well control equipment
Post on 02-Dec-2015
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Oil & Gas Exploration and Production
Exploration - Finding Oil & Gas. Oil & Gas fields are identified using seismic data which is obtained
from seismic surveys and its interpretation using computer modeling.
To confirm the interpretations of the seismic data, Drilling is done which is also called as exploratory drilling.
Based on well testing data & reserves estimates, if commercially viable, field development plans are made.
Includes development well drilling & completion. Oil and Gas production, processing & transportation. Work Over (Sick well repair jobs) rig deployment to maintain
production. Dry or unsafe well Abandonment.
Well Control
Balancing or preventing Formation Fluid entering into the well bore by controlling mud hydrostatic pressure.
Primary well control can be achieved using well control equipment.
Types of Well control
Hydrostatic Pressure - It is the pressure exerted by a static column of fluid by virtue of its density.
Primary well control - The maintenance of sufficient hydrostatic head exerted by drilling fluid to hold back the formation fluid pressure is termed as “Primary Well Control”.
Secondary well control - It involves detection & safe handling of kicks so as to re-establish primary well control.
Tertiary well control - It involves the techniques used to control a blow-out once the primary & Secondary Controls are lost.This primarily involves a re-establishment of the secondary control system & subsequently establishing the Primary Control.
Kick & BlowoutKick Influx or flow of formation fluid into the well bore. Occurs if formation pressure is greater than Bottom
Hole Pressure exerted in the well bore. Blowout Uncontrolled flow of formation fluid at the surface
or subsurface. A result of uncontrolled kick. Can lead to oil well fire,loss of human life,Rig
equipment , environmental damage & disaster if not controlled professionally by blowout control experts.
Primary function -
Confines well fluid to the well bore.
Provides means to add well killing fluid to the well
bore.
Allows controlled volumes to be withdrawn.
Provides means to hang off drill string & shearing
of drill pipe if required.
Use of Well Control Equipment
Well control equipment used at Drilling / WOR rigs are -
Blow Out Preventer
BOP Control Unit
Choke Manifold & Kill Manifold
FOSV (Full Opening Safety Valve)
Inside BOP
HCR Valve (Hydraulically controlled valve) & Manual
Gate Valve
Types of Well Control Equipment
TO SHALE SHAKER
BLIND RAM
PIPE RAM
CHANGE OVER
SPOOL
CSG.BOWL
CASING
ANNULARBOP
DOUBLE RAM BOP
To DEGASER
WASTE PIT LINE
CELLER PIT
CHOKE MANIFOLD
KIL
L M
AN
IFO
LD
AS
SY
RISER NIPPLE
HCR Valve & Manual Gate Valve
When primary well control is lost, it becomes necessary to
close the well safely by some means in order to prevent
blowout.
The equipment designed to seal the well bore is called Blow Out
Preventer.
Types of BOP
Ram type BOP
Annular BOP
Blow Out Preventer
Ram type preventers seal the annulus by forcing two
front packing elements around pipe in the well.
Ram type preventer can only seal the corresponding
size of pipe in the well.
Variable rams can be used for different size of pipe.
Ram Type Preventer
Can be closed on drill pipe, drill collar, casing pipe,
square & hexagonal kelly, tapered pipe, tool joint,
logging tool, wire line & open hole.
Annular preventer should be closed on open hole in
case of emergency only.
Annular preventer can be used for stripping operation
Annular Preventer
BOP control unit is a high pressure hydraulic unit used to close
/ open BOP during drilling & work over operations.
It provides sufficient operating fluid for BOP stack.
It includes accumulators, reservoir, piping, electric motor & air
driven pumps and manifolds to reduce closing time of BOP
functions.
High Pr. Fluid in accumulator bottles enables BOPs to be
closed in the event of power failure.
BOP Accumulator Unit
BOP CONTROL UNIT
BOP control unit consists of –
Accumulator bottles for storing pressurized fluid.
Hydraulic control fluid and its reservoir tank.
Charging system to pump hydraulic fluid into accumulator bottles.
Pressure regulating valves and an operating manifold to operate the BOPs , choke and kill valves.
Remote control panels for operating BOPs , choke and kill valves from remote locations.
SURFACE BOP CONTROL UNIT
Accumulator Bottles
Hi/Lo Bypass valve
Electric Starter
Pneumatic (Air) Pump
Electric Pump
Annular Regulator
Hydro-Pneumatic Pressure switch
Hydro-Electric Pressure switch
Manifold Regulator
4 way Valves
Guages
Choke Manifold
Choke manifold is an arrangement of valves, lines and chokes to
control the flow of fluids from the annulus during the well killing /
well control process.
The chokes are used to create back pressure in kick control circuit
while killing the well to maintain Bottom Hole pressure(BHP).
Kill Manifold
Kill manifold is an arrangement of gate valves, lines and check valve.
Kill line provides a means of pumping into the well bore when the
normal method of circulating down through the kelly or drill pipe can not
be employed.
Manual Adjustable Choke
This type of choke creates a back
pressure with a stem and beveled
mechanism. Fluid is allowed to
flow through the seat or orifice.
Back pressure control is attained by
the degree to which the stem is
forced into the beveled seat or
extracted from it.
Mud Gas Separator
A mud/gas separator is an
essential equipment used on
the rig for removing high
percentage of gas from the
mud, which is coming out
from downstream of the choke
during gas kick.
BODY
UPPER SEAT
CRANK
BALL
LOWER SEAT
Advantages
Easier to install
Wire line tools can
be
lowered through it Disadvantages
Cannot be used alone
for stripping
FOSV/Kelly Cock
Release Rod
Rod lock Screw
Release Tool
Upper Sub
Dart Seat
Dart “O”Ring
Spring
Lower Sub
Inside BOP
Advantages
Can be used for stripping.
Can circulate through tool.
No back flow through tool. Disadvantages
Not easier to install.
Wire line tools cannot be
lowered through it.
Gate Valve
In gate valve a blank plate is positioned across the
flow path to halt fluid flow. When the valve is
opened, the plate containing an orifice is positioned
across the flow path to allow fluid movement
through the orifice.
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