what is cvi?€¦ · what causes cvi? cvi is caused by any event that produces damage to the visual...
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WHAT IS CVI?
THERE MAY BE A DIAGNOSIS OF CVI WHEN:
A CHILD’S EYE MOVEMENTS, PUPIL REACTIONS AND EYE
EXAMINATIONS MAY APPEAR TO BE NORMAL--YET THE CHILD IS
UNABLE TO SEE NORMALLY.
CORTICAL (AKA CEREBRAL) VISUAL IMPAIRMENT (CVI) IS AN
ACQUIRED BILATERAL VISUAL ACUITY LOSS CAUSED BY BRAIN
DAMAGE TO THE OCCIPITAL LOBES AND/OR DAMAGE TO THE
POSTERIOR VISUAL PATHWAY ASSOCIATED WITH THE VISUAL
CORTEX (PICTURES FOLLOW). IT CAN BE CONGENITAL OR
ADVENTITIOUS.
SOME FORM OF BRAIN DAMAGE PRODUCES DISTURBED AND
INEFFICIENT VISUAL PROCESSING AND VISUAL SENSE.
CVI IS ALSO BRAIN-BASED:
WHAT CAUSES CVI?
CVI IS CAUSED BY ANY EVENT THAT PRODUCES DAMAGE TO
THE VISUAL PARTS OF THE BRAIN, INCLUDING:
STROKE * HYDROCEPHALUS (INCREASED BRAIN
PRESSURE), * SEIZURES, * DECREASES IN BLOOD FLOW OR
OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN
INFECTION (MENINGITIS OR ENCEPHALITIS), OR HEAD
TRAUMA. ZIKA (& MICROCEPHALY) COULD ALSO CAUSE CVI.
HEAD TRAUMA, ACCIDENTAL OR INTENTIONAL (AS IN THE
CASE OF SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME), IS THE LEADING CAUSE
OF CVI IN CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES.
WHAT ARE CVI CHARACTERISTICS? (10) Unusual Attention to Color Difficulties with Visual
Novelty
Attention to Movement Reflex Responses May Differ
Latency (Delayed Response
to Look)
Difficulties with Distance
Viewing
Complexity (Challenges in
Making Sense of Things)
Light Gazing
Visual Field Differences
(Optic Radiations
Different/Head Turns/Not
Paying Attention to Things
Absence of A Visually-
Directed Reach
WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF CVI? (3)
CAN CVI BE TREATED?
• YES! DEGREES OF SUCCESS VARY GIVEN PHASES &
SPECIFIC IEP DIAGNOSES. ONCE TREATED SUSTAINABLY,
IMPROVEMENT CAN HAPPEN IN PHASES AND IN RANGES....
• IT IS IMPORTANT TO START EARLY INTERVENTION TO HELP
STIMULATE VISUAL DEVELOPMENT, SINCE THERE ARE
CERTAIN TIMEFRAME(S) FOR VISUAL DEVELOPMENT, SO
EARLIER TREATMENT HELPS TO MAXIMIZE IMPROVEMENT.
• TO FURTHER MAXIMIZE CVI TREATMENT, PARENTS AND
CAREGIVERS SHOULD KEEP A WRITTEN LIST OF SPECIFIC
CHANGES AND OBSERVATIONS FOR DISCUSSION AT EACH
PHYSICIAN VISIT. PARENTS SHOULD SUPPORT TREATMENT
ROUTINELY.
• TREATMENT MAY INCLUDE GLASSES OR EYE MUSCLE
SURGERY IF HELPFUL TO MAXIMIZE VISUAL FUNCTION.
COMMON TREATMENTS• VISUAL STIMULATING EXERCISES (VSES INCLUDE
FEELING/ TOUCHING VARIOUS MATERIALS AND TRYING
TO RECOGNIZE THEM)
• VSES ARE BENEFICIAL TO CHILDREN WITH CVI IN THAT
THEY ARE BETTER ABLE TO USE THEIR VISION.
• EFFECTIVE VISUAL STIMULATION CAN HELP, FOR
EXAMPLE, WITH THE WAY IN WHICH A CHILD IS ABLE
TO USE AND SWITCH HIS VISUAL ATTENTION.
• THIS IS DONE BY GIVING THE CORRECT STIMULATION
AT THE CORRECT FREQUENCY, INTENSITY AND
DURATION IN THE CORRECT THERAPEUTIC
ENVIRONMENT – INDIVIDUALIZED!
TREATMENTS – SOME EXPERT METHODS
TREATMENT NEEDS TIME:
cortical visual impairment treated
requires patience because the
person may take a while to
recognize simple objects and
faces even after consistent
exposure.
DR. ROMAN
D. SHELINE
DR. LUECK [FVE]
& DR. DUTTON
COMMON TREATMENTS – MAKING CUSTOM LITERACY TOOLS
TREATMENTS – FOR MORE KEY STRATEGIES & TOOLS, VISIT MENU AT
http://seevisite.weebly.com/
FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS FROM CVI:o PROVIDE TIME TO PROCESS THINGS VISUALLY.
o USE MOVEMENT AND BRIGHT, SHINY COLORS TO
ACTIVATE VISUAL ATTENTION AND CAPITALIZE ON
VARYING VISUAL FIELDS AND USE OF PERIPHERAL
VISION.
o PRESENT ITEMS FROM THE SIDE FIRST, THEN MOVE THEM
TOWARDS THE CENTER--WHICH CAN OFTEN HELP A CHILD
RESPOND VISUALLY.
o MIND THE LIGHTING! SEE SHELINE’s WORK.
o FREQUENT “VISION BREAKS” HELP, AS WELL AS
REFRAINING FROM PRIMARILY VISUAL TASKS WHEN A
CHILD IS HUNGRY, TIRED OR ILL. SEEING TAKES ENERGY.
FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CONDITION
• REPETITION AND USE OF FAMILIAR, CONCRETE AND
PREFERRED OBJECTS HELPS. DEVELOP A ROUTINE WAY
TO PRESENT ITEMS/COMPLETE TASKS TO BE USED BY
ALL CAREGIVERS.
• AVOID CLUTTER AND OVERSTIMULATION. PRESENT
ITEMS ONE AT A TIME ON A DARK BACKGROUND.
• SELECT BOOKS WITH ONE LARGE PICTURE PER PAGE OR
A SOLID COLOR BALL OR BLOCKS. KEEP IT SIMPLE AND
INCREASE VISUAL COMPLEXITY SLOWLY OVER TIME.
REFERENCES (MORE ON WEEBLY SITE) • CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT (2014). RETRIEVED FROM
WWW.AAPOS.ORG/TERMS/CONDITIONS/40
• CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT PEDIATRIC VISUAL DIAGNOSIS FACT SHEET (FALL
1998). RETRIEVED FROM WWW.TSBVI.EDU/SEEHEAR/FALLL98/CORTICAL.HTM
• WHAT IS CVI? (2012). RETRIEVED FROM WWW.APH.ORG/CVI/DEFINE.HTML
• BROWN, C. (N.D.). ASSESSING AND FACILITATING THE USE OF
FUNCTIONAL VISION IN YOUNG CHILDREN WHO ARE VISUALLY
IMPAIRED. RETRIEVED 6-16-2014 FROM
WWW.INFANTVA.ORG/DOCUMENTS/PR-ITC-VAFUNCTIONALVISION.PDF
• GOOD, W., JAN, J., BURDEN, S., SKOCZENSKI, A. ROWAN, A. (2001).
RECENT ADVANCES IN CORTICAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY 43: 56 – 60.
LINK TO RESOURCES (WWW.SEEVISITE.WEEBLY.COM)
• CASE STUDY (TSBVI)
• INFORMATION REGARDING
CASSIE
• BROCHURE AND FACT SHEET
• SEE ALSO PARENT BROCHURES,
TEACHER TOOLS, VIDEOS &
LIVEBINDER
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