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1 Webinar Date Webinar Title

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Road To Resilience:

Stormwater Planning

Webinar Date

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How to Participate

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About the National Association of Counties

• advances issues before the federal government;

• improves understanding of county government;

• assists counties in finding and sharing innovative solutions

• provides value-added services to save counties money.

For more information visit NACo's new Website: www.naco.org.

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Question & Answer Session Instructions

• Type your question into the questions box at any

time during the presentation, and the moderator

will read the question on your behalf during the

Q&A session.

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Partners

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NOAA Digital Coast Fellow

Moderator: Alyssum Pohl

Alyssum has a background in marine

conservation, and is delighted to be spending 2

years at NACo, helping counties implement GIS

and other digital tools to help with their issues

related to coastal resiliency.

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Agenda:

• Problems associated with stormwater: linking land cover to

water quality

• Strategies to deal with stormwater issues

• Building a network: collaborating with others to deal with

stormwater issues

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The Problem with

Stormwater

Jesse Schomberg

Strategies to deal with

stormwater

Martin Jaffe

Collaborating with

others on stormwater

issues

Patekka Bannister

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Jesse Schomberg

University of Minnesota

Sea Grant Program

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14 Oregon Creek Watershed

Watersheds!

15 Unit 1: Hydrology

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Removing Forest

Cover Removing Storage

Adding Impervious Surfaces

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Impervious Surfaces • Inhibit recharge

of groundwater

• Prevent natural

processing of

pollutants in soil

and plants

• Surface for

accumulation of

pollutants

• Express route

for pollutants to

waterways

Photos Courtesy of Erik Larson, UM Duluth

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Development Impacts

on the Water Cycle

10% 20%

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Altered runoff patterns

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What’s in this

stuff?

Thermal Stress

Debris

Toxic

Contaminants

Pathogens

Sediment

Nutrients

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Adapted From: Wisconsin DNR

4x

18x

5x 6x

Phosphorus Inputs

Runoff Volume

Sediment Inputs

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Non-Point Pollution:

#1 Water Quality

Problem in the US* *US EPA

• Clean Water Act

– MS4’s

– NPDES Stormwater

Permits

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Land Use Tipping Points

Development:

3-10%

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How can we prevent these problems?

• Planning

– Natural Resource Inventory

– Watershed Plans

• Policies

– Conservation Design

– Low Impact Development

– Infill/Redevelopment

• Best Management Practices

– Pervious Pavement

– Rain Gardens

German Association of Cities

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Resources • National NEMO Network http://nemonet.uconn.edu/

– Extension/Education Programs in 30 states

– Provide resources, education, programming focused on helping

communities address water quality issues

• EPA Watersheds Home Page

http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/

– Maps, impairments, funding sources, tools, and other

resources

• Tipping Point Planner – COMING SOON TO GREAT LAKES

STATES

– Assess individual watersheds, evaluate change over time,

identify specific land use tipping points, use community

priorities to develop action plan

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Jesse Schomberg Minnesota Sea Grant

(218) 726-6182 jschombe@d.umn.edu

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Urban Stormwater Management Strategies

Martin Jaffe, Associate Professor, University of

Illinois at Chicago & Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant

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Evaluating Urban Stormwater Practices

• Section 15 of the 2009 Illinois Green Infra-

structure for Clean Water Act (PA 96-26) mandated

that IEPA study the effectiveness and feasibility of

green infrastructure practices and report its

findings to the General Assembly

• I was part of a team that prepared the study for

Illinois EPA: Jaffe et al. (2010) Using Green

Infrastructure to Manage Stormwater Quality: A

Review of Selected Practices and State Programs

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Stormwater Management

Strategies Studied • Grey infrastructure = engineering of conventional separate stormwater sewer systems and detention basins to reduce stormwater volume and release rates to waterways and sewer systems

• Green infrastructure = on-site use of natural processes to reduce stormwater volume and release rates, and to reduce pollutant loading to waterways and sewer systems. Includes:

– Infiltration (rain gardens and bio-swales)

– Green roofs

– Buffer strips

– Permeable paving

– Constructed wetlands

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Examples of Permeable Paving

and Bio-swales

Source: IEPA Study (2010)

Source: IEPA Study (2010)

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Some Important Points

• Both the grey and green infrastructure practices

studied employ engineered facilities – both need to

be designed, constructed and sized to handle a

design storm event

• Both infrastructure practices will require periodic

maintenance (by stormwater utility or HOA, e.g.)

to maintain their designed performance

• Green infrastructure may be most effective when

used synergistically with grey - green infrastructure

can be used to expand existing sewer capacity,

when used to supplement, rather than supplant,

grey infrastructure investments

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Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in

Reducing Runoff Flow and Volume

Source: IEPA Study (2010)

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Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in

Reducing Total Nitrogen

Source: IEPA Study (2010)

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Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure in

Removing Total Suspended Solids

Source: IEPA Study (2010)

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Some General Operational Conclusions

• Green infrastructure practices are effective in reducing stormwater runoff volume and flow rates

• Although possessing greater performance variability than conventional detention, green infrastructure can be about as, if not more, effective than grey in removing TN and TSS

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Economics of Green Infrastructure

• Using CNT’s Green Values Calculator©, the IEPA

study examined the comparative cost-effectiveness

of green vs. grey infrastructure, using three

development scenarios

• Green Infrastructure construction costs were 4%

less for an urban commercial building, 23% less for

an urban townhouse project and 31% less for a

suburban residential development

• Green Infrastructure life-cycle savings were 20%

for the retail, 29% less for the townhouse and 24%

for the suburban residential subdivision

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Some General Economic Conclusions

• The IEPA study modeled the comparative cost-effectiveness of green infrastructure practices, and not an identification and comparison of their benefits and costs

• If green infrastructure practices offer comparable performance as conventional collection and detention practices, but at less cost, then the use of these BMPs should be justified on cost-effectiveness alone

• The modeling examined the comparative costs of green infrastructure BMPs that were integrated into the design of new development projects -- these calculations will probably change if green infra-structure is retrofitted into existing development

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Some Other (Unaddressed) Strategies

• Rain barrels and cisterns – disconnect down-

spouts to capture and reuse precipitation, thus

diverting some of it from stormwater runoff

– Water is very (too?) cheap in most places to

justify expense of grey-water use

– Inadequate storage capacity in most cases

• On-street Storage – install restrictors in storm

sewer grates and berm intersections, using flooded

street for interim storage (works, but is unpopular

with residents)

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Building A Collaborative Network

Patekka Pope Bannister

City of Toledo

Division of Environmental Services

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Stormwater BMPs

The menu of stormwater

BMPs are not just

structural.

Six minimum control

measures.

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Stormwater BMPs

BMPs include a multitude of

audiences.

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Building A Network-Start Local

Examples:

• Local Schools

• Churches

• Regional Government

Partnerships

– City/County

• Council of Governments

• Community/neighborhood

groups

• Civic Organizations

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Building A Network: Branch Out

Examples:

• State Agencies

• Federal Agencies

• Universities

– Local

– Focused Experts

• Non-Profits

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Rain Garden Initiative

Toledo-Lucas Country

http://www.raingardeninitiative.org/

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Green Infrastructure Projects

1

2

3

4

5 6

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University of

Michigan-GLAA-C

Integrated Assessment

Develop climate adaptation strategies, programs, and plans.

Develop summaries of the observed historical climate.

Development of useful tools.

Technical assistance from faculty, staff, and students.

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Economic Impacts of Flooding Study

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Coastal Services Center (CSC)

An economic study examining green infrastructure options for

reducing flooding from extreme rainfall events

Using both current and future precipitation and land use

scenarios

CSC conducted a pilot project in 2010 in Green Bay,

Wisconsin

Great Lake Restoration Initiative (GLRI) has funded two

additional pilot projects – Toledo, OH and Duluth, Minnesota

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Resources

http://www.ohioswa.com/resources/

GLAA-C Website Graham.umich.edu/glaac

www.raingardeninitiative.org

http://changingclimate.osu.edu/webinars/archives/2013-05-21/

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Ohio Stormwater Conference

2014 Ohio Stormwater Conference

June 4-6, 2014

John S. Knight Convention Center

Akron, Ohio

www.ohiostormcon.com.

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Recap:

• How we use the land in our communities directly affects

our water quality

• Green infrastructure is generally just about as efficient --

and usually more cost-effective -- than conventional

infrastructure in managing urban stormwater runoff.

• Utilize existing local resources to start building your

network. Also, look at common goals that you both can

reach.

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Please let me know if you would like to see

NACo host a webinar on a specific

coastal resiliency topic.

apohl@naco.org

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New NACo Publications

Resources for Coastal

Counties page

http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/CoastalCounties.aspx

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New NACo Publications

Community and Economic Development Resources page http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/Economic%20Development%20Resources.aspx

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NERRs Science Collective

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Resources • Digital Coast www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast

• This webinar will be posted http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/CoastalCounties.aspx

• New NACo Publications http://www.naco.org/programs/csd/Pages/CoastalCounties.aspx

http://www.naco.org/newsroom/pubs/Documents/Strategies%20to%20Bolster%20Economic%20Resilienc

e.pdf

• NERRS Science Collaborative http://www.crwp.org/index.php/projects/research-projects/nerrs-

science-collaborative

• National NEMO Network http://nemonet.uconn.edu/

• EPA Watersheds Home Page http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/

• Tipping Point Planner – COMING SOON TO GREAT LAKES STATES

• Maumee River Watershed Project http://www.wgte.org/wgte/watch/index.asp?page_id=739

• Great Lakes Adaptation Assessment for Cities http://graham.umich.edu/glaac/great-lakes-atlas

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Contact Info for Today’s Speakers

• Jesse Schomberg

– jschombe@d.umn.edu

• Marty Jaffe

– mjaffe@uic.edu

• Patekka Bannister

– patekka.bannister@toledo.oh.gov

• Alyssum Pohl

– apohl@naco.org