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8/6/2019 World Water Week - Asia Day - Presentation Hafeez
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STOCKHOLM WATER CONGRESS
PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEMAND SECTOR REFORMS
BY
ABDUL HAFEEZ
19th August 2008
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily beconsistent with ADB official terms.
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SECTOR OVERVIEW
Pakistan’s Irrigation System is the largest contiguousgravity flow network in the World
It serves as a lifeline for irrigated agriculture in Punjabwhich provides over 90% of the total agriculturalproduction and contributes 20% to the GDP
The climate is arid to semi-arid, with annual rainfall of10 - 15 inches, mainly in the monsoon months (July -September)
The system was designed for low irrigation intensities(60-70%). As a result of agricultural development overtime and groundwater contribution, the irrigation
intensities have now almost doubled (120-150%)2
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SECTOR OVERVIEW
The reservoir capacity is highly inadequate to balancethe river flow fluctuations. Further, the progressivesedimentation has reduced 20% capacity of the existing
reservoirs Groundwater development has contributed significantly
towards meeting the enhanced irrigation requirements.
Over exploitation of groundwater is however posingserious sustainability concerns in most freshgroundwater aquifers
The institutional architecture of the irrigationdepartment has not kept pace with the physical,technical and socio-political developments over time.The international experience suggests that focus needsto shift from development towards improvedmanagement for optimizing the benefits of irrigationsystem
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PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM
SALIENT FEATURES
Head Works/ Barrages : 13 Nos.
Length of Main Canals, Branches,
Distributaries and Minors : 23184 Miles
Total Off-take capacity : 1.2 Lac Cs.
Total Outlets : 58000 Nos.
C.C.A : 20.78 m.
Overall Designed Annual Intensity : 67 %
Actual Intensity : 120-130
Length of Inter River Links : 528 Miles
Off-take Capacity of Links : 1.10 Lac Cs.
Length of Flood Embankments : 1600 Miles.
Length of Surface Drains : 4800 Miles.
Small Dams : 59 Nos.
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OVERVIEW
The surface andgroundwater of theIndus Basin constitute
vital lifeline ofPunjab’s agro-basedeconomy
Punjab faces majorirrigation and drainage
challenges withprofound social,economic and
environmentalimplications
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WATER SECTOR CHALLENGES
Growing water shortages
Lack of transparency and inequities in water
distribution Over-exploitation of groundwater
Progressive deterioration of irrigation
infrastructure
Lack of financial sustainability
Gaps in governance and trust Low water productivity
Increasing environmental hazards
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THE BACKDROP
GO Punjab developed a vision and strategy to
address the irrigation challenges holistically. The
focus of the strategy was on:
Rehabilitation and modernization of irrigation
infrastructure
Continuation and deepening of the ongoing
institutional reforms
Improving water management
Developing groundwater and environment
management framework for sustainability of
irrigated agriculture
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IRRIGATION REFORMS FRAMEWORK
Pillar-I: Institutional and Policy Reforms to improve themanagement and maintenance of the irrigation system toensure its long term physical and financial sustainability
Pillar-II: Water Resource Management Reforms toemphasize the critical importance of water entitlements,measurements, and transparency. The objective is tomake intra-province water allocations and distribution
more transparent, besides regulating exploitation and useof groundwater. Pillar-III: Irrigation Service Delivery Reforms The objective
under this pillar is to improve the quality, efficiency and
accountability of irrigation services, through greaterparticipation of farmers, institutional reforms, and the useof contractual arrangements among water supplyagencies and users.
Pillar-IV: Improving water use efficiency and on-farmproductivity through a system of incentives.
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MAJOR REFORMS INITIATIVES
Pillar-I: Institutional and Policy Reforms
Inventorization of Irrigation Department Assets.
Preparation of a 10 year Asset Management Plan
Realistic O&M Funding on the basis of Up-dated
Yardsticks
An effective O&M Performance EvaluationSystem for greater Transparency and
Accountability.
Transitioning of all FGW and redundant SGW
Tubewells
Improving Collection of Abiana
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MAJOR REFORMS INITIATIVES
Pillar-II: Water Resource Management Reforms
Developing a comprehensive system formonitoring and evaluation of canal allocationsand canal operations. Greater transparency andaccountability through display of canal flow dataon the website.
Implementing a system of accurate and reliablewater measurements
Development and implementation of GWmanagement and regulatory framework
Preparation of decision support model
Study for piloting of water markets in areas
where opportunities exist
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MAJOR REFORMS INITIATIVES
Pillar-III: Irrigation Service Delivery Reforms
Establishment of 4 AWBs and 285 FOs
Institutional analysis of irrigation department forits right-sizing and modernization. Also setting upnew units for strategic planning, groundwatermanagement, environmental conservation,human resources management andcommunications.
Preparation / Launching of CommunicationStrategy
Introduction of Benchmarking and MonitoringSystem for FOs
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MAJOR REFORMS INITIATIVES
Pillar-IV: Improving water Use Efficiency and
On-farm Productivity
A package of incentives for Land Leveling,
Better Farming Practices and WC LiningEconomic Incentive Models for Water
Conservation and High–value Crops
Establishment of a separate Agricultural
Marketing Department for formulation of Internal
and Export Market StrategiesRestructuring of the Agricultural Research
System and Creation of Corporate Research
Organization
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Quantum increase in budget for rehabilitation and modernization of irrigationinfrastructure
From Rs 1.4 billion in 2003-04 to Rs 11 billion in 2007-08 Commitment of sustaining and progressively increasing these funds through
MTBF allocations ( Rs 13 Billion in 08-09 & Rs 16 Billion in 09-10 )
Substantial improvement in O&M allocations for improved maintenance andsustainability of modernization effort
From Rs 1.34 billion in July 2005 to Rs 2.42 billion in 2007-08
Setting up an effective system for ensuring the transparency and quality of O&Mthrough work plans, guidelines and third party engineering audit
Strengthening financial controls by institutionalizing the system of regular DACmeetings
Focused attention on abiana collection and its systematic review by the ChiefSecretary in the monthly DCOs meetings Abiana collection improved from 47% to70%
MAJOR INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
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Putting in place a comprehensive system of entitlements,monitoring and feedback for canal operations. The initiative is beingfurther strengthened by linking it to real-time monitoring and
decision support model
Development of holistic groundwater management framework,action plan, and institutional arrangements. Phased GW
management interventions to ensure sustainable management ofour most precious but threatened resource
As part of IPD modernization, institutional diversification has beenput in place with focus on strategic planning, participatory irrigation
management, procurements, environmental management, projectimplementation and M&E. New organizational units have been setup and staff with multi-disciplinary skills appointed on marketdriven salaries
MAJOR INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
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Developing sensitivity for environmental and socialconsiderations. The checklists for irrigation sectorprepared in-house. Implementation of the checklistsmade mandatory for all the development works andO&M Plans. This signals a major change in thedevelopment planning process
Formulation and implementation, for the first time, ofa comprehensive Communication Strategy andAction Plan for internal as well as external
stakeholders
Initiatives launched for improving water useefficiency and enhancing agriculture productivity
MAJOR INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
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INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
Institutional Reforms in the irrigation sector were initiated in
1997 with the promulgation of PIDA Act
The reforms objectives focus on:
Autonomy and Decentralization
Farmers Participation and Empowerment
Efficiency and Sustainability
The new institutions under the reforms framework include:
PIDA Provincial Level
Area Water Board (AWB) Main Canal Level
Farmer Organization (FO) Distributary Level
Khal Panchayat (KP) Watercourse Level
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Social mobilization of farming community and interaction with
irrigation staff and other stakeholders
Creating awareness among farmers regarding efficient water
management and develop participatory concept
Elections of KPs and ‘Management Committees’ (MCs) of FOs
Capacity building and training of FOs and staff
Irrigation Management Transfer and support to FOs in their
functioning
Monitoring and Evaluation of FOs performance and back up
support
FOs FORMATION PROCESS
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Manage, operate and maintain irrigation canals and
infrastructure
Receive and supply the irrigation water equitably and efficiently
to the farmers
Assessment of abiana and collection from farmers
Depositing of agreed share of abiana (50%) to the PIDA
retaining the remaining to carry out functions of FOs
Settle all farmers disputes relating to water distribution
Employ FO staff for O&M of canals
FUNCTIONS OF FOs
UNDER IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT TRANSFER
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FUNCTIONS OF AWB
Monitor equity in water distribution and take measures for
preventing water theft
Review of expenditures against budget allocations
Monitoring and reviewing O&M work plan of the canals
Monitoring the performance of FOs
Review and supervise the abiana collection by FOs
Preparation and implementation of rotational programs
Assistance in promotion and development of FOs
Recommendations of development schemes
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Five AWBs notified: LCC (E) & (W), LBDC, DG Khan, andBahawalnagar. LCC (E) AWB functional since 2007
284 Farmers Organizations formed in the above AWBs
Irrigation Management Transfer made to 84 FOs in LCC (E) in2005, and to 100 FOs in LCC (W) and CRBC in 2007
The performance evaluation of 84 FOs in LCC (E) AWB indicates
mixed results:
Good Performance 25% FOs
Average Performance 50 % FOs
Poor Performance 20-25% FOs
Declining trend of abiana collection and FO performance in LCC
(East) during last one year
STATUS OF REFORMS
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Both strengths and weaknesses like in any other system
The strengths of the new system include farmers awareness andownership, speedy dispute resolution, efforts for equitable water
distribution and development of local capacity for irrigationmanagement
The weaknesses include declining abiana collection, weaknessin maintenance of accounts and record keeping, increasing watertheft and elite capture in some cases
Imperative need for sustainability of the system and improvingFOs performance :
Continued political support
Nomination of AWB / PIDA Members
Capacity building and mainstreaming of FOs
Closer monitoring and support by PIDA / IPD
Timely action for corrective measures
LESSONS LEARNT
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Ranking
Standard
PIDA
M&E
(2006)(84 FOs)
PIDA
M&E
(2007)(84 FOs)
JICA Survey
(March 2007)(84 FOs)
Third PartyMonitoring
(May 2008)(10 FOs)
Good
(>85%)
13
(15%)
25
(30%)
19
(23%)
2
(20%)
Satisfactory
(70%-85%)
34
(40%)
19
(23%)
47
(56%)
2
(20%)
Adequate
(55%-70%)
26
(31%)
25
(30%)
13
(15%)
4
(40%)
Poor
(<55%)
11
(13%)
15
(18%)
5
(6%)
2
(20%)
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF84 FARMERS ORGANIZATIONS
AWB/LCC (E) CIRCLE, FAISALABAD
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STATUS OF ABIANA COLLECTION
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Sr.No.
CropSeason
No.of
FOs
CCA(M.A.)
NetAssessedAmount(M. Rs.)
CollectedAmount(M. Rs.)
Av.% ageCollection
Remarks
1 Rabi2004-05 65 1.167 47.602 42.20 88.3%
28 FOs: 100%22 FOs: more than 85 %collection
2 Kharif2005 84 1.715 112.477 90.80 80.7%
24 FOs: 100%26 FOs: more than 85 %
collection3 Rabi
2005-06 80 1.593 61.317 49.20 79.9%22 FOs: 100%18 FOs: more than 85 %collection
4 Kharif
2006 84 1.715 114.363 71.30 63.5%
15 FOs: 100%
19 FOs: more than 85 %collection
5 Rabi2006-07 80 1.593 65.893 56.77 83.19%
35 FOs: 100%13 FOs: more than 85 %collection
6Kharif2007
84 1.715 123.600 60.93 49.3%05 FOs: 100%04 FOs: more than 85 %collection
STATUS OF ABIANA COLLECTIONAWB/LCC (E) CIRCLE FAISALABAD
(UPTO 31.07.2008)
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