world system theories and the modernization theory presentation.pptx
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World system theories and the
modernization theory
Madalitso Mlava Mbendera
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LAYOUT OF THE PRESENTATION
Introduction
World system theories by Immanual Wallerstein
Brief history to the modernization process
Modernization theory by Walt Roslow
The validity of modernization theory in the contemporary wor
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How did the modern world comebe??
The World System Theories was developed by Immanual Wall1970s
The modern world system, essentially capitalist (Remember Ka
nature followed the crisis of the feudal system
Wallerstein developed this theoretical framework to understahistorical changes involved in the rise of the modern world an
modernization had such wide-ranging and different effects o It helps explain the rise of Western Europe to world supremac
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The Core, Periphery, semi-Periphery
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THE PAST AND THE PRESENT WORLSYSTEM
THE CORE - benefited the most from the capitalist world econ
THE PERIPHERY – They lacked strong central Government
THE SEMI-PERIPHERY – They were either core regions in declineattempting to improve their relative position in the world eco
In today's global hierarchy, some states are transitioning upwothers are moving downward in terms of status and influence
The capitalist world system shows that it has brought about a development in which economic and social disparities betwthe world economy have increased rather than provided pro
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THE MODERNIZATIONTHEORY
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HOW MODERNIZATION CAME TO BE…
World War 2 has ended (1939 – 1945), The soviet union still around
1947 – Cold war - western bloc dominated by USA and eastern Bloc dominatUnion
These are two super powers with different ideologies when it comes to their and political agendas (soviet Union – Communism and USA – Capitalist)
The rapid de-colonisation of Africa and Asia
In came in the liberal democracy and the market based capitalist over the sglobal communism
Countries suffer greatly and try to recover
Meanwhile the USA emerge as the richest of them all and becomes the mostcountry in the world
Poor countries were still poor and the western embarked on a mission to bringbetween the poor and rich.
Less developed countries to assume the characteristics of the developed cowest…….
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Development means…“Becoming mus!!”
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Modernization Theory
1960 Walt Roslow – an America economic historian scholar
Development should be viewed as a revolution process in whcountries progress the development radar until they becomelike the western countries
All countries go through the same path of development. The
Countries should model themselves after the West, aspiring to
state of capitalism and a liberal democracy
According to Roslow, Societies can be divided into 5 differendevelopment
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ROSLOW’S 5 STAGES
Traditional society – Few technologies Less savings, no investmAgricultural based
Pre-conditional for Take – off – Pressure for change Rise of invbetter transport networks
Take-off -Urbanization, Economic growth, commercialization ideas of modernization industrial,
Maturity – technology innovations, national economy growthtrade
Mass production for mass consumption - Real income rises, sosecurity welfare
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Singapore
Singapore became independent in 1965, it did not seem to hexceptional prospects for growth.
It however industrialized early, developing profitable manufahigh-tech industries.
Singapore is now highly urbanized, with 100% of the populatiourban people.
It is one of the most sought-after trade partners in the internawith a higher per-capita income than many European count
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HOWEVER….
Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating amongfree-market ideologies, world-systems theorists, globalization dependency theory among others
The dependency theory states that poor countries like most cAfrica were never developed. They were underdeveloped…made it worse…slave trade, mineral extraction, destroying traculture
issues can only be solved it the countries break away from thmarket – de-links itself, as they are being exploited by the ponations…For example Mining Industry in Malawi
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Something to think about…
“The idea of development stands like a ruin in the intellectuDelusion and disappointment, failures and crimes have becompanions of development and they tell a common story;
Moreover, the historical conditions which catapulted prominence have vanished. Development has become above all, the hopes and desires which made the ideaexhausted. Development has gone obsolete”
Wolfgang sachs – The development dictionary
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