wsp nepal

Sudan  Raj  Panthi  (PhD)  Department  of  Water  Supply  and  Sewerage  

Kathmandu,  Nepal  

¡  Area  147,000  Sq  Km  ¡  Population  26.6  million  ¡  Drinking  water  coverage  80  %  ¡  Sanitation  Coverage  

Ø Based  on  having  toilet  or  ODF  (Open  defecation  Free)  -­‐  50  %  Ø ODF-­‐  districts  2  out  of  75  Ø ODF  –VDCs  235  out  of  4000  

¡  Total  Water  Supply  Schemes  =  37,000  ¡  Only  200  projects  have  population  >5000  ¡  Only  150  projects  have  treatment  facilities  ¡  80  %  project  sources  are  spring    ¡  National  drinking  water  standard  (2005)   § 2

Parameter   Unit   Max  Limit  /Limit  

Turbidity   NTU 5 (10)*

TDS   Mg/L   1000

Iron   Mg/L   0.3 (3.0)*

Manganese   Mg/L   0.2

Arsenic   Mg/L   0.05

Chromium   Mg/L   0.05

Flu0ride   Mg/L   0.5 – 1.5

Lead   Mg/L   0.01

Ammonia   Mg/L   1.5

Nitrate   Mg/L   50

Total  Hardness   Mg/L  as  CaCO3   500

Residual  Chlorine   Mg/L   0.1 - 0.2

Total  Coliform   MPN/100  mL   0 (in 95 % tests)

E.  Coli   MPN/100  mL   0 ( )* If there is no alternate source

National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005

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¡  The  water  suppliers  should  submit  a  water  quality  improvement  programs(WQIP)    to  the  concerned  ministry  and  MoPH  

¡  It  is  mandatory  upon  service  providers  to  implement  those  programs,  from  second  year  of  approval  of  such  programs  by  the  concerned  ministries  

¡  WQIP  è  WSP     § 4

¡  A management tool to achieve health based target of water supply schemes

¡  An effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of drinking water

¡  A series of works on risk assessment followed by risk management, from catchment to consumer

¡  A variety of interventions at the level of households, community, water supplier and regulator, often with an excellent cost-benefit ratio

¡  A correction of sanitary negligence  

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Guideline

Hand book

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¡  5-­‐7  members  with  one  team  leader  

¡  Define  roles  and  responsibility  

¡  Orient  the  team  for  WSP  

Team Formation 1

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Team Formation System

Assessment

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¡  Understand  the  Project  Components  

¡  Prepare  Social  Map    

¡  Prepare  Flow  Chart  § 11

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Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

3

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Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Control Measures

4

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Hazard point or process Risk score (1 to 4)

Control measures

Source and Catchments Ø Flood entering to the intake 4 Diversion channel

Reservoirs Ø No fencing Ø Damaged Manhole cover

3 4

Do fencing Repair / Replace it

Pipe lines Ø Leak near School 4 Repair

Tap stands and users area Ø Damaged platform 2 Repair

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Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Support & Correction

Control Measures

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¡  Urgent  Correction  with  Priority  

¡  Long  Term  Correction  

¡  Supporting  Program   § 16

Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Urgent Correction

Control Measures

Monitoring Plan

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What to monitor? Who monitors? When to monitor (frequency)?

Source

a) Identification of places from where flood may enter b) Identification of entry point of pollution

1. Govinda BK ( staff) 2. Kamal Narayan 3. Krishna Kattel

Once in two months

Water Treatment Plant

Open wash out valve to flush the treatment units

1.Raghupati KC ( staff) 2. Krishna B. Devkota 3. Balaram Shrestha

Twice in a month

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Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Urgent Correction Validation

Control Measures

Monitoring Plan

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Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Urgent Correction Validation

Control Measures Verification

Monitoring Plan

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 Confirming  that  a  product  or  service  meets  the  needs  of  its  users  

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TSS = 500

Tu=2000

CF=352

TSS = 100

Tu=1400

CF=320

TSS = 20

Tu=50

CF=52 TSS = 0 Tu=<1

CF=0

FRC (Cl2 )= 0.1 mg/l

Cl2 = 1mg/l FRC (Cl2 )= 0.2 mg/l

Validation of Treatment Units (case study)

T#200

T# 300 T# 500

T#300

RF SSF

GC/PST

RVT

TSS in mg/L

Tu in NTU

CF in CFU per 100 mL

Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Urgent Correction

User’s Satisfaction

Validation

Control Measures Verification

Monitoring Plan

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Team Formation System

Assessment

Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

Urgent Correction

User’s satisfaction

Validation

Documentation

Control Measures Verification

Monitoring Plan

10

?

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¡ Resource  management  § Budget  ▪  Foreign    Supports  (WHO,  UN-­‐Habitat,  UNICEF  etc.)  ▪  National  (DWSS,  DOLIDAR  etc.)  ▪  Local  (Project’s)  

§ Equipments  (Microbial  Test-­‐kit)  

§ Manpower  (WSP  Training  for  200  Engineers)    

¡ Advocacy  (National  Workshop,  Awareness                    Program)  

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¡  Type of projects taken for WSP §  Hand Pump/Shallow Tube Wells §  Rural Water Supply Projects §  Urban / Semi-urban Water Supply Projects

¡  Organizations started to work on WSP §  DWSS/ WHO/ UN Habitat §  NEWAH / Water Aid §  ENPHO §  Centre for Integrated Urban Development (CIUD) §  Municipal Association of Nepal (MuAN) §  Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project, WN &

RVWRMP § 27

From 2006 to 2009 ¡  Shallow Tube Well – 1 Cluster ¡  Pilot projects in 12 rural setting ¡  Pilot projects in 5 urban setting

In 2010/2011 ¡  22 Projects in rural setting ¡  20 Projects in Urban Settings ¡  150 Projects (@ 2 # per district)

For 2011/12 §  150 Projects (@ 2 # per district) §  10 Projects in Urban settings §  WHO/AusAid Project III Phase

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Critical Points § 32

Critical Points

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Control  of  Leakage          (Itahari)  

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BEFORE  WSP  

AFTER  WSP  

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BEFORE-­‐  WSP   AFTER-­‐  WSP  

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Name  of  the  project  

District   E-­‐coli  per  100  mL   Sample  point  

Before  WSP  

After  WSP  

Sanopatiyani   Chitawan   150   0   RVT  

100   0   Tap  

Jante   Morang   150   26   Tap  

120   2   Source  

Gahate  Bhyagute  

Nuwakot   90   0   RVT  

95   0   Tap  

Motipur   Kapilbastu   65   0   Deep  Well  

95   5   Tap  

Deurali   Kaski   300   0   RVT  

60   0   Pipeline   37

¡  If source is good, that doesn’t mean the scheme doesn’t need WSP

¡  Different approaches to undertake the WSP

¡  WSP approach doesn’t expect big amount of money but can save money

¡  WSP team must have adequate experience and expertise

¡  Lessons should learnt from case studies

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