waste characterisation

University of Bristol

Sustainable Water Supply & Sanitation in Developing Countries

Veronica Di Bella

Challenges and Learning from Waste

Characterisation in Developing Countries

Research carried out at CeTAmb – Research centre for appropriate technologies for environmental management

in Developing Countries, University of Brescia, Italy

Case studies from South Sudan and Somaliland

First case study – Juba, South Sudan

Project and study area

Municipal solid waste management in Juba

2 studies on waste production and composition

Challenges and lessons learned

Second case study – Hargeisa, Somaliland

Outline

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First case study – South Sudan

The project

Project Environmental protection and sustainable

development: building local capacities on solid waste

management in South Sudan

Period 2010-2012

Aims Strengthening the capacity of LA and NSAs of Juba

County in solid waste management

Funds European Commission, Italian cooperation agency

Leader Cesvi NGO

Partners and associates SSDO, CeTAmb

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Study area

South Sudan – Newest

country in the world

Independence from

Sudan on 9th July 2011

Still several issues

(e.g. ethnic conflicts and

lack of infrastructures)

Population of about 9

million inhabitants

Source: CIA, The

World Factbook,

2012

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Study area: Juba

Current capital of the Republic of South Sudan

No official data about population (probably about 1 million

people)

Divided in 16 districts (payams): 7 of them within the urban area

Concentration of public administration and international

community

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Waste collection in Juba

Payam Responsible

institution

Users Type of

collection

Juba Southern Express

company

Commercial

activities

Door-to-door

collection

Kator Kator payam Markets and

households (only

in some

residential areas)

Door-to-door

collection

Munuki Philling

Environmental

company

Commercial

activities

No data

available

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Waste collection in Juba

Kator payam

Juba payam Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Waste disposal in Juba

Municipal dumping site Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

April 2010

20 households selected in 5 areas

Study conducted by SSDO, lasting 10 days

Collection, weighing and analysis of daily generated waste

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

Munuki

Kator

Tong Ping

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Area: Tong Ping

Household Number: 001

Data collected by: Emmanuel

Data in Kg

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Number of inhabitants = 17

Data in Kg

TOTAL Production for 10 days = 184.5 Kg

Per-capita production= 1.32 Kg/pc/day

Per-capita production

First study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Data in Kg

Density

DAYS M T W Th F Sa Su M T W

WEIGHT

FULL

CONTAINER

16.0 14.0 5.0 8.0 6.0 9.5 5.0 2.5 11.0 8.0

Weight of empty container= 0.8 kg

Volume of the container = 0.02 m3

DAYS M T W Th F Sa Su M T W

DENSITY 760.0 660.0 210.0 360.0 260.0 435.0 210.0 85.0 510.0 360.0

Data in Kg

AVERAGE DENSITY= 385.0 Kg/m3

First study on waste production and

composition

Values of density from Tchobanoglous, 1993 Average Density = 199.6 kg/m3

Second study on waste production

and composition

November 2010

30 households selected in 3 payams (Juba, Kator and Munuki)

Study conducted by CeTAmb

Waste stored for four days

Collection, weighing and composition analysis

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Second study on waste production

and composition

1st Phase:

Distribution of plastic bags and explanation

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Second study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Second study on waste production

and composition

2nd Phase:

Waste storage for 4 days

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Second study on waste production

and composition

3rd Phase:

Collection of full bags

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

4th Phase: Weighing

Second study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

5th Phase: Composition analysis

Second study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Payam Per-capita production (kg/inh/day)

Range Average

Munuki 0.10-0.75 0.33

Kator 0.16-0.75 0.40

Juba 0.29-1.00 0.64

Average 0.42

Second study on waste production

and composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Payam Food

and

garden

waste

Paper Plastic Textile Metals Glass Nappies Miscella

neous

Munuki 44.4% 6.7% 11.1% 2.6% 1.9% 0.0% 3.7% 29.6%

Kator 22.5% 18.0% 20.3% 13.5% 9.0% 3.2% 0.0% 13.5%

Juba 30.8% 11.5% 23.1% 19.2% 15.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Average 32.6% 12.1% 18.2% 11.8% 8.7% 1.1% 1.2% 14.4%

Second study on waste production

and composition

Comparison of the results

Study

Food and

garden

waste

Paper Plastic Textile Metals Glass Miscella

neous

April 2010 30.5% 14.4% 16.7% 1.2% 9.3% 10.8% 17.1%

November

2010 32.6% 12.1% 18.2% 11.8% 8.7% 1.1% 15.5%

Per-capita production (kg/inh/day)

April 2010 November 2010

0.72 0.42

Household waste production

Household waste composition

Outline

First case study

– Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

What have we learnt from this

example?

Phase Challenges

Before the study -

-

-

During the study -

-

-

Data analysis -

-

-

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case study

– Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Second case study – Somaliland

The project

Project SUDP SISDISC

Period 2005-2008 2008-2009

Aims Support the development of

urban areas through

strengthening urban institutions

Providing priority basic services

in the waste management

sector.

Funds European Commission, UNDP European Commission, Italian

cooperation agency, UN-

Habitat

Leader UN-Habitat Cesvi NGO

Partners UNA Consortium, UNICEF,

ILO, UNDP, NOVIB, CeTAmb

CeTAmb, Boroma University

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Study area

Somalia - East Africa

Capital City: Mogadiscio

18 regions and 3

“independent” states:

1991 Somaliland

1998 Puntland

2006 Galmudug

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Study area: Hargeisa

Capital city and the biggest urban setting in Somaliland

Population: about 650,000 inhabitants

Concentration of public administration, private sector and

international community

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Analysis of the composition of

plastic waste

1st Phase: Plastic collection Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Analysis of the composition of

plastic waste

2nd Phase: Identification, separation and weighing of the different

polymers

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Analysis of the composition of

plastic waste

2nd Phase: Identification, separation and weighing of the different

polymers

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Analysis of the composition of

plastic waste

2nd Phase: Identification, separation and weighing of the different

polymers

Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

Analysis of the composition of

plastic waste

Analysis of the results Outline

First case study –

Juba, South

Sudan

Challenges and

lessons learnt

Second case

study –

Hargeisa,

Somaliland

For further information: veronica.dibella@imcworldwide.com

veradibi@gmail.com

Thank you for your attention!