianwinsome (pleasant), wynnsumwinter, winter

wire, wfr

wisdom, wfsdom, snotornis

wise, wis, witig, snotor, frod, raed-

faest, hygeCancelwise, s. (way), wisewise man, wita, witega, witgawish, willa

wish, v., willan, wyscan ; for, hog-ian, w. gen., gelystan, impers.w. ace. ofpers. andgen. of thing

wish, not to* nyllanwit, s., gewittwit (to know), witan

witch, wicce

with, midwither, forweornian, forseoSan

withhold, forhealdan ; gestiran, w.dat. ofpers. and gen. of thing;ofteon,w. instrum. ; wirnan, wyrn-an, w. gen. (and also w. dat. ofperson)

within, oninnan, w. dat., wiSinnan,w. dat.; adv. (also as prep. w.

dat.), innan, binnan

39

WITHOUT ZEAL

without, wiSutan, w. dat.; buton,w. dat.

witness, gewitnis, gewitawoad, wd.d

woe, wd (exclamation]woe, wed.

woe, sign of, wedtdcen

woe, tidings of, weaspell

wolf, wulf

woman, wff, wifmann; (poet.}, ides

womb, innoS ; (belly), wambwander, wundorwonder at, v., wundrian, w. gen.

wonderful, wundorlic

wont, to be, gewunianwonted, gewunelicwoo, wogianwood, treow ; (forest}, wudu, holt,

holtwudu, weald

wool, wull

word, wordwork, weorc

work, v., wyrcanworker, wyrhtaworld, middangeard, woruld ;

cir-

cuit of the, ymbhwirftworldly, woruldlic

worm, wyrm, maSaworse, to become, wirsian

worse, wirsa

worship, s., weorSung, wurSungworship, weorSian, wurSian

worst, wirst

wort, wyrtworth, s., weorS, wurS ; dugutJ

worth, to be, duganworthy, weorS, wirS

wot, I, ic wdtwould, I, ic wolde

wound, wund, dolg ; (poet.}, benn

wound, forwundian, gesdrgianwounded, dolgwund, wundwoven, gebrodeuwreak, wrecan

wreath, wra^S

wren, wrsenna

wrench, wrencan

wrest, wrffistan

wretch, poor, earming

wretched, earm, earmlic, wraecfull

wretchedly, earmlice

wright (worker], wyrhtawring, wringanwrist, wrist

write, wrftan

writer, writere1

writhe, wriSan

writing, gewritwrong, unriht, wrang, unrihtlic,

wrangwiswrong, s., unriht

wroth,

wrought (did work], worhte

yard (court}, geardyard (measure}, gerdyarn, gearn

yea, gedyear, gedr, ge"r ; (in reckoning time},

winter

yearn, gernanyeast, gist

yell, gylian

yellow, geolo

yelp, gelpanyes, gese, gise

yesternight, gistran niht

yet, Sedh, Seh, ffedhhwaeftere, ge"n ;

(w. neg.}, git

yew, iw

yield, sellan ; up, linnan, w. in-

strum. [gildan = to pay]yake, geocyolk, geolcayore, of, gedrayore, days of, firndagas, gedrdagasj

formeryears, firngear

you, eow

young, geong, unweaxen

your, eower

youth, geoguS ; {young man}, hyse

zeal, anda, el.len, ellenwodnis

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

AN

ENGLISH-ANGLO-SAXON

VOCABULARY.

COMPILED BY

THE REV. WALTER W. SKEAT, ALA.

KLKINV.TON AM) IJOSWORTH PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON.

PRINTED FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION ONLY.

(Eambrtogt :

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

1879

CQ ro

CO

Skeat, W.W.

An English-Anglo-Saxonvocabulary.

PE

279

PO'OF '

Tc>