women empowerment
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Approaches to Women’s Development
Session 3
DEFINITIONThe manifestation of redistribution of power
that challenges patriarchal ideology and male dominance.
Chandra 1997Process aimed at changing the nature and
direction of systematic forces which marginalize women and other disadvantaged sections in a given context.
Sharma 1992.
Empowerment is probably the totality of the following or similar capabilities:
• Decision-making power of their own• Access to information and resources for
taking proper decision• Having a range of options /choices• Assertiveness in collective decision
making• Positive thinking on the ability to make
change• Ability to learn skills.• Ability to change others’ perceptions by
democratic means.• Involving in the growth process and
changes that is never ending and self-initiated
• Increasing one’s positive self-image and overcoming stigma
PRE-REQUISITES OF EMPOWERMENT
Active participation in social economic and political spheres.
Process of decision making empowerment.
Desired self-respect.Social dignity.Involvement of women in decision making process
LEVELS OF EMPOWERMENTWelfare
Access
Participation
FACILITATING FACTORS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Existence of women's organizations Availability of support systems Availability of women-specific Availability of funds Feminist leadership Networking Favourable media coverage Favourable policy climate.
CONSTRAINING FACTORS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Heavy work load of women.Isolation of women from each other.Illiteracy.Traditional views limit participation.No funds.Disagreements/conflicts among women's
groups.Structural adjustment policies.Negative and sensational coverage of media
ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Next generation will be empowered because of her.
If woman will be empowered she will not be a burden on anyone.
Financial burden of man can be shared with her support.
Family can be more strong because of both working hands.
When financial problems will be shared.
RIGHTS OF WOMENThe right to work as a human being.The right to the same employment
opportunities, including application of the same criteria for selection.
The right to free choice of profession and employment, the right to promotion, job security and all benefits and conditions of service and right to receive vocational training and retraining.
The right to equal remuneration.The right of social security as well as the
right to paid leave.The right to protection of health and to
safety.
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMENEconomic Empowerment of women
Poverty Eradication by offering them a range of economic and social options, along with necessary support measures to enhance their capabilities
Micro Credit
Strengthening of existing micro-credit mechanisms and micro-finance institution will be undertaken so that the outreach of credit is enhanced
Women and Economy Their contribution to socio-economic development as producers and workers will be recognized in the formal and informal sectors (including home based workers) and appropriate policies relating to employment and to her working conditions should be drawn up.
GlobalizationBenefits of the growing global economy have been unevenly distributed leading to wider economic disparities, increased gender inequality through often deteriorating working conditions and unsafe working environment.
Women and AgricultureConcentrated efforts should be made to ensure that benefits of training, extension and various programmes will reach them in proportion to their numbers.
Women and IndustryComprehensive support in terms
of labour legislation, social security and other support services to participate in various industrial sectors
Support Services Child care facilities for working women, homes for the aged and the disabled women
Social Empowerment of Women Education for womenEqual access to education as men and boys
Healthcare for women
Participation of women in development of science and technology
Nutrition of women
Drinking Water and Sanitation
Housing and Shelter
Environment
Political Empowerment
Recognizing that education and training to acknowledge and accept the glaring gender based bias
Empowering women by increasing awareness regarding the rights of an employee.
Work on the communication skills of womenEncouraging and supporting women
entrepreneurs to develop marketable models of enterprise
Planning educational and training modules for motivating women to take up self- empowerment programmes.
Educating and training women to gainfully engage in markets and institutions.
Publicizing the central role of women in the national economies and celebrating the success stories of women entrepreneurship and women professionalism in every field.
Gender training and sensitization of the current structures of the society represented by the government, non-governmental bodies and private enterprises.
Improving the flow and access of credit and finance for women through financial institutions for female entrepreneurs at the governmental and non-governmental levels.
The access of credit to be financed through collateral for loans.
Building and strengthening networks where women come together from different nations and regions for common goal economic empowerment of women.
Cultural Empowerment of Women There should be a change in the mind set of
society on a fundamental level. Cultural empowerment as such can be achieved only when women are treated as human beings first and foremost
Women in difficultiesFighting against violence and
discrimination
Rights of the Girl Child
Mass Media
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMMES
Goals and objectives:
Advancement and development of women in every walk of life.
Creating an environment through economic and social policies.
Enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedom
Equal access to participation and decision making Equal access to women at all levelsStrengthening legal systemsActive participation and involvement of both men
and women. Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the
development process.
Goals and objectives
• Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all levels, career and vocational guidance, employment, equal remuneration, occupational health and safety, social security and public office etc.
• Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of discrimination against women
• Changing societal attitudes and community practices by active participation and involvement of both men and women.
• Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the development process.
• Elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence against women and the girl child;
• Building and strengthening partnerships with civil society.
Components Educational empowerment.
Social empowerment.
Women in difficulties
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) – ‘Sabla’
Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB)The National Mission for Empowerment
of Women Was launched by the Government of India
(GoI) on International Women’s Day in 2010Strengthen the inter-sector convergence;
facilitate the process of coordinating all the women’s welfare and socio-economic development programmes across ministries and departments.
Mission Poorna Shakti
Focus Area of the Mission
Access to health, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene facilities for women .
Coverage of all girls especially those belonging to vulnerable groups in schools from primary to class 12 .
Higher and Professional education for girls/women. Skill development, Micro credit, Vocational
Training, Entrepreneurship, SHG development .Gender sensitization and dissemination of
information. Taking steps to prevent crime against women and
taking steps for a safe environment for women .
Key Strategies of the Mission
Facilitating inter-sector convergence of schemes.
Strengthening institutional framework At policy level commission research, evaluation studies, review schemes, programmes and legislation, and do outcome assessment
Enhance economic empowerment.Evolve with the support of community representatives and groups
Convergence ModelA project to test a model of delivery for
convergent implementation of programmes intended for welfare and development of women.
The women centre at the village level, the first point of contact for women will be known as the Poorna Shakti Kendra (PSK).
Village coordinators at the Kendras would reach out to the women with the motto
"HUM SUNENGE NAARI KI BAAT!"
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