world war i “mania”: causes of the war what events and actions led to the start of wwi? why was...
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World War I “MANIA”:Causes of the War
What events and actions led to the start of WWI?Why was WWI different than any war before it?
How did world leaders react?
MANIA before the war• Militarism—when a nation’s armed forces come
to dominate a country’s national policy– glorification of the military and war itself
• Alliances—treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor (a military “buddy system”)
• Nationalism—pride and patriotism in one’s nation/country, often to an extreme
• Imperialism–domination by a country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
• Assassination—planned killing/murder (in this case, of an important leader)
Militarism
THE GOOD• Having a large, strong
army made citizens feel patriotic
THE BAD• When one nation is
militaristic, its neighbors often do the same to protect their own people
• This fuels an arms race, creating tension
MAJOR MILITARISTIC POWERS:
Germany: build up of armsUntersee boats (U-Boats)
Militarism Questions• What causes
militarism?• What is its main
purpose?
caused by the desire to protect overseas
colonies from other countries its purpose is to protect & defend
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
Militarism Questions• What did the major countries do to
prepare for both offense (attacking others) and defense (protecting themselves)?
-increased stocks of arms-more modern weapons-built strategic railways
Alliances
European Alliances
Germany
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Triple Triple EntenteEntente::
Triple Triple EntenteEntente::
Triple Triple AllianceAlliance::
Triple Triple AllianceAlliance::
Alliances Questions
• What is the main purpose of an alliance?
purpose is to protect themselves from opposing armed
forces
Alliances Questions
• What did the leaders of alliances in the late 1800s hope would happen?
hoped no country would attack another, since it would provoke that country’s allies to fight as well
Alliances Questions
• Why do you think so many alliances were made? If there had been unrest in Europe, how would alliances help?
alliances were made because Europe wanted peace & these were a way to keep countries from fighting
Alliances Questions• In the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907, there
are some examples of why Great Britain and Russia allied despite the fact that they had been rivals. What are some of these examples?
-they were greatly threatened by Germany
-didn’t like Wilhelm II’s aggressiveness
-Germany became a bigger enemy to Great Britain than Russia had been
Alliances Questions
• How were alliances a cause of WWI?
-alliances drew other countries into war when two countries began fighting
-had been made secretly, causing suspicion
-heightened war tension
-Germany was surrounded
Imperialism
THE GOOD• Good for imperialistic
powers, who were able to gain resources.
THE BAD• Nations subject to
imperialism felt exploited and often powerless
• Caused rivalry among imperialist powers and mistrust in general
MAJOR IMPERIAL POWERS:
EnglandItaly?
Imperialism Questions
• What was the main purpose of imperialism?
purpose was to expand empire as far as possible
to become more powerful
Imperialism Questions
• How might a country defend a colony/territory it controlled that was hundreds of thousands of miles away?
it might need a large army
it might need a large/fast navy
Imperialism Questions
• What might happen with so many colonies/territories that were so close to possible enemies, such as in Africa?
two countries might claim the same territory as their own
fighting might easily break out
Imperialism Questions• What did colonial rivalry (similar to
imperialism) lead to indirectly? What were the relationships among the powers like?
-formation & strengthening of alliances-intense arms race-relationships hurt because all wanted the
same things
Imperialism Questions
• How did imperialism help cause WWI?
each country wanted to be better than others
each country wanted to keep its power
Nationalism
THE GOOD• Having a large, strong
army made citizens feel patriotic
THE BAD• When one nation is
militaristic, its neighbors often do the same to protect their own people
• This fuels an arms race, creating tension
MAJOR MILITARISTIC POWERS:
Germany: build up of armsUntersee boats (U-Boats)
Nationalism Questions• What is nationalism? What are the
two different kinds of nationalism?
nationalism is a strong devotion to a national group or culture
1) desire of subject people for independence
2) desire of independent nations for dominance & prestige
Nationalism Questions
• What areas did France lose to Germany in 1871? How would you feel as a person who lived in that area? What would you do?
Alsace-Lorraine was lost to Germany
upset because I didn’t have a say in all of the sudden having a new government
Nationalism Questions
• Which country had the largest overseas empire? Which kind of nationalism did this country have?
Great Britain
second kind, to keep dominance & prestige
Nationalism Questions
• How was nationalism a cause of WWI?
some areas had a lot of ethnic unrest & wanted their own countries
ex: Serbia & Austria-Hungary
Assassination
• The “spark” that started WWI
• On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia
• The region this happened, called The Balkans, was considered a “powder keg” for tension:– Dfda
– Dfeddf
– dfdfd
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914
• Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The Point of No Return
• Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
• Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
• Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
• Germany declares war on Russia
• France pledges their support for Russia
• Germany declares war on France
• Germany invades Belgium on the way to France
• Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::
World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
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