amta6 7 using hydraulic systems
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Interest Approach
Have you ever used a floor jack or
driven an automobile equipped
with power brakes or power
steering?
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Student Learning Objectives
Define hydraulics and explain its major operating systems.
Discuss the basic principles of hydraulics.
Describe the primary components of a
hydraulic system. Describe the advantages and
disadvantages of hydraulic systems.
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Terms
Connectors
Cycle time
Directional controlvalve
Energy
Filter
Flow rate
Hydraulic actuator
Hydraulics
Hydrodynamics Hydrostatics
Law of
Conservation of Energy
Linear actuator
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Terms
Micron
Multiplication of
force Pascal’s Law
Piping
Positivedisplacement pump
Pressure gauge
Pressure relief
valve Prime mover
Pump
Reservoir
Rotary actuator
Strainer
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Hydraulics
A branch of physics dealing with
the mechanical properties and
practical applications of fluids in
motion.
Hydraulic systems do not createpower.
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Hydraulics
They transfer power from an
outside source.
Prime mover – the outside source of
power.
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Hydrodynamics
The use of liquids at high flow and
low pressure to perform work.
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Hydrostatics
Use of liquids at high pressure and
low flow to perform work.
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Pascal’s Law
Pressure applied to a confined fluid
is transmitted undiminished in all
directions.
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Application of Pascal’s Law
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Multiplication of force
The hydraulic system takes a small
input force and transforms it into a
larger output force.
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Cycle time
The amount of time required for
one complete set of operations to
occur.
Flow rate – the measure of how
many gallons per minute of hydraulicfluid would run into a container.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy may be changed from one
form to another, but it cannot either
be created or destroyed.
Energy – the capacity to do work.
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Components of a Hydraulic
System
Reservoir – supplies oil to the hydraulicpump and stores oil that returns after passing through the hydraulic circuit. Strainer – directs the hydraulic oil in a
straight line through an element made of metal screens attached to a metal core.
Filter – directs hydraulic oil through one of more layers of a porous elements thatmay trap particles.
Micron – equal to 39 millionths of an inch.
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Primary Components of a
Hydraulic System
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Components (continued)
Pump – causes hydraulic oil to flow
through the circuit
Positive displacement pump –
delivers the same volume of oil per
cycle regardless of the pressure at
the pump outlet.
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Components (continued)
Directional control valve – controls
the operation of the system’s
cylinder sand motors by directionthe flow of the fluid in the system.
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Primary parts of a typical cylinder
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Components (continued)
Hydraulic actuator – converts fluid
energy into mechanical energy.
Linear actuator – the output of the
cylinder occurs in a straight-line
manner.
Rotary actuator – produces a
rotating output force.
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Components (continued)
Piping – fluid conducting lines that
connect various components of a
hydraulic system.
Connectors – used to join one piece
of piping to another, or to hydraulicsystem components.
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Advantages of hydraulic
systems
Increased flexibility
Variable speed
Multiplication of force
Reduced wear
Reversibility
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Disadvantages of hydraulic
systems
High pressure
Need for cleanliness
Safety hazards
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Review / Summary
What is hydraulics and what are itsmajor operating systems?
What principles govern the use of hydraulics?
What are the primary components of ahydraulic system?
What are the advantages anddisadvantages associated withhydraulic systems?