water models 2
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Interfacedata models
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
GIS
GeoDatabase
Arc Hydrodata model
Geographically Integrated Hydrologic Modeling Systems
Arc Hydro — Hydrography
Arc Hydro — Hydrology
Geographic Data Model
• Conceptual Model – a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it
• Mathematical Model – a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations
• Data Model – a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (Logical data model, physical data model)
• Geographic Data Model – a data model expressed in a GIS database
Data Model Data Model based on based on Inventory of Inventory of data layersdata layers
Data Model Based on Behavior
“Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.”
R.M. Hirsch, USGS
Flow
Time
Time Series
Hydrography
Hydro Network
Channel System
Drainage System
Arc Hydro Components
Streams
Watersheds Waterbody
Hydro Points
Arc Hydro Framework Input Data
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Feature
Waterbody
HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameAreaSqKmJunctionID
HydroPoint
HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameJunctionID
WatershedHydroIDHydroCodeDrainIDAreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID
ComplexEdgeFeature
EdgeType
Flowline
Shoreline
HydroEdge
HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled
SimpleJunctionFeature
1HydroJunction
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
*
1
*
HydroNetwork
*
HydroJunction
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
HydroJunction
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
Arc Hydro FrameworkData Model
Hydro Network(NHD)
Basins Waterbody(NHD)
Arc Hydro Framework For South Florida
Hydro Points
Nexrad Radar Rainfall Map
Extended Arc Hydro Framework for South Florida
Arc HydroFramework
Extended Arc Hydro
RegionalSimulation
Model
OperationsDecision SupportSystem
Flood Modelingand
Management
HydroPeriodAnalysis
Framework for South Florida
1. Define the Data Themes in the Core Model
• Hydrographic lines• Water bodies• Drainage areas• Structures• Gages+ ……..
Who will produce and verify these data?Will National Hydrography Dataset be used?
2. Define the ODSS GIS Framework
• Select the ODSS waterbodies and structures from the core GIS framework
• Integrate water control units in GIS
• Define drainage area for each WCU
• Build interface data model for ODSS
• Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and ODSS
Extended Arc Hydro Framework
Water body
Canal Segment
Lake Marsh Tidal
HydroEdge
HydroJunction
UncontrolledJunction
ControlledJunction
Structure
WCU Schematic Node
1..* 1
1..*
1
1
1..*
Arc Hydro UML for ODSS
Subtypes
Subtypes
1
WCU Schematic Link
Hydronetwork
Water Control Network
MonitoringPoint
Basin1..*
1
3. Define the Flood Modeling Framework
• Define drainage areas, channels and control structures to be included
• Define flood simulation model(s) to be used
• Design ArcGIS interface data model, if necessary
• Populate models with GIS data (Watershed analyst)
• Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and Flood Models, if necessary
4. Define the RSM GIS Framework• Generalize GIS data needed
for RSM (linear referencing and event themes)
• Generate triangular mesh• Represent canal segments and
pseudocells in GIS• Define ArcGIS interface data
model for RSM• Build tools for 2-way linkage
between ArcGIS and RSM
5. Define GIS Functionality for Hydroperiod
• Define conceptual framework
• Convert to mathematical form
• Define data structures needed
• Build tools to execute model• Check against observed
points to verify analysis• Train the District staff!
6. Build the District Arc Hydro Framework
• Build the HydroNetwork
• Connect the drainage areas
• Connect the structures and monitoring points
• Integrate other themes (e.g. District RSM mesh?)
7. Define the Water Inputs
• Connect to the Nexrad data
• Connect to dbHydro for gage information
• Satellite information?• Climate information?• Water quality?
8. Build Information Flows Among Applications
Arc HydroFramework
Extended Arc Hydro
RegionalSimulation
Model
OperationsDecision SupportSystem
Flood Modelingand
Management
HydroPeriodAnalysis
Framework for South Florida
Regional Storm Water Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Modeling Program and
Master Plan for San Master Plan for San AntonioAntonio
Regional Watershed Modeling Master Plan Goals
• Develop new or incorporate existing hydrology, hydraulic and water quality models (“Bring the models together”)
• Provide GIS-based interfaces for models• Provide for maintenance of models and geospatial data• Develop standards for modeling and geospatial data• Regional Watershed Modeling System to assist in:
– flood mitigation planning– capital project prioritization
Modeling System
Rainfall Data:Rain gagesNexrad
Calibration Data:FlowsWater Quality
Geospatial Data:City, CountySARA, other
FloodplainManagement
IntegratedRegional Water
Resources planning
CapitalImprovemen
tPlanning
FloodForecasting
Water qualityplanning
San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System
Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS
Arc HydroSchematic Network
HEC-HMSHydrologic
Model
Calculates Flows
Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS
Arc HydroChannel
Cross Sections
HEC-RASHydraulic
Model
Calculates Water Surface
Elevations
Flow Change PointsModels communicate with
one another through Arc Hydro at designated points
Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Model Builder FLO
ODPLAIN MAP
Flood map as output
Nexrad map as input
Model for flood flow
Model for flood
depth
HMS
Hydrologic Modeling within ArcGIS
• Reverse engineer the parameter values from calibrated hydrologic simulation models into the interface data model
• LibHydro – a library of hydrologic processing functions callable as a dll
• Schematic network processor to execute functions in the right order
Schematic Network
• Standard Arc Hydro data structure– Schematic Links– Schematic Nodes
• Type 1 Nodes and Links for Watersheds
• Type 2 Nodes and Links for Streams
• Type 3 for …..
Schematic Network Processes• Node processes
– Rainfall-runoff and pollutant loads on watersheds
– Summing flows or loads on streams
– Water quality in water bodies
• Link processes– Routing flows in streams– Pollutant losses in streams
LibHydro
• A Fortran subroutine library of hydrologic processes developed from HEC-1
• Packaged in LibHydro.DLL for operation under Visual Basic
• Transforms input time series to output time series• More details on GISHydro 2003 CD
Excess Calculation• Initial Loss and Constant Loss Rate function
Pick up a watershed HydroID = 2346 ImperviousAreaRatio = 0.0001 InitialLoss = 1.6 (mm) ConstantLossRate = 0.38 (mm)
Simulation Period: 7/21/97 – 7/23/97 (3 days) Time Interval: 15 minutes Time step: 4 * 24(hour) * 3(days) = 288
Excess calculation in Llano basin
0
2
4
6
8
10
7/21 7/22 7/23 7/24
Date
Prec
ipita
tion,
Exc
ess
(mm
/hr) Precip (mm)
Excess (mm)
Runoff Calculation• Snyder Unit Hydrograph
Pick up a watershed Watershed area: 266.5 (km2) SnyderCp: 0.8 SnyderTp: 5.58 (hr)
Hydrograph for Llano Basin
0
2
4
6
8
10
7/21
7/22
7/23
date
Prec
ipita
tion,
Ex
cess
(mm
/hr)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Runo
ff (m
3/s)
Runoff (m3/s)
Precip (mm)
Excess (mm)
Simulation Period: 7/21/97 – 7/23/97 (3 days) Time Interval: 15 minutes
Outflow Calculation• Add Baseflow module• Outflow = runoff + baseflow• Recession Ratio = 0.95, Threshold value = 2 (m3/s)
Hydrograph for Llano Basin
0
2
4
6
8
10
7/21
7/22
7/23
date
Prec
ipita
tion,
Ex
cess
(mm
/hr)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Runo
ff (m
3/s)Runoff (m3/s)
Outflow(m3/s)
Precip (mm)
Excess (mm)
Looping Through the Schematic Network
Get Upstream Features
Get Upstream
ValuesProcess
Upstream Values
Process Value to
Pass
Update Value
Collection
Topology Collection Value
Collection
ReceiveProcess
HydroID Upstream HydroIDs HydroIDs Values
Feature, Values
Feature, Value
Processed Value
PassProcess
Processed Value
HydroID, New Value
See GISHydro2003 CD for details
Schematic Network Process Implementation
Geodatabase
DLL(MBSchematic.dll)
Script(ProcSchematic.vbs)
ArcToolboxScript Tool
(ProcessSchematic)
Process DLL 1 Process DLL n
GIS
Script and DLLs
Strengths of ArcGIS for Modeling
• Integration with the COM environment, use of Visual Basic, and accessibility of models through dlls is great step forward
• Network topology a big help for water resources networks
• Geodatabase design process is important for modeling system architecture
• Model Builder is great for handling work flow sequences
Limitations of ArcGIS for Modeling
• No data model and tools for time series in core software
• Graph plotting is inadequate for displaying time series
• Relationships are critical in geodatabase design but can’t be created in ArcView – separate toolkits for ArcInfo and ArcView implementation of modeling systems?
• No scheme for scenario management
Overall Assessment
• Geographic framework: solid
• Model connections: good architecture, needs development
• Time series: being improved with current research
Hydrologic Information System
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