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Post on 01-Apr-2015
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The lining of the lungs is called the:
A. peritoneum.B. pericardium.C. pleural membrane.D. cutaneous Membrane.
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The lining of the lungs is called the pleural membrane, which is a serous membrane.
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These cells produce the waterproof outer surface of the skin:A. MelanocytesB. LipocytesC. KeratinocytesD. Integumentocytes
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Keratinocytes produce keratin, which is a protein waterproofs the skin.
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These projections of the upper dermal layer contribute to the formation of fingerprints.A. MicrovilliB. Dermal inclusionsC. Stratum lucidumD. Dermal papillae
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Dermal papillae contribute to the formation of fingerprints.• Dermal papillae: ridges that produce fingerprints, used to grip
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Sebaceous glands secrete:
A. sweatB. keratinC. oilD. uric acidE. endorphins
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Sebaceous glands• Produce oil• Lubricant for skin• Prevents brittle hair• Kills bacteria• Most have ducts that empty into hair follicles; others open directly onto skin surface• Glands are activated at puberty
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The sun activates the synthesis of:
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B-6
C. Vitamin B-12
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin C
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Integumentary System Physiology: functions
7. Synthesis of Vitamin D: acted on by UV rays, Vitamin D acts as a hormone to effect absorption of Ca+ in digestive tract.
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This smooth muscle contracts to give you goose bumps.
A. Dermal papillaeB. Arrector pilliC. Skeletal muscleD. Dermal sheath
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Arector pili: smooth muscle, keep hair at angle, stress hair goes perpendicular: goose-bumps
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Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane:
A. synovial membraneB. mucous membraneC. cutaneous membraneD. serous membraneE. pleural membrane
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Synovial membrane• Connective tissue only• Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints• Secretes a lubricating fluid
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Stratum ________ contains the Langerhans cells which serve as a part of the immune system.
A. basalB. spinosumC. granulosumD. lucidumE. corneum
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Epidermis: stratified squamousStratum spinosum • spine/thorn like cells• close together• contain Langerhan cells• Langerhans cells: protects against disease w/ helper T cells of the immune system.
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A yellow/orange pigment which is the precursor for Vitamin A and needed for visual pigment.
A. melaninB. hemoglobinC. albuminD. caroteneE. collagen
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Skin Color Pigments:• Carotene: precursor for Vitamin A, needed for visual pigment• yellow/orange• Build up of yellow pigment os called jaundice
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The dermis of the skin:
A. contains receptors for cold, heat, & painB. is composed of corneal & basal layersC. contains the melanocytesD. contains large amounts of fats
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Dermis has TWO layers• Papillary layer (upper dermal region)• Projections called dermal papillae • Some contain capillary loops• Other house pain receptors and touch
receptors• Reticular layer (deepest skin layer)• Blood vessels• Sweat and oil glands• Deep pressure receptors
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The ABCD Rule is used in relationship to this disease/disorder:
A. sun burnsB. vitiligoC. skin cancerD. alopeciaE. seborrhea
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A= Aysmmetry: one half does not match the other half in size, shapeB = Border Irregularity: edges are irregular, poorly definedC = Color: pigmentation not uniformD = Diameter: bigger then pencil eraser ( 6 mm) ABCD Rule relates to skin cancer
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The epidermis is composed of:
A. simple columnar epitheliumB. stratified squamous epitheliumC. adipose tissueD. dense fibrous connective tissueE. areolar tissue
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Epidermis: stratified squamous• Keratinocytes: cells produce keratin, protein to protect
skin from heat, bacteria, chemicals, make up 90%
• Melanocytes: make up 8% made of pigment melanin, protects from UV rays
• Langerhans cells: protects against disease w/ helper T cells, from bone marrow
• Merkel cells: least numerous, deepest layer, touch sensation/nerve disc
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The hypodermis is composed of:
A. simple columnar epitheliumB. stratified squamous epitheliumC. adipose tissueD. dense fibrous connective tissueE. areolar tissue
Subcutaneous tissue (HYPODERMIS) is deep to dermis• Not part of the skin
• Anchors skin to underlying organs
• Composed mostly of adipose tissue
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Hair & nails are produced by cells in the:
A. dermisB. hypodermisC. sweat glandD. epidermisE. sebaceous gland
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Hair is produced by hair follicles in the DERMIS.
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Nails contain a large amount of this substance:
A. sweatB. keratinC. oilD. uric acidE. melanin
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Nails
• Scale-like modifications of the epidermis• Heavily keratinized• Stratum basale extends beneath the nail bed responsible for growth• Lack of pigment makes them colorless
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Condition of thinning and some degree of baldness.
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AlopeciaBaldness (Alopecia): androgens inhibit hair growth
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Overproduction of skin cells causing dry, silvery scales.
Diseases/Disorders for 2
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Psoriasis• Cause is unknown• Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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Disorder = increase in size of melanocytes often a part of the aging process.
Diseases/Disorders for 3
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“Liver Spots”
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Diseases/Disorders for 3
Condition characterized by the inability to produce melanin.
Diseases/Disorders for 4
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albinism: inability to produce melanin
vitiligo: loss of melanocytes form patches on skin
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Diseases/Disorders for 4
malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
Diseases/Disorders for 5
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Basal cell melanoma
Basal cell: 78% of all skin cancers, rarely spreads, just basal layer
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Diseases/Disorders for 5
Full-thickness burn that destroys both the epidermis
& dermis
Diseases/Disorders for 1
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Third-degree burns• Destroys entire skin layer• Burn is gray-white or black
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Diseases/Disorders for 1
Staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions around the mouth & nose
Diseases/Disorders for 2
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances• Infections and allergies•Impetigo
•Caused by bacterial infection (Staphylococcus)
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Diseases/Disorders for 2
decubitus ulcers
Diseases/Disorders for 3
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Bedsores• Pressure sores = decubitus ulcers• Deficiency of blood to tissue over a bony projection subject to prolonged pressure: bed, cast
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Diseases/Disorders for 3
over-activity of the sebaceous glands that results in dandruff, Also known as “cradle cap” in infants
Diseases/Disorders for 4
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seborrhea (see page 119)
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Diseases/Disorders for 4
Cancer of skin pigment cells.
Diseases/Disorders for 5
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malignant melanomaMalignant melanoma: (melanocytes cancer)
• leading cause of death in skin disease
• spreads rapidly
•2% of all skin cancers
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Diseases/Disorders for 5
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