an analysis of students error in using sentence connectors ... · sentence connectors that occur in...

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS ERROR IN USING SENTENCE

CONNECTORS IN WRITING ESSAY: A STUDY ON THE FIFTH

SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

By:

MASRIFATUR ROFI’AH

08360253


FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2013





THESIS

By:




ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

2013





THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:


08360253



ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

JANUARY 2013

This thesis written by Masrifatur Rofi’ah was approved on 30 January, 2013.

By:

Advisor I Advisor II

Dr. Hartono, M.Pd Dr. Masduki, M.Pd

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

on 30 January, 2013.

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Muhammadiyah University of Malang

Dean,

Dr. M. Syaifuddin, MM.

Examiners: Signatures:

1. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M 1. ......................................

2. Santi Prastiyowati, S.Pd 2. ......................................

3. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd 3. ......................................

4. Dr. Masduki, M.Pd 4. ......................................

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

إن ایسرسرالعمع(٦)

Verily, with the hardship, there is relief (Q.S. Al – Insyirah: 6).

Don’t think to be the best, but think to do the best.

DEDICATION: I dedicate this thesis to:

My beloved husband, My beloved mother and father,

My brothers and sisters, All of my friends,

And my baby will be.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamiin, all praise to be Allah, the Merciful and

Charitable. Because of His guidance, blessing and affection, the researcher can finish

this thesis.

The researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to Dr. Hartono,

M.Pd as the first advisor and Dr. Masduki, M.Pd her second advisor, for their

suggestion, invaluable guidance and advice during the consultation period, and their

comments and correction during the completion of the thesis.

The next, a special thank goes to her beloved husband (Zainudin Al Mukhlis),

her beloved mother (Hj. Dewi Latifah), father (H. Mulkin), sisters (Urifah, Ana, Fitri,

Hanifah), brothers (Mas Khoirul huda and Masykur), sweet nephews (M. Fatih

Hidayatullah, M. Ibnu Zidan Syahrul K, S. Khalimatus S. and M. Zakariya R.),

special for her baby will be, who always accompany and support her during the

completion of this thesis, and all of her friends (Lisa, Yuni, Yaning, Mikliw, Nisa,

Moli) for their encouragement, help, care, pray and support so that she can finish this

thesis.

Without guidance, understanding, patience, and assistance of those mentions

above, this thesis would have never been in this present form. Hopefully, Allah SWT

always blesses them and all their sacrifice become their merciful deeds to help them

gain success in their future.

Malang, 30 January 2013. The researcher,

Masrifatur Rofi’ah

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS ERROR IN USING SENTENCE CONNECTORS IN WRITING ESSAY: A STUDY ON THE FIFTH

SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

ABSTRACT

Among the four skills in English, writing is indicated as the most difficult and complicated one because the writer needs some special skills and process to organize the ideas by using his or her own words to be a good composition. It also because the result of writing should be comprehensible and understandable. Therefore, in learning to write, students’ errors may occur especially in grammar as one of the English components. This research tries to analyze the students’ errors in using sentence connectors in writing essay on the fifth semester at English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Malang.

The purpose of this study were to know: (1) the types of errors of sentence connectors made by the students in writing an essay, (2) the frequency of errors of sentence connectors that occur in the students’ essay, and (3) the most dominant type of error of sentence connectors in the students’ essay.

This study used a descriptive quantitative design because it was intended to classify and determine the frequency of occurrence of each type of errors in the students’ essay. The researcher used essay writing test as the instrument. After doing the test, the researcher collects the result of the test, correcting, identifying, analyzing, and describes the errors of sentence connectors made by students in writing essay. The population of this study was the fifth semester students of English Department who took essay writing in Writing III subject. The researcher took 28 students out of 277 students as the sample of this study. In this study, the researcher used stratified sampling as the steps in selecting the sample because of the students’ competence. The researcher choose A and B class as the samples which the A class has the good competence and B class is the less one.

The result of this study showed that the total errors made by the students were 82 errors from 28 students’ compositions. Based on the surface strategy taxonomy, the 82 errors found in the students’ essay writing test comprised 16 (19,5%) errors of omission, 40 (48,8 %) errors of addition, and 26 (31,7 %) errors of misformation. Based on the total percentage of each type of errors, it was concluded that the most dominant type of errors of sentence connectors made by the fifth semester students of English Department of UMM on their essay writing was addition errors.

Keywords: Errors, Sentence Connector, Essay

Malang, 30 January 2013 The advisor I, The researcher,

Dr. Hartono, M.Pd Masrifatur Rofi’ah

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ............................................................................................... i

LEGALIZATION ...................................................................................... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................... .. 1

1.2 The Statement of the Problem ......................................................... 5

1.3 The Purpose of the Study ................................................................ 5

1.4 The Significance of the Study .......................................................... 6

1.5 The Scope and Limitation................................................................ 6

1.6 The Definition of Key terms .......................................................... 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Errors and Mistakes ......................................................................... 8

2.2 Error Analysis ................................................................................. 10

2.3 Error Types .................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Linguistic Category…………………………………………... 11

2.3.1 Comparative Taxonomy……………………………………… 14

2.3.3 Communicative Effect Taxonomy……………………………. 16

2.3.4 Surface Strategy Taxonomy…………………………………… 17

2.4 Error in Sentence Connectors ......................................................... 18

2.5 Types of Connectors........................................................................ 20

2.5.1 Coordinate Conjunction………………………………………. 20

2.5.2 Subordinate Conjunction……………………………………… 22

2.5.3 Conjunctive Adverb…………………………………………... 22

2.5.4 Transition Expression…………………………………………. 24

2.6 Essay ............................................................................................... 25

2.6.1 An Introductory Paragraph ................................................... 26

2.6.2 Body Paragraph ................................................................... 26

2.6.3 Concluding Paragraph .......................................................... 27

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ............................................................................. 28

3.2 population and Sample ................................................................... 29

3.3 Data Collection .............................................................................. 30

3.5 Data Analysis ................................................................................. 30

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Findings ........................................................................... 32

4.1.1 The Types of Errors of Sentence Connectors .. ……………… 32

4.1.1.1 Omission Errors………………………………………….. 32

4.1.1.2 Addition Errors…………………………………………... 34

4.1.1.3 Misformation Errors …………………………………….. 35

4.1.2 The Frequency of Occurrence of Errors in Sentence Connectors 36

4.1.3 The Most Dominant Type of Errors of Sentence Connectors ... 37

4.2 Discussion ...................................................................................... 37

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 40

5.2 Suggestion ...................................................................................... 41

5.2.1 For the Lecturers of English Department .................................. 41

5.2.2 For the Students of English Department...................................... 41

5.2.3 For Further Researcher ............................................................... 42

REFERENCES

APPENDIXS

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