what is computer introduction to computing
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Living in a Digital World
Discovering Computers 2010
Ahmad Idrees
A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
2Ahmad Idrees
What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
3Page 6
Information Processing Cycle
What Is a Computer?
4Page 6 Figure 1-2
The Components of a Computer
5Pages 6 - 8
The Components of a Computer
6Page 7 Figure 1-3
The Components of a ComputerWhat is an input device?
Hardware used to enter dataand instructions into a computer e.g, keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner and web cam etc.
7
The Components of a ComputerWhat is an output device?
Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople e.g. printer, monitor and speakers etc.
8
The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit? Case containing
Electronic componentsused to process data.
9
The Components of a ComputerWhat are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)Also called a processor.
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer.
MemoryMemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
10
The Components of a ComputerWhat is storage?
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored e.g. USB flash drive,
hard disks, optical discs and memory cards..
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored e.g. USB flash drive,
hard disks, optical discs and memory cards..
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
11
The Components of a ComputerWhat is a USB flash drive? Provides much
greater storage capacity than a floppy disk
Portable storage device small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket.
12
The Components of a ComputerWhat is a hard disk? Provides greater storage
capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive
Most are housed inside of the system unit
13
The Components of a ComputerWhat is a optical disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc e.g. CDs, DVDs.
14
The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions and information
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular networks, satellites, and other transmission media
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Computer Applications in Society
16
Computer Applications in Society
17
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
Advantages of Using Computers
Disadvantages of Using Computers
18
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
• Strategies include:– Recycling– Regulating manufacturing processes– Extending the life of computers– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
19
Networks and the Internet
• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together through transmission media.
20
To shareTo share
Networks and the InternetWhat are the reasons to network?
ResourcesResources
Hardware devices
Hardware devices
Software programs
Software programs
DataData To save time and
money
To save time and
moneyInformationInformation
21
Networks and the InternetWhat is a server? A server manages
the resources on a network
Clients access the resources on the server
22
Networks and the InternetWhat is the Internet? Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
23
Networks and the InternetWhat is the Web?
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is a collection of
related Web pagesA Web page contains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to other Web pages
A Web page contains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to other Web pages
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
24
Networks and the Internet
• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
25
Computer Software
• Software, also called a program,consists of series of instructions that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
26
Computer SoftwareWhat is system software?
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
27
Computer SoftwareWhat is application software?
Presentation Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word Processing
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
28
Computer Software
• A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
29
Categories of Computers
30
Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple– Desktop computer
31
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
32
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
33
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
34
Game Consoles
• A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
35
Servers
• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network– Provides a centralized
storage area for programs, data, and information
36
Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
37
Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
38
Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
39
Embedded Computers
40
Elements of an Information System
41
Elements of an Information System
42
Summary
43
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