what is science? agenda for thursday sept 4 th 1.nature of science/scientific method
Post on 24-Dec-2015
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Nature of Science
• Science – body of knowledge based on the study of nature– Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science
• Process based on inquiry that seeks to develop explanations
7 things Science does
• Relies on evidence• Expands knowledge• Challenges accepted theories• Questions results• Tests claims• Peer Review• Uses metric system
Problem/QuestionObservation/Research
Formulate a HypothesisExperiment
Collect and Analyze ResultsConclusion
Communicate the Results
Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.
Steps of the Scientific Method
2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your
topic of interest.
Steps of the Scientific Method
3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem
or question.Example: If soil temperatures rise,
then plant growth will increase.
Steps of the Scientific Method
4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure.
Include a detailed materials list.
Experimental Design• Control group – used for comparison, baseline
– may be a “no treatment” group– exposed to same conditions as experimental group,
except for the variable being tested– All experiments should have a control group
• Experimental Group – group that gets tested• 1 factor changes at a time
•Many trials
Experimental Design• Independent (manipulated) variable – a factor
that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter– tested factor
• Dependent (responding) variable – the factor that may change as a result of independent variable
• depends on the outcome of the independent variable• What you want to measure
• Constant – remains same in every test experiment
Data• Information gathered during an experiment
– Qualitative – observations
– Quantitative – numbers
Steps of the Scientific Method
5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed.Confirm the results by retesting.
Include tables, graphs, and photographs.
Steps of the Scientific Method
6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the
hypothesis.Make recommendations for further
study and possible improvements to the procedure.
Steps of the Scientific Method
7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project.
Paper, presentations
Think you can name all seven steps?
Problem/QuestionObservation/ResearchFormulate a HypothesisExperimentCollect and Analyze ResultsConclusionCommunicate the Results
What is qualitative data? What is quantitative data?
Agenda for Friday Sept 5th 1. Types of graphs2. Outside lab
Leaf Lab DirectionsPart A1. Make 10 observations of the tree/leaf/outside
Part B2. Each person acquire 1 leaf.3. Measure (in cm) from base of leaf to tip of leaf.4. Record you and your partners lengths in data table5. Compile class data6. Record class data7. Make graph
Observations and inferences
• Inference - using observations, prior knowledge/experiences, and details from context to make connections and come up with ideas.
• Deduction – make a conclusion from something known or assumed
Models• A representation of an object or event
– Technology• Computer simulated model
• Hands on exploration
Hypotheses, Theories, Laws
• hypothesis – a suggested explanation; • a proposal based on reason that predicts a
possible correlation between multiple phenomena (incidents, events, observations, etc.)
Laws
• law – notes only that something happens;• happens consistently and across the universe• usually simply stated• frequently can be stated mathematicallyExample:• Newton’s 2nd Law: a = f/m
Theories
• theory – explains why something happens;• A framework about a class or group of
phenomena• Note – Theories are never “proven” – they are
confirmed by overwhelming data; all theories, like all ideas in science, are subject to correction
Representation of Data
• Graphical/statistical
1 29
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
1 20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Funding of research
• Who is funding the research?–Bp or Exxon oil
• (Global climate change)–Tobacco industry (risks of smoking)–Audubon Society
• (Location of pipeline / Arctic drilling)–Greenpeace
Cultural Bias
• Questionnaires or surveys:–Surveys written in English given
to non-English language speakers
Mr. Novak is working on a science project. His task is to answer the question: "Does Plantgro (a commercial plant product) affect the speed of plant growth".
Q: Describe how Mr. Novak would perform this experiment. Identify the control group, and the independent and dependent variables in your description.
Agenda for Friday Dec 13th 1. Quiz2. Read article
Julie soaked six different kinds of seeds in water for 24 hours. Then she planted the seeds in soil at a depth of 1 cm. She used the same amount of water, light, and heat for each kind of seed to see how each seed would grow.What 4 factors are being controlled?What is the independent variable?Agenda for Monday Dec 16th 1. Alka Seltzer lab part 1
What is the difference between a theory and a law?
Agenda for Tuesday Dec 17th 1. Alka seltzer lab part 2
Test Friday
1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave
Groups 1/2 A lot 51.4 56.5 55.6 56.15 69.2 67
Groups 3/4 200 mL 46.8 72 52 61 52 40
Groups 5/6 A little 48 34.6 28.7 26.1 20 20.7
1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave
Groups 7/8 Hot 18.9 19.5 23.8 24.6 25.8 24.9
Groups 9/10 Room Temp 52 50 56 65 57 90
Groups 11/12 Cold 75.3 63.3 80 86.2 94.9 122.5
Period 5 Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave
Groups 1/2 A lot 50.9 42.4 48 55.2 50.9 59.8
Groups 3/4 200 mL 55 54.3 49.6 49.4 49.1 48
Groups 5/6 A little 46.6 42.2 43.8 50.3 46.4 63.7
1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave
Groups 7/8 Hot 27 26 25 17.1 23.1 24.9
Groups 9/10 Room Temp 57.2 36.5 38.17 30.6 36.19 34.3
Groups 11/12 Cold 95 108 123 104 101 115
1 2 3 4 5 6 Ave
Groups 13/14 Stirred 45 38 53 47 36 33
Groups 15/16 Not stirred 43 81 100 94 81 72
Period 3 Data
What is the difference between control and constants?
Agenda for Wednesday Dec 18th
1. Scientific method practice2. Design Bridge
Test Friday
List the 4 areas of bias.
Agenda for Thursday Dec 19th 1. Build and Test Bridge
Test Tomorrow**I will look at stamps***
TEST
• Scientific method– Independent/dependent variable– Control group/experimental– Constants
• Areas of bias• Observation/inferences• Qualitative/quantitative
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