An Emerging An Emerging New NationNew Nation

Chapters 7, 8 and 9Chapters 7, 8 and 9

Advancing the Culture of Advancing the Culture of the New Nationthe New Nation

Increased prosperity meant that more Americans had the time to devote themselves to scholarship and art. •Education

• A way to develop a rich and uniquely American culture.• Public schools few state governments provided

•Republican Virtues• Virtues that the American people would need to govern

themselves Americans Self-reliance, hard work, frugality, harmony, and sacrificing individual needs for the common good.

• Women set the standard

Social ChangesSocial ChangesPopulation Growth

•1780, about 2.7 million people lived in 13 states

•1830, about 12 million people lived in 24 states. High Birth Rate

•The American population was young.

Mobility

•The United States was (and remains) a mobile society•Sought opportunity by moving west.•Meant that people often lived in the company of strangers

New Rules for Courtship and Marriage

•More effort into choosing the right marriage partner. Preferred a long period of courtship •Marriage was a matter of survival for many women

Religious RenewalReligious Renewal The The Second Great Awakening,Second Great Awakening, the powerful religious the powerful religious

movement movement The The revival,revival, also called a camp meeting also called a camp meeting The revival movement brought women increased The revival movement brought women increased

power.power. Baptists, Methodists, Unitarians, Mormons, and Baptists, Methodists, Unitarians, Mormons, and

Millennialists.Millennialists. African American WorshipAfrican American Worship

Trails WestTrails West Crossing the AppalachiansCrossing the Appalachians

Forcing Native Americans WestForcing Native Americans West Expanding Into FloridaExpanding Into Florida

The Seminole WarsThe Seminole Wars The Adams-Onís TreatyThe Adams-Onís Treaty

Bound for the PacificBound for the Pacific Manifest destinyManifest destiny,, or obvious or undeniable fate or obvious or undeniable fate Mountain menMountain men began trading with these Native began trading with these Native

Americans in the late 1700s.Americans in the late 1700s. Oregon TrailOregon Trail Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, New Mexico.Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

1821 – Mexico wins its 1821 – Mexico wins its independence from Spainindependence from Spain

1821 – Steve Austin leads 300 1821 – Steve Austin leads 300 settlers from Missouri to Texassettlers from Missouri to Texas Good CatholicsGood Catholics Mexican citizensMexican citizens

1830 – More Americans than 1830 – More Americans than Mexicans in TexasMexicans in Texas

Why was the US reluctant Why was the US reluctant to annex Texas?to annex Texas?

Northerners opposed adding an Northerners opposed adding an additional slave stateadditional slave state

Did not want to antagonize MexicoDid not want to antagonize Mexico Not ready to risk warNot ready to risk war

An Expanding EconomyAn Expanding Economy

Market Revolution - changed the ways in Market Revolution - changed the ways in which Americans made, bought, and which Americans made, bought, and sold goods dramatically. sold goods dramatically. Industrialization Industrialization ManufacturingManufacturing factory systemfactory system SpecializationSpecialization Rise in shoppingRise in shopping

Rise of UnionsRise of Unions

The Role of BanksThe Role of Banks

The Banking The Banking IndustryIndustry

Provided Provided investment capital, investment capital, money that a money that a business spends in business spends in hopes of future hopes of future gains.gains.

Uncontrolled Lending Uncontrolled Lending and Bank Notesand Bank Notes

Bad LoansBad Loans The economy The economy

experienced wild experienced wild booms followed by booms followed by panics. Panics in panics. Panics in the 1830s disrupted the 1830s disrupted the economy well the economy well into the 1840s.into the 1840s.

NationalismNationalism

National interests ahead of regional National interests ahead of regional concernsconcerns

Foreign policy should be guided by Foreign policy should be guided by national self-interestsnational self-interests

Competed with concepts of states’ Competed with concepts of states’ rights and regional interestsrights and regional interests

Nationalism (Domestic Nationalism (Domestic Affairs)Affairs)

Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court Cases What are they?What are they? Expanded the power of the federal Expanded the power of the federal

governmentgovernment Contracts - Contracts - Dartmouth CollegeDartmouth College v. v.

WoodwardWoodward Implied power - Implied power - McCullochMcCulloch v. v. MarylandMaryland Interstate trade - Interstate trade - GibbonsGibbons v. v. OgdenOgden

The American SystemThe American System Economic developmentEconomic development TariffsTariffs

Monroe Doctrine 1823Monroe Doctrine 1823 Became a corner stone of American Became a corner stone of American

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Monroe Monroe Doctrine Doctrine

2. What warning is given to the European countries?

1. What foreign policy principles are established?

No future colonization of American continents

The US would not interfere in European events

The US would see such actions “dangerous to our peace and safety

Other Doctrines?

•Truman Doctrine

•Eisenhower Doctrine

•Bush Doctrine

Election of 1824Election of 1824

First election w/o a Revolutionary War First election w/o a Revolutionary War leaderleader

Clay, Adams, (National Republicans) Clay, Adams, (National Republicans) Jackson (Jacksonian Democrats)Jackson (Jacksonian Democrats)

No candidate won a majority – Jackson had No candidate won a majority – Jackson had the mostthe most

House decided the election – went w/ House decided the election – went w/ AdamsAdams

Jackson supporters were angry – corrupt Jackson supporters were angry – corrupt barginbargin

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Jackson wins by a large marginJackson wins by a large margin Jackson’s inaugurationJackson’s inauguration Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy

Changes in those allowed to voteChanges in those allowed to vote Dropped property requirementsDropped property requirements

Spoils system (patronage)Spoils system (patronage) Government jobs to supporters and Government jobs to supporters and

friendsfriends Limited governmentLimited government

Tariff Crisis - 1828Tariff Crisis - 1828

Heavy tax on imports designed to Heavy tax on imports designed to boost American manufacturingboost American manufacturing

Who benefited? Who was hurt?Who benefited? Who was hurt? South Carolina and nullification – South Carolina and nullification –

States rights – threatens to secedeStates rights – threatens to secede Compromise ends the crisisCompromise ends the crisis

Bank of the United Bank of the United StatesStates

Private OrganizationPrivate Organization Stock holders foreign and domesticsStock holders foreign and domestics A for-profit organization (interest)A for-profit organization (interest)

Who benefited? Who was hurt?Who benefited? Who was hurt? US government used it as a place of deposit and for US government used it as a place of deposit and for

loansloans Constitutional?Constitutional?

Competing InterestsCompeting Interests North v. SouthNorth v. South Farmer v. merchantFarmer v. merchant Federalists v. Jacksonian DemocratsFederalists v. Jacksonian Democrats

Suspicious of banksSuspicious of banks Jackson favored small, state banks – “pet banks”Jackson favored small, state banks – “pet banks”

The Indian CrisisThe Indian Crisis

1820s – Cotton farmers wanted to 1820s – Cotton farmers wanted to move into Indian landsmove into Indian lands

1830 – Indian Removal Act authorized 1830 – Indian Removal Act authorized Jackson to give Native Americans land Jackson to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchasein parts of the Louisiana Purchase

Some went peacefully – others Some went peacefully – others resistedresisted

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

SlaverySlavery AbolitionAbolition EmancipationEmancipation Colonization of LiberiaColonization of Liberia Radical vs. gradual emancipationRadical vs. gradual emancipation NorthNorth

Race issuesRace issues Economic issuesEconomic issues

SouthSouth Social pressureSocial pressure Resistance to Northern effortsResistance to Northern efforts Gag RuleGag Rule