what are minerals? if the word "mineral" makes you think of rocks, you're right!...
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What are minerals?
If the word "mineral" makes you think of rocks, you're right! Minerals are substances like calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc that are found in rocks and the soil. They also are needed for optimal nutrition. There are 16 different minerals that are known to be needed in our diets. Several other minerals may be needed in very small amounts.
MACRO MINERALS MICRO- MINERALS
Sodium Iron
Potassium Zinc
Chloride Iodide
Calcium Selenium
Phosphorus Copper
Magnesium Fluoride
Sulfur Chromium
Manganese
TYPES OF MINERALS...
MINERALS SOURCESIRON red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs
IODINE iodized salt, seafood, etc.
CALCIUM dairy products, egg, green leafy vegetables, etc.
PHOSPHORUS cheese, meat, cereal, etc.
CALCIUM- MACROMINERAL• Important for healthy bones and
teeth; helps muscles relax and contract; important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health
• Deficiency- weak bones and teeth• Excess- renal insufficiency, increased
calcium excretion in urine and kidney stones
PHOSPHOROUS- MACROMINERAL• Important for healthy bones and
teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance
• DEFICIENCY- painful bones and breathlessness
• Excess- interferes with calcium absorption, leads to removal of calcium from the bones leading to weak bones, increased risk of heart diseases.
IRON- MICROMINERAL• Part of a molecule
hemoglobin found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body; needed for energy metabolism
• Deficiency- Anemia• Excess –can cause
premature aging, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, liver damage, heart disease and brain disorders
IODINE- MICROMINERAL
• Found in thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth, development, and metabolism
• DEFICIENCY –GOITRE• Excess- can lead to burning of
the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma
NUTRITIVE VALUE
• The maximum amount of iron you should consume is 45 mg. Consuming more than 2,500 mg of calcium per day might lead to kidney dysfunction, kidney stones and problems with soft tissues.
• Toxicity of zinc occurs when you have more than 40 mg per day.
NUTRITIVE VALUE
• The table below shows the nutritive values of all the minerals- MINERALS NUTRITIVE VALUES
Potassium 4700mgChlorine 2300mgSodium 1500mgCalcium 1300mg
Phosphorus 700mgMagnesium 420mgManganese 2.3mg
Copper 0.9mg
Effects on cooking
• Heating does not affect mineral levels. • Though minerals are not lost due to heat, but
are usually removed if cooked in boiling water,• Steaming is probably the best cooking method
with respect to mineral loss.
QUESTIONS…
Q1. What are minerals?ANS: Minerals are substances like calcium & iron that
are found in rocks and the soil. They are needed for optimal nutrition. Plants take in minerals with water. When these plants are eaten by animals, minerals are transferred too. We need these minerals in our diet, as they are very important.
QUESTIONS…
Q2. What are the 2 types of minerals? Give 2 e.g. for each.
Ans: The 2 types of minerals are: micro minerals and macro minerals. E.g. of micro mineral are; iron & iodine and that of macro minerals are; potassium & calcium.
QUESTIONS…
Q3. Match the following:
MINERALS SOURCESIRON iodized salt, seafood, etc.
IODINE red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs
CALCIUM cheese, meat, cereal, etc.
PHOSPHORUS dairy products, egg, green leafy vegetables, etc.
QUESTIONS…
Q4. Explain any 2 deficiency diseases due to minerals.
Ans: the 2 deficiency diseases are:Anemia: less amount of iron present andGoitre: less amount of iodine present.
Q5. Find out 4 deficiency diseases. I ON DO I Z V B N I OF
F M R HI I J KI KL I A
A B W E A K B O N E
I RO MA G N NE H E U X
G O I T R E M H F IN
Z X D BN K I MK LI N O
L P H I A V X ZI N T
P A IN F U L B O N E
QUESTIONS…Q6. ________is probably the best cooking method
with respect to mineral loss. ANS: STEAMINGQ7. Red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs are
examples of ________. ANS: IRONQ8. Calcium and _______ are e.g. of macro mineral.ANS: PHOSPHORUSQ9. The 2 factors of minerals are______ & ________.ANS: AGE, SEASON
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