AMSC® D-VAR® Model for PSSE

Introduction to CDVAR4 User Model PSSE Users Group Meeting - Sydney, Australia

November 2016

©2016 AMSC

• AMSC® (American Superconductor) is a leading global manufacturer of solutions for electric grids.

• AMSC® solutions are powering 14 GW of renewable energy and enhancing the performance and reliability in power networks in more than a dozen countries.

• Founded in 1987 as a start-up – company founder from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

• Headquartered near Boston, Massachusetts with operations in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.

AMSC® Introduction

©2016 AMSC 2

AMSC D-VAR® STATCOM Introduction

3

TM

©2016 AMSC

4

D-VAR® STATCOM Installation Close-Coupled to Substation Transformer

©2016 AMSC

AMSC® D-VAR® STATCOM Applications

Renewables

• Delivery of more power on existing transmission & distribution assets

• Postpone investments • Improvement of power

stability, availability, quality and reliability

• 21 Systems Installed • Largest System Size:

-96/+240 MVAR

• Enables renewable power to “act like” power from a conventional source so it can be smoothly integrated into the power grid in compliance with local grid codes

• 92 Systems Installed • Largest System Size:

+308/-256MVAR

• Eliminate voltage disturbances to ensure high power quality for semiconductor fabs, mining operations and other industrial processes.

• 7 Systems Installed • Largest System Size:

+/-168 MVAR

Renewables Utilities Industrials

©2016 AMSC 5

6

Australian D-VAR® Installations

• Renewable Applications

• Industrial Applications

• Utility Application

©2016 AMSC

7

World Wide Grid Code Requirements To alleviate the growing impacts of renewables on the grid

Grid code requirements vary from region to region.

Reference: AESO ISO Rules Part 500 - Facilities Division 502 – Technical Requirements Section 502.1 – Wind Aggregated Generating Facilities Technical Requirements August 10, 2010

Reference: UK Grid Code, December 13, 2013

Reference: Romania - Technical conditions for connection to the public electrical grids for electrical wind power stations, March 4, 2009

Reference: ESCOSA Electricity Transmission Code, July 1, 2008

Reference: ESKOM Grid Connection Code for RPPs in South Africa - Version 2.8, July 2014

©2016 AMSC

• The Grid Code Requirements are imposed at the Point of Interconnection of the Wind Farm to the Transmission Grid

• Variety of reactive resources are required to fully meet the grid code requirements

– Often the assistance of STATCOMs are required

– Creative control systems have been implemented to integrate all reactive resources to meet the various grid codes

8

World Wide Grid Code Requirements Requirements Met Using a Variety of Reactive Resources

Creative controls allow multiple reactive resources to assist in meeting the various grid code requirements.

Shunt Banks

4 MVAR D-VAR ®

Wind Turbine Generators With Reactive Capability

Utility Grid

CT

PT

MCE - Master Control Enclosure

PT

Breaker

Switch Medium Voltage

Point of Interconnection Transmission Voltage

Reactive Power Commands

Voltage/Current Monitoring

MVAR Control

MCE

©2016 AMSC

• AMSC® Support Capability for Systems Engineering

– Steady-state load flow (power flow) studies

– Dynamic and stability analysis

– Harmonics and resonance scans

– Power transfer capability studies

• Planning Tools (Software)

– PTI PSS/E Load flow and Stability

– DIgSILENT load flow, stability, harmonics, short circuit

– PSCAD and RTDS

– GE PSLF Load flow and Stability

• Global Experience

– Studies performed for wind farms, industrial plants and utilities worldwide

AMSC® Planning & Engineering Services

9 ©2016 AMSC

AMSC® D-VAR® STATCOM Control Strategy

10

TM

©2016 AMSC

• Voltage Control (Regulation/Transient)

Line Drop Compensation

• Power Factor Control

• Constant MVAR Control

• Capacitor/Reactor Bank Switching Control

• Wind Farm/Solar Plant MVAR Output Control

11

D-VAR® System Control Options Available

©2016 AMSC

D-VAR® System’s

Droop Setting Options • Independent boost and buck droop

slopes

• Droop slope adjustable from 1% to 10%

• Adjustable reference or target voltage

• Optional dead band and D-VAR® device output limits

• Can switch between voltage and power factor control

12

D-VAR® System - Voltage Control Dynamic Control and Regulation Control

Boosting Output Bucking Output

1.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

Reference Voltage = 1.00pu

Voltage (pu)

1x 2x 3x 1x 2x 3x

Deadband

Buck Droop = 2%

Boost Droop = 2%

Buck Hard Limit = 1.050pu

Boost Hard Limit = 0.950pu

1.05

0.95

Fast Buck Turn On

Fast Boost Turn On

Buck Turn On

Boost Turn On

©2016 AMSC

• To maintain the power factor within a certain range at an interconnection point, the D-VAR® system’s will use its total VAR compensation range (Target PF)

• The power factor controller also uses a dead band approach, where the dead band is set at 5% of the D-VAR® unit’s continuous MVAR rating

• If the D-VAR® system’s inverter contribution to the power factor regulation is less than 5% of its continuous rating, then it will stop injecting VARs

• For a fault or an over voltage event, the D-VAR® system will switch to its voltage control mode and use its VAR overload capability to rapidly restore the voltage

13

Typical Power Factor Control Profile

Reactive Power

Real Power

Me

asu

red

VA

Rs

Measured Watts

PF Target

VAR Error

©2016 AMSC

14

Example of a Capacitor Switching Algorithm

-22

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Time in Seconds

Act

ual

Co

mb

ine

d D

-VA

R®

an

d W

TG M

VA

R O

utp

ut

0.5

se

con

ds

(T3I3)

(T4I4)

(T1I1)

(T2I2)

Switch Capacitor Off-Line or

Switch Inductor On-Line

Switch Capacitor On-Line or

Switch Inductor Off-Line

Shunt Switching Parameters

Std Svar I1

Std Svar I2

Std Svar I3

Std Svar I4

Std Svar T1

Std Svar T2

Std Svar T3

Std Svar T4

©2016 AMSC

15

D-VAR® Device & WTG MVAR Output Flowchart

Yes

Is average D-VAR output over the past 5 seconds

greater than or equal to +1 MVAR

D-VAR output

in MVAR

No

Take no action

Do WTGs have available capacitive

reactive capability?

Yes

Yes

No

No

Is average D-VAR output over the past 5 seconds

less than or equal to -1 MVAR

Send signal to WTGs to increase Capacitive MVAR output to D-VAR

output level

WTG output capability in

MVAR

Take no action

Do WTGs have available inductive

reactive capability?

Yes Send signal to

WTGs to increase Inductive MVAR output to D-VAR

output level To W

TG M

VA

R C

on

tro

ls

This sequence is run and repeated every 5 seconds

WTG output capability in

MVAR

©2016 AMSC

AMSC D-VAR® STATCOM CDVAR4 (PSSE Model)

16

TM

©2016 AMSC

©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Model AMSC® User Model for PSSE

D-VAR Controls

Fielded D-VAR® System

CDVAR4 Model

CDVAR4 Model Features

Features

Dead band, Reference Setpoints

Independent Boost and Buck Droop settings

Independent Regulation and Transient Gains

Overload Current with time duration, ramp back

Shunt control (with soft switching)

Power Factor, Constant Susceptance and Constant VAR Regulation Modes

Proportional / Integral Control

Flat Start from Load Flow

Hard Limits for Transient Response

Interface with Power Park Controller (Master and Slave)

18 ©2016 AMSC

19 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Model Validation Field Measurements vs. Model Output

Click to add call-out text here

D-VAR®

• Load Flow set up

• Parameters – DYRE data set up

• Object File

• Demonstration of Model Performance

20 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Model Overview

21 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Load Flow Set Up

8 MVAr D-VAR® 8 MVAr Capacitor

8 MVAr Reactor

Primary Regulation Bus

Transient Regulation Bus

22 ©2016 AMSC

D-VAR® Load Flow Model Machine Data

23 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Parameters Model Definition

Value Description

102 D-VAR® Bus Number

1 Machine ID (number or up to two letters)

CDVAR4 D-VAR® User Model Name

20 ICONs

93 CONs

3 STATEs

141 VARs

24 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Parameters ICONS

ICONs Value Description

M+0 0 Memory

1 8 SRATED – D-VAR® STATCOM MVAR Rating

2 0

Control Mode 0 - Voltage Control, 1 - Power Factor Control, 2 - Constant Susceptance Output 3 - Constant VAR Output (test mode only)

3 100 REG_CONTRID is bus number for Regulation Voltage control 4 101 BUS_01 is the D-VAR® Medium Voltage Connection Bus

5 101 TRANSIENT_CONTRID is bus number for Transient Voltage control (0 value will equal the REG_CONTRID bus value)

6 100

FROM_BUS_NUM_FOR_CT01, This is the From bus number for defining the CT01 flow. It is only needed if the Power Factor or Constant VAR regulation modes are desired. A value of '0' means to ignore CT inputs.

7 150 TO_BUS_NUM_FOR_CT01, This is the to bus number for defining the CT01 flow. It is only needed if the Power Factor or Constant VAR regulation modes are desired.

8 -1

CIRCUIT_ID_FOR_CT01, This is the circuit id to use for CT01. A value of -1 means to use the cumulative current flowing from the FROM bus to the TO bus. This is only needed if the Power Factor or Constant VAR regulation modes are desired.

9 0

PPC_BUS, This is the bus number of the external VAR source (turbine or PV inverter) with the Power Park Controller Model. This is only needed if the D-VAR is to communicate with an external PPC, otherwise the value is '0'.

10 0

PPC_ID, This is the machine ID of the external VAR source (turbine or PV inverter) with the Power Park Controller Model. This is only needed if the D-VAR is to communicate with an external PPC, otherwise the value is '0'.

11-16 0 Internal ICONs – leave as default

17 0 MASTER_SLAVE_FLAG: 0=D-VAR is Master, 1=D-VAR is a Slave to another controller in Constant Susceptance mode.

18 0 SLAVE_REF, VAR # for the Qref (MVAr) for D-VAR system, when in Slave mode. 19 0 POD: VAR # for POD auxiliary input

25 ©2016 AMSC

Voltage Control Profile Regulation and Transient Profiles

Injecting VArs Absorbing VArs D-VAR®

26 ©2016 AMSC

Switched Shunt Profile Regulation and Transient Profiles

27 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Parameters CONS

Application CONs Value Description of D-VAR STATCOM CONs Range of Value

Vo

ltag

e C

on

tro

l

Slo

w R

egu

lati

on

J+0 1.0 VREF_Setpoint: This is the D-VAR® STATCOM’s regulation voltage target (pu) - referred to as Vref. For a flat STRT, set Vref 0 (Zero).

0.90 to 1.10 pu

1 0.010 REG_BST_DROOP: Droop for Boost Regulation Mode 0.005 to 0.10

2 0.005 REG_BST_ON: Turn On Delta for Boost Regulation Mode

3 0.000 REG_BST_TARGET: Target Delta for Boost Regulation Mode 0 to 0.10, and < TRSN_BST_DBAND

4 0.010 REG_BCK_DROOP: Droop for Buck Regulation Mode 0.005 to 0.10

5 0.005 REG_BCK_ON: Turn On Delta for Buck Regulation Mode

6 0.000 REG_BCK_TARGET: Target Delta for Buck Regulation Mode 0 to 0.10, and < TRSN_BCK_DBAND

7 6 REG_KP: Proportional Gain for Regulation Mode 1 - 10

8 100 REG_KI: Integral Gain for Regulation Mode 10 to 100

9 0 UK_DROOP: Droop based on measured VARs 0 or 1

10 0 UK_DRP_MVAR : Measured MVAR Range for applying above Droop ≥ 0.0

Fast

Tra

nsi

ent

Res

po

nse

11 0.04 TRSN_BST_DROOP: Droop for Boost Transient Mode 0.005 to 0.10

12 0.08 TRSN_BST_ON: Turn On Delta for Boost Transient Mode

13 0.05 TRSN_BST_TARGET: Target Delta for Boost Transient Mode 0 to 0.10, and > REG_BST_DBAND

14 0.90 TRSN_BST_HLIMIT: Hard limit for Boost Transient Mode 15 0.04 TRSN_BCK_DROOP: Droop for Buck Transient Mode 0.005 to 0.10

16 0.08 TRSN_BCK_ON: Turn On Delta for Buck Transient Mode

17 0.05 TRSN_BCK_TARGET: Target Delta for Buck Transient Mode 0 to 0.10, and < REG_BCK_DBAND

18 1.095 TRSN_BCK_HLIMIT: Hard Limit for Buck Transient Mode 19 5 TRSN_KP: Proportional Gain for Transient Mode 20 800 TRSN_KI: Integral Gain for Transient Mode 200 to 800

21 3.00 KOL: Maximum D-VAR® Overload Rating 1.0 < KOL ≤ 2.67

22 2.0 TOVLD: Maximum duration of available Overload (If KOL is <2.67, TOVLD can be increased – Request time from AMSC® for lower TOVLD)

2.0 s

23 0.5 TBACK: Time for ramping back from maximum overload to continuous rating 0.5s

24 0.2 VINHIBIT: Minimum voltage for operation of D-VAR® ≥ 0.2 pu

28 ©2016 AMSC

Dyre Data and Object File

/ / AMSC® D-VAR® PSSE CDVAR4 User Model - Rev 29-33, Sept 2014 102,'USRMDL',1,'CDVAR4',1,1,20,93,3,141,0, 8,0,100,101,101,100,150,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 1,0.01,0.005,0,0.01,0.005,0,6,100,0,0,0.04,0.08,0.05,0.9,0.04,0.08,0.05,1.095,5,800,3,2,0.5, 0.2,1,0.01,4,0,0,0.004,0.25,1,0,0,0, -1,1,-0.55,10,1,1,0.55,10,120,80,103,8000,300,104,-8000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0/

D-VAR®, Regulation, and Transient Bus #, Rating, and Control Mode

Slow Regulation Parameters and Voltage Reference

Transient Mitigation Parameters and Overload Settings

Shunt Switching Parameters and Ratings

Power Factor Regulation Parameters

*Also requires the CDVAR4 object file or dll

29 ©2016 AMSC

Voltage Regulation Simulated Step Voltage Change

Vref Changed to 1.02pu

Primary Voltage Settles at 1.0055pu

D-VAR® Responds

Cap Bank Switches in

D-VAR® Backs Down to ~0.48pu (3.84 MVAr)

30 ©2016 AMSC

Voltage Regulation Droop Operation

Injecting VArs Absorbing VArs

31 ©2016 AMSC

Power Factor Regulation Change PF Reference from Unity to +0.98 Capacitive

WF MW (~50MW)

WF MVAr

D-VAR® Output (pu)

Cap Bank Switches In

WF MVAr Settles at ~10MVAr (0.98PF)

32 ©2016 AMSC

Transient Event LVRT Event – 20% Sag

Transient Bus Voltage

D-VAR® Output (pu)

Low Voltage Event

D-VAR® at 3x Output

• Accurate Model which can be used for a variety of different studies in PSSE

• Model can be represented for all applications for D-VAR® STATCOM

– Utility, Renewable, Industrial

• Can be used for operations/troubleshooting

– All parameters available in fielded units are represented in the model

• No NDA Required

• AMSC® Transmission Planning Team available for support and studies

33 ©2016 AMSC

CDVAR4 Summary

12/1/2016 AMSC Proprietary and Confidential 34

© 2016 AMSC. AMSC, D-VAR, GRIDTEC SOLUTIONS and SMARTER, CLEANER … BETTER ENERGY, are trademarks or registered trademarks of American Superconductor.

Approved For Distribution