welcome, isis overview, and core accelerator activities david findlay head, accelerator division
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Welcome, ISIS overview,and core accelerator activities
David FindlayHead, Accelerator DivisionISIS DepartmentRutherford Appleton Laboratory / STFC
Proton accelerator R&D at RAL, 24 March 2011
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Welcome!
Aim today:
Outline description of proton accelerator R&D at RAL
Interest in contributing?
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RAL
Spun off from UKAEA Harwell in late 1950s for nuclear and high-energy physics — PLA (50 MeV DTL, 1959–69), Nimrod (7 GeV synchrotron, 1964–78)
Then ISIS (1984– )
UK proton accelerator R&D based at RAL because UK’s proton machines have been and are at RAL — knowledge, skills, experience, hardware,
infrastructures
ASTeC Intense Beams Group + ISIS
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, looking north-east
ISIS
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ISIS
Spallation neutron source + muons + MICEFirst neutrons 1984 (TS-1), 2008 (TS-2)World-leading in terms of science outputStructure and dynamics of molecules — physics, chemistry, materials science, geology, engineering and biology
800 MeV protons on to tungsten targets, 0.2 MWTS-1, 0.16 MW, 40 pps; TS-2, 0.04 MW, 10 pps~750 neutron experiments per year~1500 visitors/year (~5000 visits)~450 publications/year (~9000 total over 25 years)
UK: has largest neutron user community in the world
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RFQ: 665 keV H–, 4-rod, 202 MHz
Linac: 70 MeV H–, 25 mA, 202 MHz, 200 µs, 50 pps
Synchrotron: 800 MeV proton, 50 Hz5 µC each acceleration cycleDual harmonic RF system
Targets: W (Ta coated)Protons: 2 × ~100 ns pulses, ~300 ns apart
Moderators: TS-1: 2 × H2O, 1 × liq. CH4, 1 × liq. H2
TS-2: 1 × liq. H2 / solid CH4, 1 × solid CH4
Instruments: TS-1: 20 TS-2: 7 (+ ChipIr, 14-Mar-11)
~300 staff
View down north side of ISIS 70 MeV H– linac
Superperiods 9, 0 and 1 of the ISIS 800 MeV synchrotron
ISIS TS-1 experimental hall, 20 instruments
ISIS TS-2 experimental hall, 7 instruments (+1, 14 Mar.)
TS-1 tungsten target, plates
TS-2 tungsten target, solid cylinder
4-rod RFQ, 202 MHz0.2 MW RF pulsedtetrode
One of four drift tube linac tanks, 202 MHz4 × 2 MW RF pulsed
triodes (tetrode drivers)
RF systems at ISIS (1)
2 MW, 202 MHz RF amplifier
RF systems at ISIS (2)
10 × Thales TH116 triodes
RF systems at ISIS (3)
Ferrite-loaded RF cavity2.6–6.2 MHz (second harmonic)4 cavities on machine
Ferrite-loaded RF cavity1.3–3.1 MHz (fundamental)
6 cavities on synchrotron
~1 MW RF mean
RF systems at ISIS (4)
High-power drives and
anode power
supplies
RF systems at ISIS (5) — RF test facility (R79)
RF systems at ISIS — 6
324 MHz 2 MW klystron
324 MHz RFQ (FETS)
Ground-cutting for RAL
ISIS Cockcroft-Walton ...
... now at Cockcroft Institute
Men inside DTLs
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ISIS
An operational machine with a fixed timetable— has to run when the users want it to— problems need solving now
Complicated machine to run — needs knowledgeable and experienced accelerator staff to maintain operations sustainably [e.g. Dean Adams’ talk]
Staff cannot “just” run ISIS — they need to keep up with developments in the field, engage with similar people elsewhere, etc.
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Accelerator R&D at ISIS [ASTeC work: Chris Prior’s talk]
Need knowledgeable and experienced accelerator staff to maintain ISIS operations sustainably1
Need to enable accelerator staff to engage with similar staff elsewhere
Need to look forward to possible ISIS upgrades
Need to maintain RAL as UK centre for proton accelerator R&D
— first two not optional; R&D keeps good people
1 Big, complicated, expensive machines.
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Accelerator R&D programmes at ISIS
Front End Test Stand (FETS) [APL, DCF, JP]High-quality beams for high-power proton acceleratorsPrototype front end for upgraded ISISNot a paper accelerator — real equipment on groundEngineering and technician dimensionsStrong university involvement
R&D for high-current rings [JWGT]Until recently, ISIS world’s highest average power RCSRare opportunity for measurements
ISIS upgrade studies [JWGT]Enhanced capability for investigating structure and dynamics of molecular matter
65 keV, 60 mA, 2 ms,
50 Hz, H– ion source
3-solenoid magnetic LEBT
324 MHz, 3 MeV,
4-vane RFQ
MEBT and beam chopper
Beam diagnostics and beam dump
Laser profile measurement
Front End Test Stand
Ion source collaborations:CSNS, CERN, Culham, Oxford
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R&D for high-current rings
Beam dynamics on high-current rings
Experimental measurements on ISIS ring — valuable and scarce resource
Code development and code bench-marking
Beam diagnostics development
RF systems development (DHRF, LOI)
Collaborations with ANL, J-PARC, KEK, Oxford, SNS
Time (ms)
Beam
loss
ORBIT simulations, 600k particles,64 CPUs, 3-D space chargeSimulated beam loss: 9 %Measured beam Loss: 8 %
ISIS beam loss simulations using ORBIT
UPDATE PICTURE
EC monitor 1
EC monitor 2
Strip line beam position monitor to measure beam instabilities in ring
Damping system?
SP5
Beam diagnostics
Electron cloud monitors
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ISIS upgrade studies
Phased upgrades
0) Linac and TS-1 refurbishment
1)Linac upgrade for ~0.5 MW operations on TS-1
2)~3.3 GeV booster synchrotron — ~1 MW
3) 800 MeV direct injection to booster — 2–5 MW
4)800 MeV direct injection to booster + long pulse mode option
5)Overlap with neutrino factory
ISIS 180 MeV injection upgrade studies
pH0
H−
foil injection dipolemagnets
Injection of 4E13 protons at 180 MeV over 500 turns with painting in each plane under 3-D space charge (left)
Foil studies show 6.3 foil re-circulations per proton raising temperature to 1500°K
OPERA model of injection straight showing foil scatter product trajectories
Foil hit distribution over injection
Collaborations with CERN, Fermilab, Imperial
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Key areas of expertise at ISIS
Essentially: science and technology of proton accelerators with benefit of operational experience
Optimal application of electrical, electronic, mechanical, RF and vacuum engineering
Ability to calculate beam dynamics in detail— incl. benchmarking codes in standard andnon-standard states (e.g. coasting beams)
Design and operation of beam diagnostics devices and interpretation of the signals arising from the devices
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Key areas of expertise — cont’d
Appreciation of the practical problems posed by high-power beam stops and collimators, induction of radioactivity in machine structures, etc. — including high-power targets
State-of-the-art code development and hardware architecture for running the codes
Assessment of the implications for ISIS of facilitating other R&D programmes such as MICE
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Overall aims
Run ISIS sustainably
Prepare for ISIS upgrades
Act as centre for proton accelerator R&D in UK1
Collaborate nationally and internationally
1 E.g. build new proton machines in R8, R9, R80, ...
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