www.mobilevce.com © 2005 mobile vce 22 november 2005 interactive mobile tv: group and resource...
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www.mobilevce.com
© 2005 Mobile VCE
22 November 2005
Interactive Mobile TV:Group and Resource Management
Haitham CruickshankUniversity of Surrey
www.mobilevce.com
© 2005 Mobile VCE
Introduction
Multicast concept attracts growing attentions from mobile operators due to its capability of efficient service delivering:
Unlike unicast in which data are send to individual receivers, in multicast one copy of data is transmitted from source to multiple receivers.
Unlike broadcast (such as TV service), multicast distribution focused on group services.
Interworking of multicast-enabled networks is an interesting solution for Beyond 3G systems.
Examples of multicast services:
Audio and video streaming: such as on demand video and web TV/radio
Content delivery: such as electronic newspaper and notification system for sport news, up-to-date business information e.g. stock rates
Multiplayer games
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Challenges for Multicast User Services
UMTS Core DVB DistributionNetwork
AP
External PDN / Internet
Content Provider
WLAN Core
DVB-T/HUTRAN WLANSRAN
(U) (D) (U)(W) (D)
U: UMTSD:DVBW:WLAN
U/DU/W
U/D/W UU/D/W
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Requirements for Successful Interworking
Advanced resource management and session management functionality to achieve desired multicast delivery coordination.
Mechanism that allow: Selection of suitable delivery networks Selection of appropriate service flows Dynamically act on network conditions, e.g. load balancing
Awareness of interested receivers and their heterogeneity expressed by receiver context information.
Scalable mechanisms for network initiated: Multicast bearer establishment and release Vertical network handover for groups of receivers Flow handover for groups of receivers
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Resource Management – Objectives
Provide efficient multicast services delivery in a heterogeneous infrastructure comprising multicast-enabled wireless networks.
Provide efficient multicast services to heterogeneous receivers with various QoS capabilities and network interfaces.
To maximize “profit” for the network operator,while respecting the user’s preference (e.g. acceptable level of delay and QoS).
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Resource Management - mechanisms
Service Scheduling:
Batch multiple requests for the same content into a group for a specific batching duration and then serve them over one common channel
Dynamic Access Network Selection:
Select the suitable access network and transmission QoS, which satisfies the user’s QoS requirements whilst offering the highest “profit” for the service provisioning
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Resource Management Architecture
N
RMMSS
NS/QoSA
RCC
LMGM
service
profile
user
profile
RM: resource manager
MSS: multicast service scheduling
NS: network selection
QoSA: QoS adaptation
RCC: resource cost calculation
GM: group manager
LM: local monitor
RM 3
Home Network
Other cooperative networks
RM 2RM 1
Content request
Selected access network and QoS
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Service Scheduling Signalling
N
GM ISS
User requests
Scheduling request (content and user profiles)
Service scheduling
Construct content delivery request
RM NS& QoSA
Content delivery request (content and user profiles)
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RCC LMRCC LM
Content delivery request
Require network status
Require network status
request quotecost
reply quoteCost
Network selection and QoS adaptation
Network resources reservation and configuration for contents delivery
Content delivery reply
home network provider
RCCRCC
LMLM
cooperating network providers
request quotecost
reply quoteCost
Network Selection Signalling
NS& QoSA
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Group Management - Objectives
Assist resource management by aggregating useful context information of interested receivers of a multicast user service.
Provide mechanisms to implement resource management decisions efficiently by: Network initiated multicast bearer establishment/release Network initiated vertical network handover for groups of
receivers Flow handover for groups of receivers
Scalable delivery of interworking signalling to large receiver groups.
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Group Management Architecture
GMMF
SCF
Network sideUser side
Group manager (GM)
Group Manager Functional Blocks:SCF: Session Control FunctionGMMF: Group Membership Management FunctionNMF: Network Management Function
Interfaces:MSC: Multicast Signalling ChannelIGMII: Interworking GM Interaction InterfaceIGII : Interworking Internal Gateway Interface
Application
Multicast Middleware
UDP IGMP
IP
Device PresenceService
ResourceManagement
NMF
Network entities
GMs in cooperating networks
Group Subscription, e.g. via HTTP
IGMII
IIGI
Signalling CH
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Multicast Signalling Channel
Motivation Reduce signalling cost - efficient delivery of control signalling
for required interworking to a large group of receivers
Principles Instead of sending separate message to every receiver,
control signalling is delivered to a group via a multicast signalling channel (MSCH)
Each user for a multicast user service subscribes to the IoN-MSCH for the duration of a session
Novel mechanism for efficient receiver subset addressing of receivers on the IoN-MSCH to minimise required signalling load:
Based on context information receivers have in common
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Signalling Example: Session Setup
UE GMMF SCF RMUE
Service Announcement/Discovery
IGMP join (MSC) Scheduling and network selection
ESTABLISH (IP Multicast Address, Network)
IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)
IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)
Group Subscription
Establish control plane
Establish user plane
Group ManagerAccess Router
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Signalling Example: Vertical Handover
UE GMMF SCF RMUE
Load balancing decision
MIGRATE (IP Multicast Address, new Network)
IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)
Switch user plane
Group ManagerAR old AR new
IGMP leave (IP Multicast Address)
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Multicast Middleware (on user terminal)
Provides transparently a seamless multicast socket service to application.
On group subscription, it starts listening to a multicast signalling channel to receive control information from group manager.
Manages multicast session over terminal interfaces as requested by GM: Establishment, release, migration of multicast bearers by
remote subscription approach Flow mobility
Forwards incoming data flows to application.
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Implementation Demonstration: Scheduling and Network Selection
Each group membership subscription triggers scheduling function: Scheduling either size- or time-based When threshold is reached Network Selection is invoked
GMMF provides Network Selection with user group and relevant context information.
Network Selection algorithm selects appropriate QoS and network for each user in the group.
Network Selection notifies Session Control Function in group manager to initiate session establishment.
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Implementation Demonstration : Session Control Signalling
Session Control Function (SCF) determines subgroups based on selected networks and QoS.
Extracts common context information for receivers of each subgroup and creates addressing expression uniquely identifying each subgroup.
Sends a control message for establishment/release for each subgroup via the Interworking-MSCH for the multicast user service
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Implementation Demonstration : Bearer Setup on Receiver
Multicast middleware in receiver obtains control message via interworking-MSCH.
Middleware evaluates addressing expression: it joins the identified multicast group on the specified
network interface.
Incoming multicast session data is forwarded by the middleware to the application.
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Implementation Demonstration : Multicast Middleware
Middleware for session layer functionality Based on TESLA toolkit (same as Migrate) Dynamic library interposition principle Code complexity ~ 2000 LoC (Lines of Code)
Application
Multicast Middleware
C-library/OS
Tesla
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Middleware: Bearer Establishment - 1
Application
Multicast Middleware (MM)
C-library/OS
1, Gets IP multicast address/port of Interworking-MSCH via announcement
2. Opens and binds socket
3. Multicast middleware opens real socket using provided IP multicast address/port
4. Starts listening to commands from group manager
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Middleware: Bearer Establishment - 2
Application
Interworking-MM
C-library/OS
7. Starts forwarding incoming data to application
5. Receives establish request (IP Multicast address/port/network)
6. Establishes multicast socket onIdentified interface for data plane
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Middleware: Vertical Handover - 1
Application
Interworking-MM
C-library/OS
3. Still forward data from old socket until data from new one arrives
1. Receives migrate request Old and new(IP Multicast address/port/network)
2. Establishes new multicast socket onIdentified interface for new data plane
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Middleware: Vertical Handover - 2
Application
Interworking-MM
C-library/OS
6. Application receives data from new socket
4. New data arrives
5. Old data plane is released
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Implementation Demonstration: Network Architecture
IoN Gateway (Home Network)
IoN Gateway (Visting Network)
DVB Cell 1
Content Provider
UMTS Cell 1UMTS Cell 2
UMTS Cell 3
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Implementation Demonstration: Network Equipment
Network infrastructure 2 Cisco routers (2600 series) 1 GigabitEthernet Layer3 switch Layer 2 switches 1 WLAN access point
Servers Interworking gateway (GM/RM) Streaming servers Web server
Clients 3 Laptops with Ethernet/WLAN card Fedora Core 3 Linux
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Implementation Demonstration: Gateway Implementation
Implementation language C++ and QT library:Portable to any platform Code complexity ~ 8000 LoC
Features:Multithreaded group management serverService Manager for service creationEach service provides:
its own grouping, and up to 2 different service flowsscheduling (size and timeout based)network selection function (by the RM function)its own Interworking-MSCH (messages XML based)
User context information data base and browser
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Other components
Webserver Apache 2 HTML fronted for user subscription Python script as subscription backend to group manager
Streaming Server Video LAN Client (VLC) as video server
Currently streaming UDP however RTP also possible
User request simulation Python script
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© 2005 Mobile VCE
Resource and Group Management: Conclusions
In interworked heterogeneous wireless networks:Resource management focuses on service
scheduling, and network selectionGroup management focuses on aggregation of
receiver context information to support RM in its decision making
Close interaction between resource and group management during set-up and handover.
Combined interworking and multicast is a promising solution to extended services in existing wireless networks.
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