an energy crisis is any great shortfall (1)

8/2/2019 An Energy Crisis is Any Great Shortfall (1)

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Energy prices in Pakistan are Increasing constantly, making evident the need for alternative energy sources .Several methods to produce power have been developedas alternatives energy sources to produce burning fuel ,Electricity ,By-Products etc.Several Methods have been developed as alternatives to burning petroleum, such assolar energy generation, but these processes have not been successfullyimplemented in Pakistan because of high initial costs and the inability to produce

resources at a cost lower than the current value.

Over the last thirty years, Asia has become a major player on the global scene. Many economies have become tigers while China and India are developing more rapidly than anyone had expected. Because of these developments, electricity demand isexpected to increase 8% every year until 2015. As the world wakes up to the reality of climate change, electricity will increasingly have to come from renewable sourcessuch as wind and solar. Pakistan is in a good position to exploit these because it hasabundant wind and sun. This article will look at this potential, the barriers that exist to further development and of course reasons why it must follow the course to agreener energy future.

An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy resourcesto an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources.

The crisis often has effects on the rest of the economy, with many recessions beingcaused by an energy crisis in some form. In particular, the production costs of electricity rise, which raises manufacturing costs.

For the consumer, the price of gasoline (petrol) and diesel for cars and other vehiclesrises, leading to reduced consumer confidence and spending, higher transportationcosts and general price rising

The most notable alternative energy sources available to us are nuclear , hydro , solar ,wind , wave power

HYDERO ENERGY

hydro energy is simply energy that is taken from water and converted to electricity.Hydro energy can be obtained by using many methods of capture. The most commonmethod of using energy from water is a hydroelectric dam, where water coming downthrough an area causes turbines to rotate and the energy is captured to run agenerator. Power can also be generated from the energy of tidal forces or wavepower, which uses the energy created by waves.

WIND ENERGY

When the Earth is irradiated by the Sun the ground absorbs some of this radiation. This heated ground warms the air above it. Hot air rises in what are called convectioncurrents.The uneven heating of the earth's surface causes winds. Renewable energy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydro_energy


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from the wind has been used for centuries to power windmills to mill wheat or pumpwater. Nowadays, large wind turbines are used to generate electricity. The blades of these wind turbines are about 30 metres long. Wind turbines are collected together inwind farms.

A 20-turbine wind farm can generate enough electricity (about 1MW) for a small town. Turbines can produce between 500kW and 1MW of electricity.

WAVE ENERGY

Ocean is one of the most tremendous sources of energy available on the face of earth. Wave is the interference produced within any medium like wind or water. Whenwind blows it generates waves on the surface. The tendency of producing waves isdifferent in different parts of the world (in different times of the year) depending uponthe speed of wind, the circumference, the temperature, and several other measures.

There are spots where wind blows 24 x 7 and where waves generate round the clock.

At other places the flow of wind is not much consistent thus the wave production doesnot move smoothly.

Solar power

is electricity generated from the levels of natural energy contained within the sunsrays also known as solar radiation. The sun has been in existence for billions of years.Everyday, the sun shines down on our earth, shooting its solar energy in our

direction. This solar energy is commonly known as solar radiation, and contains a

significant amount of energy we are able to harness. The suns rays contain photons. These photons are capable of transforming electrons into conduction electrons, whichmeans they are able to carry an electrical charge. The solar panels are made of asemi-conductive material, the most common material is silicon.When photons(contained within the suns rays) hit the solar cells, the electrons absorb this solarenergy, transforming them into conduction electrons.The more solar cells containedin a solar panel, or solar array, means the more output you will receive.

The lowering in efficiency is down to two main factors and they are; that the cell isnot working to its full potential, the second factor is when the electrons release heat,the panel also becomes warm, interfering with other aspects of the solar cells.Quality

cells are also a major factor in efficiency. If you purchase more expensive naturalenergy technologies, you are more likely to have a more efficient cell.Another factorwhich affects solar panel efficiency is location. Obviously nearer the equator, you willreceive a slightly better output with a given cell, but solar cells should always befacing the direction of the sun, and have no objects blocking the suns rays.

It is really amazing that from natural energy sources, we can able to produceelectricity that will be useful to our homes and businesses. It is a wise thing to


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understand and develop all natural energy sources as a solution to manyenvironmental problems and by utilizing solar energy, it can be a solution to a higherelectric bill consumption that we are experiencing nowadays.

Nuclear energy

Nuclear energy originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process calledfission. At the power plant, the fission process is used to generate heat for producingsteam, which is used by a turbine to generate electricity. Nuclear power stations workin pretty much the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except that a "chainreaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead. The reactor uses Uraniumrods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission: neutrons smash into thenucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in theform of heat. Carbon dioxide gas or water is pumped through the reactor to take theheat away, this then heats water to make steam.

The steam drives turbines which drive generators. Modern nuclear power stations usethe same type of turbines and generators as conventional power stations. In Britain,nuclear power stations are often built on the coast, and use sea water for cooling thesteam ready to be pumped round again. This means that they don't have the huge"cooling towers" seen at other power stations.

The reactor is controlled with "control rods", made of boron, which absorb neutrons.When the rods are lowered into the reactor, they absorb more neutrons and thefission process slows down. To generate more power, the rods are raised and moreneutrons can crash into uranium atoms.

RNAKING DIFFERENT PROJECTS

hydro solar wind nuclear wave power

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http://www.scienceonline.co.uk/energy/renewable-energy.html are, , , ,
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an energy crisis is any great shortfall (1)

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