Management Science

An Emphasis on Planning: The "Calculating" Era (1950 - 1970)OUTLINE1. Introduction 2. Three Different Subfields that Aids in managerial Planning and Decision making.Management ScienceSystem TheoryContingency TheoryHow It Evolved?2 needs during World War 2- to improve industrial productivity to aid war effort.- to develop new techniques to manage the war effort. SYSTEMS ANALYSISAssembled mathematicians and physicists to analyze:compositionsroutesprobable location speed of Nazi submarineSYSTEMS ANALYSISThen later, SYSTEMS ANALYSIS was used to solve much complex problems.

Simple: Intuition, straightforward mathematics or simple experience.Lessons learned from this military activities were later adapted and applied to managing civilian organizations.

Ex. 1. deploying troops and submarines2. locate plans3. design warehouse

MANAGEMENT SCIENCEIt is science of studying techniques in management.It is the study of management. It uses mathematics, statistics and other methods in doing management.7OPERATIONS RESEARCHIt is a part of management science by performing a research through mathematical model building.Management science can be divided to two smaller parts called the operation research and operation management.8OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT It is where quantitative techniques are use in aiding the managers performance in result to better production. TECHNIQUESBreak-even analysisForecastingInventory modelingLinear programmingSimulationsSYSTEM THEORYDraws attention to the complexity of managing organizations and in particular of the need for managers to look beyond their organizational boundaries.It is the study of management. It uses mathematics, statistics and other methods in doing management.11CLOSED SYSTEMView looks at managing activities as though the organization were a: self-contained self-sufficient unit

The focus is on activities within an organization's boundaries.Emphasizes the organization's place within the larger environmentOPEN SYSTEM Occurs when two or more systems are successful working together than they are working independentlySYNERGYThe natural tendency for a system to fail because it is unable to acquire the inputs and energy it requires to surviveENTROPYCONTINGENCY THEORYThe ability of the leader is contingent upon different factors and situations they are in. It is the study of management. It uses mathematics, statistics and other methods in doing management.16History:The contingency theory was based on two reaserches about what makes an effective leader. The ohio university sent out quistionars about leadership in various kinds of situations. There were many types of leaders identified through the results, but there were two behaviours found in the results that show effectiveness as a leader:1) consideration a leader must have a good relationship and concern about his employees2) initiating structure a leader must create roles, goals and systems to ensure that employees do their tasks

history:The same research was conducted at Michigan and the results were similar. The most effective leadership behaviours were relation-oriented and task oriented. These researches suggested that webers bureaucracy and taylors scientific management have failed due to not considering that organizational style and management structure was greatly affected by the working environment and different situations.Company contingienciesTechnologySuppliers and distributorsConsumer interest groups Customers and competitorsGovernmentUnionsBased On:Preferred leading styleBehavior of the people they are handlingEven the working condition they are placed in. This theory states that there is no real favorable style of leading because the leading style for a certain situation may not be as effective once used in other situations.

Bounded Rationality Mechanistic Structure Tegic Choice Theory Dominant Coalition IndustryMEMBERSIsabel Laohoo 11347597Justin Micoh Tiu 11207957Arriane Marie Amoroso 11353678Albert Philippe Calvelo 11208074Justin Brendan Lim Yu 11303344Leonardo campos po - 11200618